Thyroid最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic Risk Assessment Using Unstimulated Serum Thyroglobulin Level and Thyroglobulin Doubling Rate after Total Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Yasuhiro Ito, Akira Miyauchi, Masashi Yamamoto, Minoru Kihara, Naoyoshi Onoda, Akihiro Miya","doi":"10.1177/10507256251367242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10507256251367242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Thyroglobulin (Tg), stimulated or unstimulated by recombinant human thyrotropin (TSH), is a static marker of recurrent or persistent disease, and the Tg-doubling rate (Tg-DR) is a dynamic prognostic factor. This study evaluated the prognostic value of an unstimulated Tg (uTg) and Tg-DR papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective study included 1818 Tg antibody (Tg-Ab)-negative patients who underwent curative intent total thyroidectomy for PTC without distant metastasis. The uTg was measured 1-3 months post-surgery under TSH suppression (<0.1 mIU/mL). We calculated the Tg-DR for patients, of whom postoperative Tg levels could be measured three or more times under TSH suppression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-eight (4.8%) and 32 (1.8%) patients had respective local and distant recurrences (median follow-up period, 7.2 years; 25th percentile 4.7 years, 75th percentile 9.8 years). Of 1818 patients, 131 had a uTg ≥3 ng/mL and were more likely to display local and distant recurrences in univariate and multivariable analyses (<i>p</i> < 0.001). We divided 1212 patients with no adjuvant radioactive iodine treatment, of whom uTg and Tg-DR data were available, into four categories A, uTg ≥3 ng/mL and Tg-DR ≥0.33/year; B, uTg <3 ng/mL and Tg-DR ≥0.33/year; C, uTg ≥3 ng/mL and Tg-DR <0.33/year; and D, uTg <3 ng/mL and Tg-DR <0.33/year. The lymph node recurrence-free survival rate was significantly worse from category A to D (A vs. B, <i>p</i> < 0.001, hazard ratio or HR [CI]: 5.083 [1.994-12.955]; B vs. C, <i>p</i> = 0.001, HR [CI]: 2.654 [1.462-4.824]; C vs. D, <i>p</i> < 0.001, HR [CI]: 27.420 [15.100-4.980]). The distant recurrence-free survival rate (DR-FS) of category B did not differ from that of category C (<i>p</i> = 0.419), but DR-FS of category D was better (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than those of B and C, and that of category A tended to be worse (<i>p</i> = 0.087) compared with those of B and C. Patients in category A, categories B and C, and category D could thus be classified as high-risk, intermediate-risk, and low-risk for distant recurrence, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study demonstrates the prognostic value of postoperative uTg and Tg-DR in Tg-Ab-negative patients with PTC under TSH suppression after total thyroidectomy. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Matthew D Ringel, Julie Ann Sosa, Zubair Baloch, Lindsay Bischoff, Gary Bloom, Gregory A Brent, Pamela L Brock, Roger Chou, Robert R Flavell, Whitney Goldner, Elizabeth G Grubbs, Megan Haymart, Steven M Larson, Angela M Leung, Joseph Osborne, John A Ridge, Bruce Robinson, David L Steward, Ralph P Tufano, Lori J Wirth","doi":"10.1177/10507256251363120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10507256251363120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most prevalent cancer of thyroid and is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the United States. The practice guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) for DTC management in adult patients (previously combined with thyroid nodules) were published initially in 1996, with subsequent revisions based on advances in the field. The goal of this update is to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, and those involved in health policy with rigorous, comprehensive, and contemporary guidelines to assist in the management of adult patients with DTC, emphasizing the patient journey beginning with a thyroid cancer diagnosis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The questions addressed were based, in part, on prior versions of the guidelines, with input from a larger, more diverse complement of stakeholders. The panel included members from multiple specialties involved in thyroid cancer care, including a patient advocate and an expert in systematic reviews/meta-analyses/guidelines who educated and supported task force members. The panel conducted systematic literature reviews to inform the recommendations and commissioned two additional systematic reviews. Published English-language articles were eligible for inclusion, with a final search date of July 1, 2024. A modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used for critical appraisal of evidence and determining the quality of data. The guidelines panel had editorial independence from the ATA. Competing interests of task force members were pre-vetted, regularly updated, communicated with task force members, and assessed and managed by ATA leadership and the Clinical Practice Guidelines and Statements Committee. <b><i>Results:</i></b> These revised guidelines begin with the initial cancer diagnosis and continue with recommendations for staging and risk assessment, initial treatment decisions, assessment of treatment responses, monitoring approaches, diagnostic testing, and subsequent therapies based on the strength of evidence for response and consideration of side effects and outcomes. Patient-reported outcomes and identified areas of need for additional high-quality research are highlighted. