Thyroid最新文献

{"title":"Discontinuous Peripheral Punctate Echogenic Foci in Thyroid Nodules: A New Sonographic Pattern Suggestive of Papillary Carcinoma.","authors":"Laila Daibes, Stefano Spiezia, Marilene Filgueira Nascimento, Johnson Thomas, Daniela Pace, Fernando Luiz Dias, Haitham Sharara, Claudia Grigorov, Ricardo Oliveira, Bernardo Fonseca, Jodelia Henriques, Alessandra Matheus, Ailson Gomes, Isabela Bussade, Luciana Bahia, Joao Regis Carneiro, Ximene Antunes, Stefano Fiuza, Gilberto Teixeira, Flavia Aduan, Marianna Daibes, Victoria Banuchi, Ehab Hanna, Yuri E Nikiforov, Jose Claudio Casali-da-Rocha, Franklin Tessler","doi":"10.1177/10507256261477161","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261477161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultrasound risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules worldwide describe different types of echogenic foci, including punctate echogenic foci (microcalcifications), coarse internal calcifications, and peripheral (rim) calcifications (complete or incomplete), with different levels of association with malignancy. We identified a previously undescribed pattern of small, discontinuous peripheral punctate echogenic foci (DPEF) associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter retrospective case series included thyroid ultrasound images from five countries (Brazil, United States, Italy, France, and Romania) between January 2020 and September 2025. Cases were included solely based on the presence of discontinuous peripheral punctate hyperechoic foci, defined as small echogenic dots arranged along the nodule periphery, regardless of nodule echogenicity or morphology. Each nodule underwent comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, including experienced radiologists, endocrinologists, head and neck surgeons, and pathologists. The final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination after surgical resection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three thyroid nodules from 22 patients met the inclusion criteria across all participating centers. Patient demographics included 17 women and 5 men, with ages ranging from 17 to 57 years (mean age, 36.1 years; median age, 37.5 years). Nodule size ranged from 0.4 cm to 4.8 cm in maximum diameter. All nodules exhibited the characteristic discontinuous peripheral arrangement of punctate echogenic foci on high-resolution ultrasonography. Histopathological examination confirmed PTC in 100% of the sample (<i>n</i> = 23), including 16 classical variants, 1 \"hobnail\" subtype, and 3 cases of papillary carcinoma not otherwise specified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this hypothesis-generating case series, DPEF was strongly associated with PTC. Further studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this new sign. Recognition and reporting of this pattern, which was consistently observed in PTC, are important for raising awareness among thyroid radiologists and sonographers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"1142-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Morbidity and Short-Term Oncologic Status after Prophylactic-Intent Thyroidectomy in a Cohort of Children with MEN2 from the Multicenter GTE ENDOCAN-RENATEN Study.","authors":"Isaline Morard, Frédéric Castinetti, Isabelle Oliver Petit, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Régis Coutant, Cyril Amouroux, Anya Rothenbuhler, Emeline Marquant, Mireille Castanet, Sabine Baron, Marc De Kerdanet, Michel Polak, Pierre-François Souchon, Aurélie Berot, Dana Hartl, Vincent Couloigner, Julie Brossaud, Pascal Barat, Antoine Tabarin, Magalie Haissaguerre","doi":"10.1177/10507256261477167","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261477167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children carrying germline RET mutations associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) are at high risk of developing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Prophylactic-intent thyroidectomy is recommended during childhood to prevent progression to advanced disease. Genotype-based recommendations combined with calcitonin measurements allow more individualized surgical timing. However, performing thyroidectomy at very young ages may expose children to long-term morbidity, particularly permanent hypoparathyroidism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective national multicenter cohort study within the French Groupe d'Étude des Tumeurs Endocrines, including children younger than 15 years who underwent prophylactic-intent total thyroidectomy between 2010 and 2020 in the absence of clinically apparent structural disease. Data collected included RET genotype, age at surgery, preoperative calcitonin values interpreted relative to each laboratory's upper limit of normal, surgical procedures performed, histopathologic findings, postoperative complications, and clinical status at last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-four children (61 MEN2A, 3 MEN2B) underwent surgery at a median age of 4.6 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.2-8.3 years). Preoperative calcitonin was elevated in 44% of