H. Katayama, M. Sakai, E. Kato, Yasuhoiro Nakajima, K. Nakau, T. Kimura
{"title":"On-orbit performance of the Compact Infrared Camera (CIRC) with uncooled infrared detector","authors":"H. Katayama, M. Sakai, E. Kato, Yasuhoiro Nakajima, K. Nakau, T. Kimura","doi":"10.1117/12.2179764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179764","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed the Compact Infrared Camera (CIRC) with an uncooled infrared array detector (microbolometer) for space application. Microbolometers have an advantage of not requiring cooling system such as a mechanical cooler, and is suitable for resource-limited sensor system. Another characteristic of the CIRC is its use of athermal optics. The athermal optics system compensates for defocus owing to temperature changes. We also employ a shutter-less system which is a method to correct non-uniformity of the detector without a mechanical shutter. The CIRC achieves a small size (approximately 200 mm), light mass (approximately 3 kg), and low electrical power consumption (<20 W) by employing athermal optics and a shutterless system. The CIRC is launched in May 2014 as a technology-demonstration payload of Advanced Land Observation Satellite-2 (ALOS-2). Since the initial functional verification phase (July 4-14, 2014), the CIRC was demonstrated a function according to its intended design. We also confirmed the temperature accuracy of the CIRC observation data is within ±4K in the calibration validation phase after the initial functional verification phase. The CIRC also detected wildfires in various areas and observed the volcano activities in the operational phase. In this paper, we present the on-orbit performance of the CIRC onboard ALOS-2.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121385226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lijun Jiang, Haitao Liu, Jiguang Chi, Liangshan Qian, F. Pan, Xiang Liu, Xiaorong Zhu, Zhigang Ma
{"title":"Uncooled infrared detector and imager development at DALI Technology","authors":"Lijun Jiang, Haitao Liu, Jiguang Chi, Liangshan Qian, F. Pan, Xiang Liu, Xiaorong Zhu, Zhigang Ma","doi":"10.1117/12.2175833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2175833","url":null,"abstract":"Zhejiang Dali Technology Co. Ltd. is one of the major players in the China Infrared industry. The company has been working on infrared imagers using uncooled FPAs for about 15 years. It started the research and development of uncooled microbolometer detectors since 2006, and has brought several uncooled detectors into mass production, including 35um 384x288, 25um 160x120, 384x288, 640x480, and 17um 384x288, 640x480. In this presentation, we will describe the uncooled infrared detector and imager development at DALI Technology.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116682488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Levanon, Michael Konstantinovsky, N. Kopeika, Y. Yitzhaky, A. Stern, Svetlana Turak, A. Abramovich
{"title":"Feasibility of Radon projection acquisition for compressive imaging in MMW region based new video rate 16×16 GDD FPA camera","authors":"A. Levanon, Michael Konstantinovsky, N. Kopeika, Y. Yitzhaky, A. Stern, Svetlana Turak, A. Abramovich","doi":"10.1117/12.2180367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180367","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we present preliminary results for the combination of two interesting fields in the last few years: 1) Compressed imaging (CI), which is a joint sensing and compressing process, that attempts to exploit the large redundancy in typical images in order to capture fewer samples than usual. 2) Millimeter Waves (MMW) imaging. MMW based imaging systems are required for a large variety of applications in many growing fields such as medical treatments, homeland security, concealed weapon detection, and space technology. Moreover, the possibility to create a reliable imaging in low visibility conditions such as heavy cloud, smoke, fog and sandstorms in the MMW region, generate high interest from military groups in order to be ready for new combat. The lack of inexpensive room temperature imaging sensors makes it difficult to provide a suitable MMW system for many of the above applications. A system based on Glow Discharge Detector (GDD) Focal Plane Arrays (FPA) can be very efficient in real time imaging with significant results. The GDD is located in free space and it can detect MMW radiation almost isotropically. In this article, we present a new approach of reconstruction MMW imaging by rotation scanning of the target. The Collection process here, based on Radon projections allows implementation of the compressive sensing principles into the MMW region. Feasibility of concept was obtained as radon line imaging results. MMW imaging results with our resent sensor are also presented for the first time. The multiplexing frame rate of 16×16 GDD FPA permits real time video rate imaging of 30 frames per second and comprehensive 3D MMW imaging. It uses commercial GDD lamps with 3mm diameter, Ne indicator lamps as pixel detectors. Combination of these two fields should make significant improvement in MMW region imaging research, and new various of possibilities in compressing sensing technique.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114428816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Das, D. De Gaspari, P. Cornet, P. Deroo, J. Vermeiren, P. Merken