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These revised evidence-based recommendations inform clinical decision-making in the management of DTC that reflect the changing science and optimize the evidence-based clinical care of patients throughout their journey with DTC. Critical areas of need for additional research are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":"35 8","pages":"841-985"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules with Preoperatively Detected <i>TERT</i> Promoter Mutations in the Absence of <i>BRAF^V600E</i>: A Bi-Center Series of 52 Cases.","authors":"Bayan A Alzumaili, Ryan Instrum, Anas Alabkaa, Peter M Sadow, Michael R Tuttle, Bin Xu, Luc G T Morris, Ronald A Ghossein","doi":"10.1177/10507256251363450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10507256251363450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Mutations in the promoter region of <i>TERT</i> (<i>TERTp</i>) in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology are quoted to confer a high (∼80-95%) probability for thyroid carcinoma when detected on genomic classifier (GC) ThyroSeq. <i>TERTp</i> mutations may also occur in benign and low-risk thyroid neoplasms, and the risk of malignancy (ROM) in nodules harboring <i>TERTp</i> mutations without <i>BRAF^V600E</i> is unknown. We analyzed the ROM and the surgical diagnosis in a retrospective cohort of thyroid nodules with <i>TERTp</i> treated at two academic medical centers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> From 2323 patients with ThyroSeq GC performed on preoperative fine needle aspiration samples, 52 cases (2.3%) were identified harboring <i>TERTp</i> mutations without coexisting <i>BRAF^V600E</i>. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The surgical diagnosis was obtained from resection (<i>n</i> = 51) or biopsy (<i>n</i> = 1, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma). The ROM was 65%. The reviewed diagnoses were benign/low-risk neoplasms in 18 (35%), carcinoma-American Thyroid Association (ATA) low/intermediate-risk in 14 (27%), and carcinoma-ATA high-risk in 20 (38.5%). All 18 benign or low-risk neoplasms had their tumor capsule submitted entirely, and 78% underwent total thyroidectomy. The molecular alterations were substratified into four groups: <i>TERTp</i> alone (<i>n</i> = 21, 40%), <i>TERTp</i> + <i>RAS</i> (<i>n</i> = 18, 35%), <i>TERTp</i> + other non-<i>RAS</i> mutation (<i>n</i> = 8, 15%), and <i>TERTp</i> + <i>RAS</i> + other alterations (<i>n</i> = 5, 10%), and the ROM for each group was 57%, 78%, 50%, and 80%, respectively. The frequency of a high-risk malignancy, which would often lead to a recommendation for total thyroidectomy, was 9.5%, 44.5%, 37.5%, and 80%, respectively. The frequency of high-risk carcinomas was significantly higher when a nodule harbored <i>TERTp</i> and other concomitant alterations (48%) compared with <i>TERTp</i> alone (9.5%; <i>p</i> = 0.006). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Thirty five percent of <i>TERTp</i> nodules without <i>BRAF^V600E</i> are benign/low-risk thyroid neoplasms, leading to their overtreatment. The incidence of high-risk carcinomas increases in <i>TERTp</i>-mutated nodules with the presence of additional mutations. If the indolent histology found in these lesions is confirmed at the behavior level, lobectomy may be sufficient for the initial management of <i>TERTp</i> thyroid nodules without <i>BRAF^V600E</i> as long as there is no aggressive clinical or imaging feature. This will spare many patients from the side effects of total thyroidectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated with Lenvatinib: Results from Real-World Practice in Japan.","authors":"Ryutaro Onaga, Tomohiro Enokida, Nobukazu Tanaka, Yuta Hoshi, Takuma Kishida, Ryo Kuboki, Masanobu Sato, Naohiro Takeshita, Hideki Tanaka, Takao Fujisawa, Susumu Okano, Hiroshi Nishino, Makoto Ito, Makoto Tahara","doi":"10.1089/thy.2025.0040","DOIUrl":"10.1089/thy.2025.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Although accumulated experience with lenvatinib in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and progressive radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory disease has been used to improve management strategies for this disease, findings regarding the actual clinical picture and long-term observation data are insufficient. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with DTC who received lenvatinib treatment from 2011 to 2022 at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan. The patients were treated under the following treatment and management policies (1) starting dose at 24 mg/day, (2) schedule modification according to individual adverse events status (planned drug holidays), (3) dose escalation of lenvatinib, and (4) local therapy at disease progression, if applicable. This is a retrospective cohort study, although some patients were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial (NCT01321554 and UMIN000022243). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 91 patients, 59 (64.8%) had papillary carcinoma and 22 (24.2%) had follicular carcinoma. Best overall response in all patients was 60.4% (partial response in 55 and complete response in 0). With a median observation period of 2.9 years (range, 0.1-12.4; interquartile range, 1.7-4.6) under supportive management, including the planned drug holidays (<i>n</i> = 72, 79.1%), dose escalation of lenvatinib at systemic disease progression (<i>n</i> = 21, 23.1%), and local therapy for oligoprogressive disease (<i>n</i> = 11, 12.1%), median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2.4 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-3.3) and 5.1 years (95% CI 3.3-6.7), respectively. At the time of data cutoff, 19.8% had discontinued lenvatinib treatment due to adverse events, although no adverse event was grade 5. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In patients with RAI-refractory DTC treated with lenvatinib, careful treatment optimization and management of adverse events contribute to a favorable, durable prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"781-788"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the Slide Knows the Sequence: Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Pathology Predicts Mutations in Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Carl Christofer Juhlin","doi":"10.1089/thy.2025.0335","DOIUrl":"10.1089/thy.2025.0335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"714-715"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Thyroid Hormone Replacement, Baseline Thyrotropin, and Survival in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Thyroid Dysfunction.","authors":"Duaa Abdallah, Jake Johnson, Fang Qiu, Whitney Goldner, Apar Kishor Ganti, Anupam Kotwal","doi":"10.1089/thy.2025.0076","DOIUrl":"10.1089/thy.2025.0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Thyroid dysfunction (TD) occurs commonly from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) cancer therapy, but questions remain regarding its predicting factors, appropriate dosing for thyroid hormone replacement, and the strength of association with overall survival (OS). We aim to address these three questions in our study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with cancer who received ICIs from December 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. After excluding 28 patients with preexisting primary hypothyroidism, 811 patients were evaluated for the development of new-onset ICI-TD. Kaplan-Meier survival and log-rank tests were used to compare OS distributions between ICI-TD status groups, following which Cox regression models addressed immortal time bias (ITB). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 811 included patients with a median follow-up of 19.2 months, 122 (15.0%) patients developed ICI-TD. The median age at initiation of ICIs was 64.8 years; women comprised 42.8% of the cohort. There were no significant differences in age, sex, race, malignancy type, or personal history of autoimmunity in patients who developed ICI-TD versus those who did not. ICI-TD occurred most frequently after combination ICI therapy (32%) compared with CTLA-4 ICI and PD-1/PD-L1 ICI monotherapy (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The median levothyroxine dose was the highest, being 1.41 mcg/kg/day in the overt hypothyroidism group. Patients with ICI-TD had a higher median pre-treatment log2(thyrotropin or TSH) level (1.2, corresponding to TSH 2.3 mIU/L) versus those without (0.79, corresponding to TSH 1.7 mIU/L; <i>p</i> = 0.008); however, the area under the curve was <0.6, hence lacking predictive ability. The survival benefit of ICI-TD was not apparent after addressing ITB and adjusting for other variables affecting patient outcomes. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The levothyroxine dose needed for overt hypothyroidism from ICI-TD is similar to athyreotic hypothyroidism. While baseline TSH in the upper normal range is associated with an increased risk of ICI-TD, there is no absolute baseline TSH value that accurately predicts ICI-TD in the clinical setting. The link between ICI-TD and OS needs further validation after accounting for ITB.