evaluable patients. Histopathology demonstrated C-cell hyperplasia in 52% and micro-MTC in 34%, while lymph node metastases were rare (3%). After a median follow-up of 6 years (IQR = 2.4-8.5 years), no patient had persistent structural disease. One patient had persistent moderate biochemical disease without structural evidence of MTC, although follow-up duration limits definitive long-term oncologic outcomes. Postoperative morbidity was notable: hypoparathyroidism occurred in 31% of patients and was permanent in 16%, predominantly among children operated before age 5 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this national contemporary cohort, prophylactic-intent thyroidectomy in pediatric MEN2 was associated with excellent short-term oncologic outcomes but also with a substantial rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism, particularly in very young children. These findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary evaluation of both the timing and extent of surgery in expert centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"1137-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Outcomes of Thermal Ablation for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Study from Latin American Interventional Thyroidology Association (LAITA).","authors":"Juan Pablo Dueñas, Nathalia Buitrago-Gómez, Antonio Rahal, Jose Higinio Steck, Gustavo Philippi de Los Santos, Cristhian García, Emerson Favero, Rafael De Cicco, Leonardo G Rangel, Richard Godoy, Eleonora Horvath, Juan Pablo Niedmann Espinosa, Ana Voogd, Lorena Savluk, Erick Gonzales, Antonio Augusto Tupinambá Bertelli, Camilo González-Velazquez, Leonardo de Moura Volpi, Erivelto Martinho Volpi","doi":"10.1177/10507256261475837","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261475837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thermal ablation has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, data from Latin America remain scarce. This multicenter study evaluated the early efficacy and safety of thermal ablation for low-risk PTC across multiple Latin American centers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study including 251 patients with 252 tumors (T1N0M0 PTC, ≤2 cm) treated with ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) at 12 centers across 6 Latin American countries from January 2019 to June 2025. Primary outcomes were complete tumor disappearance, disease progression, and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age was 45.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 36.5-56), with 74.2% female patients. Median tumor size was 6.7 mm (IQR: 5-8); 92.1% were T1a (≤10 mm). After a median follow-up of 18 months (IQR 12-24, range 12-72), complete tumor disappearance was achieved in 89.7% overall (226/252), reaching 97.0% in tumors with ≥18 months and 100% with ≥36 months of follow-up. Tumor persistence was observed in 10.3% (26/252) at last follow-up, with no lymph node or distant metastases. The overall complication rate was 2.4% (6/252), all consisting of transient dysphonia. On multivariable analysis, tumor size >10 mm was independently associated with a lower likelihood of complete tumor disappearance (adjusted odds ratios [OR] 0.23 [CI: 0.07-0.78]), whereas follow-up >12 months was associated with a higher likelihood (adjusted OR: 11.33 [CI: 3.61-35.6]). A supplementary <i>post hoc</i> analysis suggested a possible association between higher general operator volume (≥250 RFA procedures) and complete disappearance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RFA demonstrates excellent efficacy and acceptable safety for T1a low-risk PTC in Latin American patients, with outcomes comparable with other series, supporting it as a viable alternative to surgery or active surveillance in selected patients. Efficacy for T1b tumors was lower and based on a small number of cases; ablation of T1b disease should therefore be regarded as requiring further investigation, ideally within the framework of a clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"1053-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graves' Orbitopathy and Anophthalmia.","authors":"Marta Pérez-López, Petros Perros","doi":"10.1177/10507256261473411","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261473411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Graves' orbitopathy (GO) affects approximately 0.1% of the population. GO in anophthalmic patients is extremely rare and may provide insights into the pathogenesis of this disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe four cases of GO in patients with previously acquired anophthalmia in one eye.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all cases, the anophthalmic eye showed both clinical and radiological evidence of GO. In two patients, optic nerve compression was present. In all cases, involvement of extraocular muscles was radiologically symmetrical when comparing the two orbits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GO in anophthalmic patients is a rare combination of ocular morbidities. Early recognition and appropriate management of GO in such patients are important if visual function is to be preserved. Whether anophthalmia predisposes to GO in susceptible patients is unclear. This rare group of patients may provide unique opportunities for studying the pathogenetic mechanisms in GO.