The professional medical journal最新文献

{"title":"A comparative study on intraoperative complication with posterior vitrectorhexis versus forcepsorhexis before implantation of intraocular lens in children.","authors":"Naeem Akhtar Katpar, Dur-e-yakta Durghahi, Z. Gopang, Shabeer Ahmed Bhutto, Safder Ali Abbasi, Prince Aakash Gul","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8142","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare intraoperative complications in manual posterior capsulorhexis (forcepsorhexis) and posterior vitrectorhexis, before implantation of the IOL in patients of paediatric cataract surgery. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Shaheed Mohtarma Banazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana. Period: July 2021 to June 2022. Methods: Our study included patients within the age range of 1-12 years who were diagnosed with congenital cataract and did not exhibit any other abnormalities in the anterior or posterior segments. A comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic examination was conducted, and the patients were categorized into two groups: Group A for Forceps Capsulorhexis and Group B for Posterior Vitrectorhexis. Results: There were a total of 154 cases of paediatric cataracts that underwent surgical procedures known as Posterior capsulorhexis (forcepsorhexis) and posterior vitrectorhexis. Both groups had participants with ages ranging from 1 year to 12 years, with a minimum age of 1 year. The mean age for the Forceps Capsulorhexis group was 6.1+1.8 years, while the mean age for the Posterior Vitrectorhexis group was 6.9+1.3 years. The outcomes during surgery showed that in the Forceps Capsulorhexis group, 60 patients (77.92%) had organization of the capsular bag, while in the Posterior Vitrectorhexis group, 49 patients (63.63%) had organization of the capsular bag. Additionally, 55 patients (71.42%) in the Forceps Capsulorhexis group experienced vitreous thrust into the anterior chamber, compared to 66 patients (85.71%) in the Posterior Vitrectorhexis group. Conclusion: The safety and effectiveness of Forceps capsulorhexis as a treatment for paediatric cataract surpasses that of the posterior vitrectorhexis procedure, as concluded by our study.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenoma detection rate as a quality indicator for colonoscopy.","authors":"Naik Muhammad, Mansoor-Ul-Haq, Tauqeer Shaikh, A. Hashmi","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8019","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the quality of colonoscopy in terms of adenoma detection rate in the existing local settings. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: February 2022 to August 2022. Methods: We analyzed patients having age 18 years or older, of any gender, and who had colonoscopy indications and were required to have a screening colonoscopy for diagnostic purposes. The number of procedures with at least one polyp or adenoma was classified as the polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). Result: Total 210 patients were enrolled into the study with median age of 41.5 (29.8-56.3) years and majority were males (n=46, 69.5%). The most frequent indication for colonoscopy was constipation (n=72, 34.3%) followed by bleeding (n=78, 37.1%), chronic diarrhea (n=36, 17.1%), both constipation and diarrhea (n=21, 10%) and altered bowel habits (n=3, 1.4%). PDR and ADR were 16.2% (n=34) and 10% (n=21) respectively. Age was significantly higher among patients who were found to have polyp (p<0.001) and adenomas (p<0.001). Frequency of polyps (p=0.010) and adenomas (p=0.007) were significantly higher in male patients. Conclusion: The current research discovered a low rate of adenoma detection in people receiving colorectal cancer screening, and it did not meet the quality benchmarks that have been associated with higher rates of early diagnosis and cancer prevention.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"136 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities presenting to the OPD in tertiary care hospital.","authors":"Nousheen Irshad, S. Naseeb, S. Shaikh, S. Kazi, S. Iftikhar, Adiya Dossal","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8034","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities presenting to the OPD in tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Outpatients Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ward 8, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: July 30, 2021 to January 29, 2022. Methods: All patients who met the inclusion criteria and visited JPMC, Karachi were enrolled in the study. After providing a thorough explanation of the procedure, risks, and benefits of the study, informed consent was obtained. The study involved conducting detailed history and examination, as well as recommending relevant laboratory investigations such as thyroid and ultrasound pelvic/TVS profiles. Results: 150 women of thyroid disorders in patients with menstrual irregularities were included with mean age was 33.72±7.62 years, mean height was 1.69±0.07 meter, mean weight was 76.60±12.70 kg, mean BMI was 26.78±4.13 kg/m2, mean parity was 2.84±2.05 and mean duration of menstrual irregularity was 0.82±0.07 days. Positive family history of thyroid disorder was found to be in 15 (10.0%). Positive history of thyroid surgery was noted in 26 (17.3%) patients. Thyroid disorder was noted in 57 (38.0%) cases. In distribution for type of thyroid disorder, subclinical hypothyroidism was noted in 37 (64.9%), 9 (15.8%) overt hypothyroidism, 11 (19.3%) subclinical hyperthyroidism while overt hyperthyroidism was noted in 0 (0.0%). In distribution of menstrual complain, amenorrhea was noted in 3 (5.3%), 3 (5.3%) oligomenorrhea, 7 (12.3%) metrorrhagia, 32 (56.1%) menorrhagia while polymenorrhea were noted in 12 (21.1%) cases. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that thyroid disorder is frequently observed in patients experiencing menstrual irregularities, as indicated by the study. However, further research is required to validate these finding.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140781003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of hospital acquired malnutrition at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.","authors":"Hina Rajani, Misbah Anjum","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8040","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of hospital acquired malnutrition in hospitalized pediatric population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: January 2023 to June 2023. Methods: The inclusion criteria were children (irrespective of gender) aged between 1 and 12 years who were admitted for at least 48 hours. Weight of the children was measured daily from the time of admission to discharge. The hospital-acquired malnutrition rate was determined by dividing the patients with decreased weight-for-height (WFH) or body mass index (BMI) z-scores by total samples, then multiplying by 100. Results: In a total of 367 children, the mean age was 6.4±2.8 years whereas 203 (55.4%) children were boys. Hospital stays ranged from 2 to 19 days, with a mean of 18±6.9 days. At the time of discharge, the mean weight to be 17.6±6.53 kg, indicating a mean weight drop of 1.3±1.14 kg from admission to discharge. Weight reduction during hospitalization was observed in all age groups, with the highest percentage observed in children aged 2 to 5 years (77.7%) and the lowest in those aged 1 to 2 years (38.9%). Significant changes were observed in both WFH z-scores (mean difference -1.06, ± 1.69, p<0.001) for children under 60 months and BMI z-scores (mean difference -1.07, ± 4.63, p=0.023) for children over 60 months from admission to discharge. Conclusion: Hospital acquired malnutrition is common among pediatric patients and deteriorates when a child is hospitalized without attention to adequate nutritional support. Weight loss shows direct correlation with duration of hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of chronic sacroiliac joint pain using Conventional Radiofrequency (CRF) and Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF): A randomized control study.","authors":"Tayyaba Wasim, Syed Mehmood, Zahra Asad, Anum Zeb, Muhammad Oun, Zulqarnain Butt","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8026","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the effectiveness of conventional radiofrequency (CRF) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in treatment of chronic sacroiliac joint pain. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Period: 2nd August 2022 to 10th February 2023. Methods: A total sample of 60 patients with SIJ pain was screened for this study. This sample was divided equally but randomly into both study groups; conventional radiofrequency (CRF) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF). Pre-procedure general information on Visual analogue score (VAS) and revised Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to measure the main outcome variables; pain score and physical disability index. Post-procedure information on these two outcome variables was also recorded after 1, 3 and 6 months duration. Paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test was used to assess the effectiveness of these two treatment methods for SIJ pain treatment. Results: The mean pain score in the conventional radiofrequency (CRF) group was reduced to 3.02 ± 0.9 from 8.02 ± 1.13 which is more substantial and statistically significant than pulsed radiofrequency where it was 4.2± 1.31 from 7.98 ± 1.20. Similarly, the conventional radiofrequency (CRF) group showed better performance on average scores of the ODI index (20.2± 6.9) as compared to pulsed radiofrequency (31.2± 8.9) in reducing physical disability in SIJ patients. Conclusion: This study concludes that the existing conventional radiofrequency (CRF) method of treatment can be effectively used in treatment of SIJ with its slight complications.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"350 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reliability of a short scale PHQ-2 for screening depression among Pakistani medical students.","authors":"O. Kareem, Bushra Ijaz, Musarrat Jahan, Sana Baber, Ahmad Khan, Yasir Bashir","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8064","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the reliability of a short scale i.e: PHQ-2 in medical students. Study Design: Cross-sectional Descriptive. Setting: Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. Period: 25-10-23 to 25-11-23. Methods: 159 Pakistani medical college students were selected through convenience sampling technique. Participants completed two scales, namely the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSSI). The collected data from both scales were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The analysis included assessing the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) scores and its items in comparison with the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSSI). Results: The average PHQ-2 score observed was (2.14 ± 1.69 standard deviation). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was (α = 0.72), indicating a high level of PHQ-2 internal items consistency. PHQ-2 showed a significant correlation with the Beck Suicide Ideation (BSSI) at (r=.48), indicating good construct reliability. Conclusion: The PHQ-2 scale appeared as a reliable scale for screening depression and it can be used for assessing depression and suicidal ideations in academic settings of Pakistan. However, its complementation with PHQ-9 is recommended for clinical use. ","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140775521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quadratus lumborum block in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: A single center study.","authors":"Waqas Anjum, Abdul Rehman, Ayesha Saleem, Muhammad Ayyub Anjum, Shahbaz Hussain, Mubashar Abrar","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.7996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.7996","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of QL block in patients undergoing laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair. Study Design: Randomized Clinical Trial. Setting: Kalsoom International Hospital, Islamabad. Period: Dec 2022 to June 2023. Methods: In this, all patients between the ages of 18 and 70 who were scheduled for laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair to repair a one-sided inguinal hernia and did not have any complications related to the hernia. In one group, the patients received general anesthesia and in the other group, the patients were given sedation along with a technique called QL block. Age, gender, pain score on VAS at 1 hours, 6 hour and 12 hours after procedure was noted. Comparison of pain according to the VAS by type of anesthesia was done between the two groups and independent sample t-test was applied to see the statistical significant. Results: The patients' mean age was 43 + 9.09 years. Around 70% of the patients were males, while 30% were females, indicating a male predominance. The study's outcome was the mean pain score after 1 hour, 6 hours, and 12 hours. The two techniques of anesthesia utilized in the two groups were compared in terms of pain. The mean VAS at 1 hour after the initiation of anesthesia was not significantly different between the two groups, but it was statistically significant at 6 and 12 hours (p value of 0.001). Conclusion: QL block is a safe and effective alternative for patients undergoing TEP inguinal repair because to the observed reduction in early postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, and cheaper anesthetic and hospital costs. Although our research showed that pain was significantly reduced for up to 12 hours after the operation, more information is needed before we can confidently endorse it for widespread use.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compare the surgical outcome of Fistulectomy and Mucoal advancement flap in perianal fistula.","authors":"Mudassar Jabeen, Shahbaz Ahmed, Nida Firdous, Samia Rasool","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8033","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the fistulectomy with mucosal advancement flap in treatment of perianal fistula in terms of mean hospital stay, frequency of anal incontinence and wound healing time. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Surgical OPD, DHQ and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 1st March 2019 to 28 February 2020. Methods: Conducted on 120 (60 in each group) patients with fistula in ano presenting. Sampling technique was Non probability consecutive sampling. All the Patient age ranges from 20-55 years of either gender having perianal fistula which are low lying fistulas and with single external opening are included in study. Patients having perianal abscess, pilonidal sinus, Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative colitis) or with history of tuberculosis, HIV disease, Complex high lying fistulas with multiple external openings are excluded. Results: In our study, group A underwent fistulectomy while on group B we perform mucosal advancement flap. About 56.67%(n=34) in Group A and 50%(n=30) in Group B were between 20-40 years of age while 43.33%(n=26) in Group A and 50%(n=30) in Group B were between 41-55 years of age, mean+SD was calculated as 38.78+9.07 years and 40.12+8.89 years respectively. According to gender division 86.67%(n=52) in Group A and 78.33%(n=47) in Group B were male while 13.33%(n=8) in Group A and 21.67%(n=13) in Group B were females, mean hospital stay was calculated as 93.93+4.56 hours in Group A and 107.95+4.66 hours in Group B, p value was calculated as 0.0001 showing a significant difference between the two groups. Comparison of anal incontinence in both groups was done showing that 13.33% (n=8) in Group A and 23.33%(n=14) in Group B had anal incontinence, p value was calculated as 0.15. At one month postoperative follow-up only 4 patient (6.7%) in group A showed complete wound healing while in group B 28 patients out of 60(46.6%)showed complete wound healing, P value was calculated as 0.00167 showing a significant difference while there is no significant difference in incidence of early post-operative complications. Conclusion: We concluded that hospital stay was significantly decreased in cases with fistulectomy when compared with MAF while there was no significant difference regarding anal incontinence in both groups.