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Biodiesel Synthesis Monitoring using Near Infrared Spectroscopy 生物柴油合成的近红外光谱监测
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2018-11-14 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101812010095
Estela Kamile Gelinski, Fabiane Hamerski, M. Corazza, A. Santos
{"title":"Biodiesel Synthesis Monitoring using Near Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Estela Kamile Gelinski, Fabiane Hamerski, M. Corazza, A. Santos","doi":"10.2174/1874123101812010095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101812010095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Biodiesel is a renewable fuel considered as the main substitute for fossil fuels. Its industrial production is mainly made by the transesterification reaction. In most processes, information on the production of biodiesel is essentially done by off-line measurements.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 However, for the purpose of control, where online monitoring of biodiesel conversion is required, this is not a satisfactory approach. An alternative technique to the online quantification of conversion is the near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which is fast and accurate. In this work, models for biodiesel reactions monitoring using NIR spectroscopy were developed based on the ester content during alkali-catalyzed transesterification reaction between soybean oil and ethanol. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was employed as the reference method for quantification. FT-NIR spectra were acquired with a transflectance probe. The models were developed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression with synthetic samples at room temperature simulating reaction composition for different ethanol to oil molar ratios and conversions. Model predictions were then validated online for reactions performed with ethanol to oil molar ratios of 6 and 9 at 55ºC. Standard errors of prediction of external data were equal to 3.12%, hence close to the experimental error of the reference technique (2.78%), showing that even without using data from a monitored reaction to perform calibration, proper on-line predictions were provided during transesterification runs.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Additionally, it is shown that PLS models and NIR spectra of few samples can be combined to accurately predict the glycerol contents of the medium, making the NIR spectroscopy a powerful tool for biodiesel production monitoring.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84493880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Modeling an Airlift Reactor for the Growing of Microalgae 气升式反应器微藻生长模拟
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2018-09-28 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101812010080
G. Lara, L. Moreno, Yendery Ramírez, L. Cisternas
{"title":"Modeling an Airlift Reactor for the Growing of Microalgae","authors":"G. Lara, L. Moreno, Yendery Ramírez, L. Cisternas","doi":"10.2174/1874123101812010080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101812010080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The flow dynamics of an airlift reactor for the growing of microalgae is modeled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The model is applied to the operation and optimization of the reactor, giving a valuable picture of the liquid movement and carbon dioxide trajectory at different air injection flow rates.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A novel aspect of the model is that air and carbon dioxide are injected at separated locations. Air is injected at the bottom of the reactor and CO2 injection takes place in the downcomer region of the reactor to obtain longer CO2 paths, improving its transference.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results show modeling is a useful tool in the control of the reactor operation; for example, in avoiding the sedimentation of microalgae or for detecting the existence of zones with extremely low CO2 concentrations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82161159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Experimental Study of CO2 Absorption in Potassium Carbonate Solution Promoted by Triethylenetetramine 三乙烯四胺促进碳酸钾溶液中CO2吸收的实验研究
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2018-05-25 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101812010067
Rouzbeh Ramezani, S. Mazinani, R. Felice
{"title":"Experimental Study of CO2 Absorption in Potassium Carbonate Solution Promoted by Triethylenetetramine","authors":"Rouzbeh Ramezani, S. Mazinani, R. Felice","doi":"10.2174/1874123101812010067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101812010067","url":null,"abstract":"Received: February 20, 2018 Revised: April 3, 2018 Accepted: April 21, 2018 Abstract: Background: Separation of CO 2 as the major cause of global warming is essential. In this work, potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) solution was selected as a base solvent for CO 2 absorption due to its ease of regeneration energy, low cost and low environmental impact. However, the absorption rate of CO 2 with K 2 CO 3 needs to be improved by adding a suitable promoter. Therefore, the performance of CO 2 in K 2 CO 3 solution promoted by triethylenetetramine (TETA) in terms of absorption capacity and absorption rate of CO2 was studied.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87408296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Selectivity Modeling of Synthesis Gas Reaction over the Iron Catalyst and Optimization Products 铁催化剂上合成气反应的选择性模拟及优化产物