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"730-737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter:</i> Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Following Semaglutide-Associated Weight Loss.","authors":"Ilaria Giordani, Gerasimos P Sykiotis","doi":"10.1089/thy.2025.0145","DOIUrl":"10.1089/thy.2025.0145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"836-837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Carcinoma in Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome: Case Series and Review of Literature.","authors":"Sonal Vaid, Elias Chuki, Padmasree Veeraraghavan, Mikolaj Jedlinski-Obrzut, Khulood Bukhari, Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, Sriram Gubbi","doi":"10.1089/thy.2024.0641","DOIUrl":"10.1089/thy.2024.0641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Thyroid cancer (TC) is infrequently encountered in Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome. We describe three BHD patients with TC and review the relevant literature. <b><i>Patient Findings:</i></b> Patient 1, a 55-year-old male with BHD, developed dedifferentiated oncocytic TC with distant metastases, requiring systemic therapy and radiation. Genetic testing revealed pathogenic variants (PVs) in <i>FLCN</i>, <i>DAXX</i>, and <i>TP53</i>. Patient 2, a 51-year-old female, and her 30-year-old daughter (patient 3) were diagnosed with papillary TC and treated with surgery and radioiodine. Tumor testing in patient 3 demonstrated PV in <i>BRAF</i> (<i>V600E</i>). Gene query analysis (<i>n</i> = 2285 patients) identified 2% <i>FLCN</i> PV prevalence in sporadic TCs, but the prevalence increased to 23% in anaplastic TCs. Literature review revealed 15 TC cases in BHD with diverse clinical presentations. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> TCs are rare in BHD. <i>FLCN</i> PVs may not be the sole molecular drivers in TCs but may have a substantial role in the development of aggressive TCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":"35 7","pages":"828-835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Correction to</i>: Pralsetinib in Patients with Advanced/Metastatic Rearranged During Transfection (RET)-Altered Thyroid Cancer: Updated Efficacy and Safety Data from the ARROW Study'' by Subbiah et al. <i>Thyroid 2024;34(1):26-40</i>; doi: 10.1089/thy.2023.0363.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/thy.2023.0363.correx","DOIUrl":"10.1089/thy.2023.0363.correx","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"839"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Adverse Events During Treatment for Advanced Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Thomas J Roberts, Lori J Wirth","doi":"10.1089/thy.2024.0755","DOIUrl":"10.1089/thy.2024.0755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The management of advanced thyroid cancer has rapidly evolved as several multikinase, and gene-specific inhibitors have substantially improved survival for patients with most types of thyroid cancer. Optimizing management of the treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) from these medications is important to improve quality of life and outcomes for patients with thyroid cancer. This narrative review discusses common and clinically significant TRAEs of treatments for thyroid cancer and effective management approaches. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Published literature was reviewed to summarize available information on the incidence of TRAEs with medications used to treat thyroid cancer and management approaches for these TRAEs. There are common TRAEs across many treatments for advanced thyroid cancer including fatigue, hypertension, gastrointestinal toxicities, rashes, and hand-foot syndrome. Additionally, several other TRAEs with thyroid cancer treatments are significant because of their frequency with specific medications (e.g., pyrexia syndrome) or their severity (e.g., thromboembolic events and cardiac impairment). Data from clinical trials and real-world data along with expert guidelines and insights from experienced clinicians can guide management approaches for many of these TRAEs. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The toxicity profiles are well established for treatments for advanced thyroid cancer, there are evidence-based management approaches for many commonly encountered scenarios. Following these approaches to optimizing management of TRAEs can improve the quality of life and outcomes for patients with thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23016,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid","volume":" ","pages":"716-729"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}