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"1021-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shorter Versus Standard Antithyroid Drug Therapy in Graves' Disease with Lower Baseline Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody (TRAb) Levels: Relapse Outcomes from a Propensity-Weighted Analysis.","authors":"Salman Razvi, Mia Holley, Hannah Wheeler, Jonathan Vernazza, Kathryn Stewart, Simon H S Pearce, Kilimangalam Narayanan, Vasileios Tsatlidis","doi":"10.1177/10507256261470303","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261470303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The optimal duration of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy in Graves' disease is uncertain. Although guidelines recommend 12-18 months, shorter courses may be sufficient in selected patients. We evaluated whether ATD duration <12 months is non-inferior to 12-18 months for relapse among patients with Graves' disease and lower thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels (>1.8 and <10.0 U/L) at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed real-world data from adults with Graves' disease and baseline TRAb <10 U/L treated with ATDs at a single center. The primary endpoint was relapse within 12 months of ATD cessation. A prespecified risk-difference non-inferiority framework was used, with a primary margin of +5% and an exploratory margin of +10%. Treatment effects were estimated using unadjusted analyses, inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW; <i>n</i> = 369), and 1:1 propensity-score matching (PSM; 104 matched pairs). Secondary outcomes included long-term relapse (median follow-up 58 months), TRAb levels at cessation, and restricted mean survival time (RMST) over 60 months.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>At 12 months, relapse occurred in 23/134 (17.2%) patients treated <12 months and 48/235 (20.4%) treated for 12-18 months. The IPTW-adjusted risk difference was -1.5% (CI -11.0 to +8.0), meeting the 10% but not the 5% non-inferiority margin. The unadjusted estimate (-3.2%) met both margins, whereas the PSM estimate (+2.9%, CI -7.3 to +13.1) met neither because of reduced precision. Long-term outcomes were similar between groups (IPTW Cox HR 0.92 [CI 0.65-1.31]; RMST difference +3.2 months over 60 months [-2.1 to +8.4]). TRAb levels at cessation were comparable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among patients with Graves' disease and lower TRAb levels, shorter ATD courses (<12 months) produced outcomes broadly comparable to 12-18 months. Although strict non-inferiority was not confirmed at a 5% margin, findings meeting an exploratory 10% threshold support TRAb-guided individualization of ATD duration and justify prospective randomized evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"961-969"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Treatment of Advanced Thyroid Cancer Using Pemetrexed Monotherapy or with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy.","authors":"Laura Boucai, Rodrigo Fano, Eric J Sherman, Winston Wong, Alan L Ho","doi":"10.1177/10507256261472631","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261472631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mortality from thyroid cancer is driven by advanced forms of the disease. While second-line therapies have been approved and recognized in thyroid cancer guidelines, development of toxicity and resistance requires addition of salvage treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study evaluates the utility of pemetrexed as single agent or in combination with carboplatin for advanced radioiodine refractory differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between December, 2023, and December, 2025. Our primary outcome was best overall response, and secondary outcomes were progression-free survival and disease-specific survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two patients (11 with ATC), 68% females, and 95% with distant metastatic disease, received pemetrexed single agent or in combination with carboplatin as a fourth-line therapy for a median duration of about 5 months. Median time to pemetrexed initiation was 73 months. Partial response (PR) was observed in 6/22 (27%) of all patients and in 5/11 (45%) with non-ATC. Median progression-free survival was 148 days for all tumors and 375 days for patients with non-ATC. One patient with ATC remains on pemetrexed/carboplatin with a PR to therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pemetrexed single agent or in combination with carboplatin has comparable efficacy to approved second-line therapies for advanced thyroid cancer. Prospective Phase II and III clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of this salvage therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"931-939"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Distribution of Goiter Among Commercially Insured, Working-Age Adults in the