Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy to delay the progression of diabetic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes: past, present and future","authors":"Ritwika Mallik, T. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1177/20420188221081601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221081601","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with diabetes, and is one of the most important causes of end stage renal disease worldwide. In order to reduce progression of DKD, important management goals include treatment of hypertension, glycaemia and control of cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids, diet, smoking and exercise. Use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers has an established role in prevention of progression of DKD. A number of other agents such as endothelin-1 receptor antagonists and bardoxolone have had disappointing results. Recent studies have, however, suggested that newer antidiabetic agents such as sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues have specific beneficial effects in patients with DKD. Indeed most recent guidance suggest that SGLT-2i drugs should be used early in DKD, irrespective of glucose control. A number of pathways are hypothesised for the development and progression of DKD, and have opened up a number of newer potential therapeutic targets. This article aims to discuss management of DKD with respect to seminal trials from the past, more recent trials informing the present and potential new therapeutic options that may be available in the future.","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing height gain in children born small for gestational age treated with recombinant growth hormone: what extent is puberty involved?","authors":"Ramón Arroyo Ruiz, Aránzazu Ballester Pérez, I. Leiva-Gea, MªJosé Martínez-Aedo, J. López-Siguero","doi":"10.1177/20420188221083534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221083534","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective was to analyze the efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in children born small for gestational age (SGA) without catch-up growth treated before the onset of puberty, with follow-up until adult height. The influence of demographic and auxological factors on the final response evaluated as adult height and height gain was assessed. Patients and methods: A prospective longitudinal observational study performed in a tertiary hospital, involving SGA patients, who started treatment with rhGH between October 2003 and April 2015. Potential response predictors were evaluated by multiple regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: Of the initial 96 patients included, 61 patients (28 boys and 33 girls) reached adult height. Adult height gain in standard deviation (SDS) was 0.99 (0.8) and 1.49 (0.94), respectively (p < 0.05). An adult height greater than −2 SDS was reached in 75% of the girls but only in 53% of the boys. The pubertal height gain was 22.6 (5.8) cm in boys and 18.8 (4.5) cm in girls. The multiple regression model obtained for total height gain explained 42% of the variability in this variable including sex, height gain during the first year, and the difference from target height at the start of treatment. A first-year height gain of 0.69 SDS was the optimal point for assessing a final height gain greater than 1.5 SDS with a specificity of 70% and a sensitivity of 71%. Conclusion: Most SGA patients achieve normalization of height above −2 SD, the percentage being higher in girls. According to our predictive model, height gain in the first year is the most important variable for predicting good response to treatment. During puberty, there is a loss of height SDS, probably due to a lower total pubertal gain with respect to the reference population, which is more marked in boys.","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47814168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in kidney transplant recipients: what is the evidence?","authors":"Aditi Ujjawal, Brittany Schreiber, Ashish Verma","doi":"10.1177/20420188221090001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221090001","url":null,"abstract":"Several recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the wide clinical application of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in improving kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with native kidney disease. In April 2021, Dapagliflozin became the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) regardless of diabetic status. However, while these agents have drawn much acclaim for their cardiovascular and nephroprotective effects among patients with native kidney disease, little is known about the safety and efficacy of SGLT2i in the kidney transplant setting. Many of the mechanisms by which SGLT2i exert their benefit stand to prove equally as efficacious or more so among kidney transplant recipients as they have in patients with CKD. However, safety concerns have excluded transplant recipients from all large RCTs, and clinicians and patients alike are left to wonder if the benefits of these amazing drugs outweigh the risks. In this review, we will discuss the known mechanisms SGLT2i exploit to provide their beneficial effects, the potential benefits, and risks of these agents in the context of kidney transplantation, and finally, we will discuss current findings of the published literature for SGLT2i use in kidney transplant recipients and propose potential directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48988708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global