{"title":"Implementation and performance of shutterless uncooled micro-bolometer cameras","authors":"J. Das, D. De Gaspari, P. Cornet, P. Deroo, J. Vermeiren, P. Merken","doi":"10.1117/12.2177315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177315","url":null,"abstract":"A shutterless algorithm is implemented into the Xenics LWIR thermal cameras and modules. Based on a calibration set and a global temperature coefficient the optimal non-uniformity correction is calculated onboard of the camera. The limited resources in the camera require a compact algorithm, hence the efficiency of the coding is important. The performance of the shutterless algorithm is studied by a comparison of the residual non-uniformity (RNU) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between the shutterless and shuttered correction algorithm. From this comparison we conclude that the shutterless correction is only slightly less performant compared to the standard shuttered algorithm, making this algorithm very interesting for thermal infrared applications where small weight and size, and continuous operation are important.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122844468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Mizrahi, S. Yuval, Y. Hirsh, Y. Sinai, Y. Lury, Y. Gridish, N. Syrel, Y. Shamay, R. Meshorer, R. Iosevich, S. L. Horesh
{"title":"Low-SWaP shutterless uncooled video core by SCD","authors":"U. Mizrahi, S. Yuval, Y. Hirsh, Y. Sinai, Y. Lury, Y. Gridish, N. Syrel, Y. Shamay, R. Meshorer, R. Iosevich, S. L. Horesh","doi":"10.1117/12.2176930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176930","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade SCD has established a \"state of the art\" VOx μ-Bolometer product line. The market demands for low SWaP (Size, Weight and Power) uncooled engines is steadily growing, where low SWaP is especially critical in battery-operated applications such as goggles and Thermal Weapon Sights (TWS). In this approach, SCD has developed a low-SWaP, shutter-less uncooled video core, with a foot-print of 31x31mm and sub Watt power consumption. The video core contains a temperature calibrated, High Sensitivity (HS) 640x480 17μm pitch detector (NETD ≤ 32mK @ 30Hz, F/1), packaged in a new TEC-less ceramic package (26x23mm). The video core contains superior image processing algorithms including: local and global Dynamic Range Compression (DRC), and spatial and temporal de-noising algorithms providing low NETD and stable and low Residual Non Uniformity (RNU) video image.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128610301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kennedy, P. Masini, M. Lamb, J. Hamers, T. Kocian, E. Gordon, W. Parrish, R. Williams, T. Lebeau
{"title":"Advanced uncooled sensor product development","authors":"A. Kennedy, P. Masini, M. Lamb, J. Hamers, T. Kocian, E. Gordon, W. Parrish, R. Williams, T. Lebeau","doi":"10.1117/12.2177462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177462","url":null,"abstract":"The partnership between RVS, Seek Thermal and Freescale Semiconductor continues on the path to bring the latest technology and innovation to both military and commercial customers. The partnership has matured the 17μm pixel for volume production on the Thermal Weapon Sight (TWS) program in efforts to bring advanced production capability to produce a low cost, high performance product. The partnership has developed the 12μm pixel and has demonstrated performance across a family of detector sizes ranging from formats as small as 206 x 156 to full high definition formats. Detector pixel sensitivities have been achieved using the RVS double level advanced pixel structure. Transition of the packaging of microbolometers from a traditional die level package to a wafer level package (WLP) in a high volume commercial environment is complete. Innovations in wafer fabrication techniques have been incorporated into this product line to assist in the high yield required for volume production. The WLP seal yield is currently > 95%. Simulated package vacuum lives >> 20 years have been demonstrated through accelerated life testing where the package has been shown to have no degradation after 2,500 hours at 150°C. Additionally the rugged assembly has shown no degradation after mechanical shock and vibration and thermal shock testing. The transition to production effort was successfully completed in 2014 and the WLP design has been integrated into multiple new production products including the TWS and the innovative Seek Thermal commercial product that interfaces directly to an iPhone or android device.