United States.","authors":"Joseph Tobias, Joseph Krongold, Kerim Kaylan, Sara Abou Azar, Theodoros Michelakos, Kelvin Memeh, Xavier M Keutgen, Peter Angelos, Megan K Applewhite","doi":"10.1177/10507256261470301","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261470301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We report a cross-sectional analysis of prevalence and distribution of goiter among commercially insured adults ages 18-64 in the United States using the 2022-2023 Merative™ MarketScan^® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases of goiter were identified using ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Prevalence was estimated under nested case definitions and by goiter subtype. Estimates were compared across U.S. Census regions. Multivariable regression was used to model the association of demographic, clinical, and regional variables on goiter prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 15.2 million commercially insured adults enrolled in MarketScan on December 31, 2023, overall goiter prevalence was 12.7-24.6 per 1000 persons. Prevalence was substantially higher among women and increased steadily with age. Non-toxic multinodular goiter accounted for most cases. Prevalence varied by U.S. Census region after adjusting for age, sex, toxic status, and diagnostic intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of goiter, comprised predominantly of non-toxic multinodular goiter, is estimated to be 1.3-2.5% among working-age adults in the U.S. and varies by sex, age, and potentially by geography. Further research is needed to investigate environmental and social drivers of the goiter burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"1026-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methimazole-Associated Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis in Pediatric Patients with Graves' Disease: A Chinese Cohort Study.","authors":"Shi Tang, Fang Zhang, Wanhong Zhu, Min Yang, Ming Gong, Pingping Dang, Ranhua Jiang, He Lu, Ying Xin, Xiaochun Teng","doi":"10.1177/10507256261472376","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261472376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Graves' disease (GD) is rare in children, and methimazole (MMI) is recommended as the first-line therapy. However, data on MMI-associated neutropenia and agranulocytosis in pediatric patients remain limited. In this study, we aimed to characterize the clinical features of these adverse events and to identify their associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study was conducted involving 432 pediatric patients with GD treated with MMI. Clinical and biochemical data were collected retrospectively and prospectively, with follow-up 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-9, and 10-12 months after treatment initiation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for MMI-associated neutropenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 12-month follow-up period, 104 (24.1%) patients developed neutropenia, with 84.6% developing neutropenia within the first 3 months, 72.1% within 1 month, and 59.6% within 2 weeks. Among the affected patients, 83.7%, 13.5%, and 2.8% had mild, moderate, and severe neutropenia (agranulocytosis), respectively. All patients with moderate or severe neutropenia were asymptomatic and were identified through routine monitoring within the first month. Multivariable analysis revealed that a thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)-negative status (odds ratio [OR], 2.020; confidence interval [CI], 1.113-3.666) was associated with a higher prevalence of MMI-associated neutropenia, whereas older age (OR, 0.916; CI, 0.848-0.989) and higher baseline absolute neutrophil count (ANC; OR, 0.775; CI, 0.665-0.903) were protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ANC monitoring is recommended every 1 to 2 weeks during the first month and monthly for the first 3 months after MMI initiation. Pediatric patients with GD younger than 3 years with TPOAb-negative status or a baseline ANC < 3 × 10⁹/L may have a higher prevalence of MMI-associated neutropenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"979-986"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of Thyroid Hormone Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 in Mouse Oligodendroglia Cells Results in a Delayed Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelination.","authors":"Joshua-Joel Richter, Boyka Markova, Beyza Atalay, Anita Boelen, Dagmar Führer, Steffen Mayerl, Heike Heuer","doi":"10.1177/10507256261469832","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261469832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to an impaired thyroid hormone (TH) transport across brain barriers, inactivation of the murine TH transporters <i>Mct8/Oatp1c1</i> causes a profound TH deficiency of the CNS that greatly impacts neural development and function. Since oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination are dependent on local TH signaling, <i>Mct8/Oatp1c1</i> double knockout (DKO) mice exhibit a persistent state of hypomyelination. Yet, to which extent <i>Mct8/Oatp1c1</i> inactivation also affects TH transport into oligodendroglia cells has not been addressed. Here, we studied oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination in mice lacking <i>Mct8/Oatp1c1</i> specifically in oligodendroglia lineage (OL) cells and compared their phenotype with that of control and DKO animals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Conditional <i>Mct8/Oatp1c1</i> mutants were crossed with mice expressing constitutively Cre-recombinase under the control of the <i>Olig2</i> promoter to inactivate both transporters in OL cells (so-called OL CKO mice). Neural maturation and myelination were assessed by immunofluorescence (IF) and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH) studies at different postnatal time points. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), premyelinating, and myelinating oligodendrocytes were visualized by coimmunolabeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OL CKO mice exhibited normal serum TH concentrations and hypothalamic <i>Trh</i> transcript levels. Quantification of neuronal TH-target gene transcript levels (<i>Rc3; Klf9; Pde10a</i>) revealed no alterations. Abundance of myelin sheaths-related proteins Mbp and Cnp was significantly reduced in OL CKO mice at postnatal day P12 but reached normal levels at P21 and P120. Quantification of OPC, premyelinating, and myelinating oligodendrocytes disclosed a strongly reduced number of mature OL at P6 and P12, while cell numbers normalized in adult OL CKO mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inactivation of murine TH transporters Mct8/Oatp1c1 in OL cells causes a delayed oligodendroglia maturation and myelination. These findings highlight a physiologically relevant function of Mct8/Oatp1c1 in developmental oligodendrogenesis and myelin formation. In contrast to the persistent myelination defect seen in central hypothyroid DKO mice, OL CKO mice exhibit only a transient oligodendrocyte differentiation impairment and transient hypomyelination. These observations indicate the presence of additional, yet unknown, TH transporters that ultimately enable cellular TH entry into oligodendroglia cells even in the absence of Mct8/Oatp1c1.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"996-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Third-Trimester TRAb Is Associated with Neonatal Thyroid Dysfunction and 24-Month Offspring Neurodevelopment: A Bidirectional Cohort Study.","authors":"Jianing Zhang, Yu Wang, Guoyu Sun, Yang Zhang, Weijie Sun, Ying Gao, Xinlin Hou","doi":"10.1177/10507256261471687","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10507256261471687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal Graves' disease (GD) has been linked to neonatal thyroid dysfunction, but its relationship with offspring neurodevelopment remains unclear. We examined the associations of maternal GD-related thyroid factors with neonatal thyroid function and neurodevelopment at 24 months. We also explored whether neonatal thyroid function might partly explain this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center bidirectional cohort study included pregnant women with GD and their offspring delivered between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. Maternal thyroid-related variables, including thyrotropin (TSH), free T4, thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs), and antithyroid drug exposure, were collected across pregnancy. Neonatal thyroid function was assessed at 7-14 days after birth, and neurodevelopmental screening at a corrected age of 24 months was performed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with neonatal thyroid dysfunction and abnormal neurodevelopmental screening results. Covariates were selected with guidance from a directed acyclic graph, and exploratory mediation analysis was performed using PROCESS Model 4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 159 neonates, 60 (37.7%) had thyroid dysfunction, with hyperthyrotropinemia as the most common abnormality (28.9%). Higher maternal third-trimester TRAb was independently associated with neonatal thyroid dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59 [confidence interval or CI: 1.29-1.97], <i>p</i> < 0.001). Of the 143 offspring with follow-up data, 23 (16.1%) had abnormal neurodevelopmental screening results at 24 months. Higher maternal third-trimester TRAb (OR = 1.15 [CI: 1.04-1.27], <i>p</i> = 0.005) and higher neonatal TSH (OR = 1.11 [CI: 1.02-1.20], <i>p</i> = 0.016) were independently associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental screening results. Exploratory mediation analysis did not support a significant mediating role of neonatal TSH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher maternal third-trimester TRAb levels were associated with both neonatal thyroid dysfunction and abnormal neurodevelopmental screening results at 24 months in offspring of mothers with GD. This association with neurodevelopmental screening results may not be explained primarily by neonatal thyroid function alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"987-995"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}