burden of thyroid cancer in high-income Asia-Pacific: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study","authors":"Yike Li, Yinqiong Huang, Xuemei He, Cheng Han, Wei Wu, Hui Shen, Yanbing Xu, Yazhuo Liu, Zizhao Zhu","doi":"10.1177/20420188221090012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221090012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid cancer has become increasingly prevalent and threatens human health. Few studies have explored the incidence of thyroid cancer in Asia and its relationship with social-progress factors. Methods: We analyzed Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 data specific to thyroid cancer. Incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates were used to evaluate the burden of thyroid cancer. Results: The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates per 100,000 population were 1.34% (95% UI, 2.44–3.07), 2.79% (95% UI, 18.82–23.77) and 16.49% (95% UI, 14.6–18), respectively, for all of Asia in 2019. In 2019, the DALY rate of thyroid cancer in the High-income Asia-Pacific region was the highest and mortality due to thyroid cancer in the High-income Asia-Pacific region was also the highest. The growth trend of DALYs in the High-income Asia-Pacific region was much steeper than those in other Asian regions. In all Asian regions and in the High-income Asia-Pacific region, the incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY rates of thyroid cancer in female patients were drastically higher than those in male patients. Among Asian patients with thyroid cancer, the DALY rate was higher in men aged 80–89 years than in women. The DALY rate gradually increased with age. In the High-income Asia-Pacific region, the mortality rate of patients with thyroid cancer decreased with age. The prevalence was highest in those aged 40–79 years. Conclusion: The disease burden of thyroid cancer in the High-income Asia-Pacific region was significantly higher than those in other regions, which may be due to overdiagnosis. The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer seems to indicate that thyroid cancer is still a public health problem in Asia. Therefore, some health policy adjustments will be meaningful.","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49231744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the weight bias of professionals working in the field of obesity with a mobile IAT: a pilot study","authors":"Tobias Jungnickel, U. von Jan, S. Engeli, U. Albrecht","doi":"10.1177/20420188221098881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221098881","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is common in many industrialized nations and often accompanied by related health issues. Furthermore, individuals living with overweight or obesity are often confronted with stigmatization in their daily lives. These problems may be aggravated if the objectivity of health care professionals is compromised due to (unconscious) prejudices. If pharmaceutical companies, regulatory agencies, and health insurers are also susceptible to these biases, decisions related to the development, approval, and reimbursement of obesity-related therapies may be negatively impacted. Materials and Methods: The ‘Implicit Association Test’ (IAT) is a psychometric test allowing to measure these attitudes and could therefore assist to reveal unconscious preferences. A self-developed mobile version, in the form of a ResearchKit-based IAT app was employed in the presented study. The objective was to determine (potential) weight bias and its characteristics for professionals attending a national obesity-related conference in Germany (G1), compared to a control group (without stated interest in the topic, G2) – both using the mobile app – and a historical control (G3) based on data provided by Project Implicit acquired by a web app. Results: Explicit evaluations of G1 were neutral at a higher percentage compared with G2 and G3, while implicit preference toward lean individuals did not differ significantly between G2 and G3, and G1. Conclusion: The greater discrepancy between the (more neutral) explicit attitude and the unconscious preference pointing in the anti-obesity direction could indicate an underestimated bias for the professional participants in G1. Implicit preference is often ingrained from childhood on, and difficult to overcome. Thus, even for professionals, it may unconsciously influence decisions made in the care they provide. Professionals in any given health care sector directed at obesity care should thus be made aware of this inconsistency to enable them to consciously counteract this potential effect.","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45397757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative glycemic status is linked to postoperative complications in non-intensive care unit patients with type-2 diabetes: a retrospective study","authors":"Takeshi Oba, Mototsugu Nagao, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Yuji Yamaguchi, Tomoko Nagamine, Kyoko Tanimura-Inagaki, I. Fukuda, H. Sugihara","doi":"10.1177/20420188221099349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221099349","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perioperative hyperglycemia is a risk factor for postoperative complications in the general population. However, it has not been clarified whether perioperative hyperglycemia increases postoperative complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Therefore, we aimed to analyze the relationship between perioperative glycemic status and postoperative complications in non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) hospitalized patients with T2D. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 1217 patients with T2D who were admitted to the non-ICU in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Relationships between clinical characteristics including perioperative glycemic status and postoperative complications were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Perioperative glycemic status was evaluated by calculating the mean, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) of blood glucose (BG) measurements in preoperative and postoperative periods for three contiguous days before and after surgery, respectively. Postoperative complications were defined as infections, delayed wound healing, postoperative bleeding, and/or thrombosis. Results: Postoperative complications occurred in 139 patients (11.4%). These patients showed a lower BG immediately before surgery (P = 0.04) and a higher mean postoperative BG (P = 0.009) than those without postoperative complications. There were no differences in the other perioperative BG parameters including BG variability and the frequency of hypoglycemia. The multivariate analysis showed that BG immediately before surgery (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]), 0.91 (0.85–0.98), P = 0.01) and mean postoperative BG (1.11 (1.05–1.18), P < 0.001) were independently associated with postoperative complications. Conclusion: Perioperative glycemic status, that is, a low BG immediately before surgery and a high mean postoperative BG, are associated with the increased incidence of postoperative complications in non-ICU patients with T2D.","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43423920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone health in transgender people: a narrative review","authors":"G. Giacomelli, M. Meriggiola","doi":"10.1177/20420188221099346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221099346","url":null,"abstract":"Bone health in transmen and transwomen is an important issue that needs to be evaluated by clinicians. Prior to gender-affirming hormone treatment (GAHT), transwomen have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of osteopenia than cismen probably related to external factors, such as hypovitaminosis D and less physical activities. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues in transgender youth may cause bone loss; however, the addition of GAHT restores or at least improves BMD in both transboys and transgirls. The maintenance or increase in BMD shown in short-term longitudinal studies emphasizes that GAHT does not have a negative effect on BMD in adult transwomen and transmen. Gonadectomy is not a risk factor if GAHT is taken correctly. The prevalence of fractures in the transgender population seems to be the same as in the general population but more studies are required on this aspect. To evaluate the risk of osteoporosis, it is mandatory to define the most appropriate reference group not only taking into consideration the medical aspects but also in respect of the selected gender identity of each person.","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41406652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcitonin: current concepts and differential diagnosis","authors":"A. Kiriakopoulos, Periklis Giannakis, Evangelos I Menenakos","doi":"10.1177/20420188221099344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221099344","url":null,"abstract":"Calcitonin (CT) is most effectively produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. It acts through the calcitonin receptor (CTR), a seven-transmembrane class II G-protein-coupled receptor linked to multiple signal transduction pathways with its main secretagogues being calcium and gastrin. It is clinically used mostly in the diagnosis and follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Hypercalcitoninemia can be attributed to primary (e.g. CT-secreting tumor) or secondary (e.g. due to hypercalcemia) overproduction, underexcretion (e.g. renal insufficiency), drug reaction (e.g. β-blockers), or false-positive results. In clinical practice, elevated basal calcitonin (bCT) is indicative, but not pathognomonic, of MTC. Current literature leans toward an age as well as gender-specific cutoff approach. bCT >100 pg/ml has up to 100% positive prognostic value (PPV) for MTC, whereas bCT between 8 and 100 pg/ml for adult males and 6 and 80 pg/ml for adult females should be possibly further investigated with stimulation calcitonin (sCT) tests. Calcium is showing similar efficacy with pentagastrin (Pg) sCT; however, the real value of these provocative tests has been disputed given the availability of new, highly sensitive CT immunoassays. Anyhow, evidence concludes that sCT <2 times bCT may not be suggestive of MTC, in which case, thyroid in addition to whole body workup based on clinical evaluation is further warranted. Moreover, measurement of basal and stimulated procalcitonin has been proposed as an emerging concept in this clinical scenario. Measuring bCT levels in patients with thyroid nodules as a screening tool for MTC remains another controversial topic. It has been well established, though, that bCT levels raise the sensitivity of FNAB (Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy) and correlate with disease progression both pre- and postoperatively in this situation. There have been numerous reports about extrathyroidal neoplasms that express CT. Pancreatic, laryngeal, and lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are most frequently associated