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122836434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncooled infrared focal plane array imaging in China","authors":"Shuyu Lei","doi":"10.1117/12.2176032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176032","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the development of uncooled infrared focal plane array (UIFPA) imaging in China in the past decade. Sensors based on optical or electrical read-out mechanism were developed but the latter dominates the market. In resistive bolometers, VOx and amorphous silicon are still the two major thermal-sensing materials. The specifications of the IRFPA made by different manufactures were collected and compared. Currently more than five Chinese companies and institutions design and fabricate uncooled infrared focal plane array. Some devices have sensitivity as high as 30 mK; the largest array for commercial products is 640×512 and the smallest pixel size is 17 μm. Emphasis is given on the pixel MEMS design, ROIC design, fabrication, and packaging of the IRFPA manufactured by GWIC, especially on design for high sensitivities, low noise, better uniformity and linearity, better stabilization for whole working temperature range, full-digital design, etc.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117141945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evan M. Smith, Deep Panjwani, J. Ginn, A. Warren, C. Long, Pedro Figuieredo, Christian W. Smith, Joshua D. Perlstein, Nicholas M Walter, C. Hirschmugl, R. Peale, D. Shelton
{"title":"Enhanced performance of VOx-based bolometer using patterned gold black absorber","authors":"Evan M. Smith, Deep Panjwani, J. Ginn, A. Warren, C. Long, Pedro Figuieredo, Christian W. Smith, Joshua D. Perlstein, Nicholas M Walter, C. Hirschmugl, R. Peale, D. Shelton","doi":"10.1117/12.2177401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177401","url":null,"abstract":"Patterned highly absorbing gold black film has been selectively deposited on the active surfaces of a vanadium-oxide-based infrared bolometer array. Patterning by metal lift-off relies on protection of the fragile gold black with an evaporated oxide, which preserves gold black’s near unity absorption. This patterned gold black also survives the dry-etch removal of the sacrificial polyimide used to fabricate the air-bridge bolometers. Infrared responsivity is substantially improved by the gold black coating without significantly increasing noise. The increase in the time constant caused by the additional mass of gold black is a modest 14%.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114365530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tempelhahn, H. Budzier, V. Krause, Gerald Gerlach
{"title":"Improving the shutter-less compensation method for TEC-less microbolometer-based infrared cameras","authors":"A. Tempelhahn, H. Budzier, V. Krause, Gerald Gerlach","doi":"10.1117/12.2177003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177003","url":null,"abstract":"Shutter-less infrared cameras based on microbolometer focal plane arrays (FPAs) are the most widely used cameras in thermography, in particular in the fields of handheld devices and small distributed sensors. For acceptable measurement uncertainty values the disturbing influences of changing thermal ambient conditions have to be treated corresponding to temperature measurements of the thermal conditions inside the camera. We propose a compensation approach based on calibration measurements where changing external conditions are simulated and all correction parameters are determined. This allows to process the raw infrared data and to consider all disturbing influences. The effects on the pixel responsivity and offset voltage are considered separately. The responsivity correction requires two different, alternating radiation sources. This paper presents the details of the compensation procedure and discusses relevant aspects to gain low temperature measurement uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129827640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On an efficient and effective intelligent transportation system (ITS) safety and traffic efficiency application with corresponding driver behavior","authors":"Nnanna Ekedebe, Wei Yu, Chao Lu","doi":"10.1117/12.2177505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177505","url":null,"abstract":"Driver distraction could result in safety compromises attributable to distractions from in-vehicle equipment usage [1]. The effective design of driver-vehicle interfaces (DVIs) and other human-machine interfaces (HMIs) together with their usability, and accessibility while driving become important [2]. Driving distractions can be classified as: visual distractions (any activity that takes your eyes away from the road), cognitive distraction (any activity that takes your mind away from the course of driving), and manual distractions (any activity that takes your hands away from the steering wheel [2]). Besides, multitasking during driving is a distractive activity that can increase the risks of vehicular accidents. To study the driver’s behaviors on the safety of transportation system, using an in-vehicle driver notification application, we examined the effects of increasing driver distraction levels on the evaluation metrics of traffic efficiency and safety by using two types of driver models: young drivers (ages 16-25 years) and middle-age drivers (ages 30-45 years). Our evaluation data demonstrates that as a drivers distraction level is increased, less heed is given to change route directives from the in-vehicle on-board unit (OBU) using textual, visual, audio, and haptic notifications. Interestingly, middle-age drivers proved more effective/resilient in mitigating the negative effects of driver distraction over young drivers [2].","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133192666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}