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"28 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140761615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmation of correct placement of nasogastric / orogastric tube on Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in pediatric critical care unit patients.","authors":"Said Jamal, Shah, Rukhsar Hussain, Fatima Hemani, Sadiq Mirza, Abdul Rahim, Humaira Jurair","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.7995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.7995","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine frequency of correct placement of nasogastric /orogastric tube on POCUS in pediatric critical care unit patients. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Setting: High Dependency Unit and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Indus Hospital Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: November 2022 to April 2023. Methods: Patients of age 1 months to 15 years of age requiring NGT placement were enrolled into the study. Patients with nasal surgery, fracture of skull base/ face, bleeding, coagulopathy, esophageal varices, stricture, upper gastrointestinal surgery were excluded from this study. NG tube was passed by principal investigator after evaluating correct size and length measurement. After passing the NG tube, gastric aspiration and gastric auscultation were also performed by principal investigator. Results: In this study we enrolled 147children with median age of patient was 3 (IQR=0.75-07) years. Majority of patient in our study were male (63.9%). Gastric aspiration and gastric auscultation was seen in all of the study patients. Based on POCUS, frequency of correct placement of nasogastric tube in children admitted in PICU was 83%. Sensitivity of POCUS against gastric aspiration and gastric auscultation was 82.5% with 100% positive predictive value (PPV). Specificity was unable compute as there was no negative finding in reference standard and hence there was also no false positive case. Conclusion: POCUS seems to be helpful and could help with the placement of NGT in paediatric clinical settings. Nevertheless, NGT envision in the stomach was difficult, and if the operator is not skilled or there is abdominal distention, it may go unnoticed.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"989 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of major congenital malformations in neonates born in three tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan.","authors":"Zartasha Sial, Madiha Fayyaz, Somayya Siddiqa, Amna Siddique, N. Malik, Haroon Rashid","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.04.8063","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the frequency of major congenital anomalies in newborns delivered in three different hospitals of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Ittefaq Hospital Lahore and HITEC-IMS Taxilla. Period: Jan 2023 to November 2023. Methods: 205 neonates who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study from labour room of Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital Lahore, Ittefaq Hospital Lahore and HITEC-IMS Taxilla. Informed consent was obtained from parents. Demographic variables (name of mother, gender, birthweight and gestational age at birth) were recorded. Then neonates were admitted in NICU and evaluated for presence of congenital malformations including cardiovascular system defects, limbs anomalies, genitourinary system, central nervous system and chromosomal anomalies. All data was entered in specially designed performa. Results: We found that overall gestational age was greater than 32 weeks with mean age of 37.190±2.00 weeks. Mean birth weight was 2.938±0.31 Kg. Frequency and %age of patients according to gender was 60% males and 40% females. Major congenital malformation was seen in 2.9% patients. Among infants with major congenital malformations, cardiovascular system defects were seen in 33.3% infants, limb anomalies 16.7%, genitourinary system 16.7% and central nervous system defects were 33.3%. Parents of 67.7% of cases were cousins. It was observed that only 32.3% of the mothers had taken the recommended daily dose of folic acid in antenatal period. Conclusion: Central nervous system and cardiovascular system defects were the most prominent anomalies detected. Prenatal diagnosis may be helpful in decreasing mortality by offering early termination.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"132 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}