with hypercalcitoninemia, but CT production has also been described in various other neoplasms such as duodenal, esophageal, cutaneous, and paranasal NENs as well as prostate, colon, breast, and lung non-NENs. This review outlines the current biosynthetic and physiology concepts about CT and presents up-to-date information regarding the differential diagnosis of its elevation in various clinical situations.","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45374971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of pheochromocytoma associated with liver abscess and intestinal pseudo-obstruction.","authors":"Mikiko Okazaki-Hada,&nbsp;Izumi Fukuda,&nbsp;Ryuta Nagaoka,&nbsp;Mototsugu Nagao,&nbsp;Takehito Igarashi,&nbsp;Shunsuke Kobayashi,&nbsp;Takeshi Oba,&nbsp;Yuji Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Tomoko Nagamine,&nbsp;Iwao Sugitani,&nbsp;Hitoshi Sugihara","doi":"10.1177/20420188221139652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221139652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pheochromocytomas can present with various symptoms. Nonspecific manifestations of pheochromocytoma include intestinal pseudo-obstruction and weight loss. Here, we present a case of pheochromocytoma in which prolonged intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to excess catecholamines was one of the factors leading to the development of a liver abscess. An 18-year-old male patient with a history of status epilepticus and severe intellectual disability was transferred to our hospital for a thorough examination of fever and constipation that had lasted for 2 months. When admitted to our hospital, he had fever, and his body mass index was 9.5 kg/m². Upon comprehensive examination of the patient's fever, the blood culture was found positive for <i>Bacteroides</i>. Computed tomography showed findings of intestinal pseudo-obstruction and a low density region in the liver that indicated a liver abscess. Imaging studies also revealed a right adrenal mass and endocrinological test showed elevated plasma norepinephrine and urine normetanephrine levels. In addition, the right adrenal mass showed uptake on ¹²³I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. These findings led to a definite diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. The patient was eventually diagnosed with a pheochromocytoma coexisting with a liver abscess. After treating the liver abscess with antibiotics and ultrasound-guided drainage, an adrenalectomy was performed. The pathological findings were consistent with pheochromocytoma. Postoperatively, the catecholamine excess normalized and intestinal pseudo-obstruction and weight loss improved. We suspected that prolonged intestinal pseudo-obstruction resulted in bacterial translocation and development of a liver abscess. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a pheochromocytoma associated with a liver abscess. Moreover, the clinical presentation of this patient was unusual for pheochromocytoma, as the patient did not have typical symptoms such as hypertension or tachycardia, but rather presented with constipation, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and weight loss. This case provides valuable insight regarding the impact of catecholamine excess on the intestinal tract and body weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"13 ","pages":"20420188221139652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/59/10.1177_20420188221139652.PMC9749039.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10400080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum vitamin B12 levels and glycemic fluctuation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Wei Li,&nbsp;Jing Zhao,&nbsp;Ling-Ling Zhu,&nbsp;You-Fan Peng","doi":"10.1177/20420188221102800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188221102800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to explore the correlation between serum vitamin B12 levels and glycemic fluctuation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 202 T2DM patients in whom blood glucose levels were recorded using a continuous glucose monitoring system retrospectively. Glycemic fluctuation was determined using the average daily risk range (ADRR), a diabetes-specific measure of the risk for hyper- and hypoglycemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum vitamin B12 levels were higher in T2DM patients with wider glycemic fluctuations than in those with minor glycemic fluctuations (<i>p</i> < 0.001). We observed a positive correlation between serum vitamin B12 levels and ADRR in both T2DM patients who received and did not receive metformin therapy (<i>r</i> = 0.388, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>r</i> = 0.280, <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum vitamin B12 levels were independently correlated with ADRR in T2DM patients who received and did not receive metformin therapy (beta = 0.367, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and beta = 0.410, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum vitamin B12 levels are correlated with glycemic fluctuation in patients with T2DM and may serve as an underlying useful biomarker of glycemic fluctuation in T2DM patients, treated with or without metformin therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22998,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"13 ","pages":"20420188221102800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/72/10.1177_20420188221102800.PMC9168854.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10308239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}