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2018-04-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101812010057
H. Atashi, Somayyeh Veiskarami
{"title":"Selectivity Modeling of Synthesis Gas Reaction over the Iron Catalyst and Optimization Products","authors":"H. Atashi, Somayyeh Veiskarami","doi":"10.2174/1874123101812010057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101812010057","url":null,"abstract":"Materials & Methods: The Fischer-Tropsch Process is one of these technologies. In this catalytic process, a lot of products are produced, therefore, it is always steered to the production of favorable products. For this reason, in order to predict the performance of iron-based catalysts, based on the three factors;pressure, temperature and H2/CO ratio, the selectivity models for the products were obtained. Then, the best possible conditions for the highest production of hydrocarbons were calculated which are used in the designing of engineering equipment.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72782707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical Kinetics of Alkaline Pretreatment of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Prior Enzymatic Hydrolysis 紫荆草酶解前碱性预处理的化学动力学研究
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2018-04-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101812010036
S. Sanni, O. Akinrinola, E. O. Yusuf, O. Fagbiele, O. Agboola
{"title":"Chemical Kinetics of Alkaline Pretreatment of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Prior Enzymatic Hydrolysis","authors":"S. Sanni, O. Akinrinola, E. O. Yusuf, O. Fagbiele, O. Agboola","doi":"10.2174/1874123101812010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101812010036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000Napier grass is a naturally abundant waste material that can be cultivated over a vast area of land which makes it a viable source for sugar and bioethanol production. \u0000Introduction: \u0000The presence of lignin in the biomass makes cellulose inaccessible for conversion to useful products, however, in order to provide for efficient utilization of the waste material, reagent and energy, a study on the kinetics of lignin removal from Napier grass was carried out in this work using 1 and 3 w/w % NaOH at temperatures between 80 and 120°C. \u0000Materials & Methods: \u0000Based on the investigation, there was increased lignin removal for increased NaOH concentration. Kinetic parameters were also determined and it was observed that, the reaction of lignin in Napier grass with NaOH obeys a pseudo-zero or pseudo-fractional order kinetics. Furthermore, the orders of the reaction for the pretreatment conditions of 3 w/w% NaOH at 100°C and those of 3 and 1 w/w NaOH at 120°C gave close reaction orders of 0.2, 0.22 and 0.24 respectively after 110 minutes, which implies that, for the three cases, the residual lignin in the extract was almost the same at the pretreatment conditions while slight differences are evident \u0000in their pseudo rate constants. Also, it was observed that, the activation energy of the reaction reduced significantly as the concentration of NaOH increased from 1w/w - 3 w/w%. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Based on the AIL and the total lignin (i.e. AIL + ASL) in the Napier grass, the recorded delignification efficiencies at the optimum pretreatment time of 17.5 h are 90 and 76% respectively. In addition, the adopted Differential Technique (DT) combined with the Ostwald Method of Isolation (OMI) can be accurately used to study the kinetics of lignin removal from Napier grass.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"36-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88664900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Pyrene and Chrysene Tolerance and Biodegradation Capability of Pleurotus Sajor-Caju 杏鲍菇对芘、芘的耐受性及生物降解能力
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2018-04-23 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101812010024
G. Saiu, S. Tronci, M. Grosso, Enzo Cadoni, Nicoletta Curreli
{"title":"Pyrene and Chrysene Tolerance and Biodegradation Capability of Pleurotus Sajor-Caju","authors":"G. Saiu, S. Tronci, M. Grosso, Enzo Cadoni, Nicoletta Curreli","doi":"10.2174/1874123101812010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101812010024","url":null,"abstract":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, i.e.Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità di Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"767 1","pages":"24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77525731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Kinetics of Decomposition Reactions of Acetic Acid Using DFT Approach 醋酸分解反应动力学的DFT方法研究
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2018-02-08 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101812010014
A. Verma, N. Kishore
{"title":"Kinetics of Decomposition Reactions of Acetic Acid Using DFT Approach","authors":"A. Verma, N. Kishore","doi":"10.2174/1874123101812010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101812010014","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive amount of oxygen content in unprocessed bio-oil deteriorates the quality of bio-oil which cannot be used in transportation vehicles without upgrading. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a vital component of ‘acids’ catalogue of unprocessed bio-oil produced from thermochemical conversions of most of biomass feedstocks such as switchgrass, alfalfa, etc. In this study, the decomposition reactions of acetic acid are carried out by two reaction pathways, i.e., decarboxylation and dehydration reactions. In addition, the reaction rates of decomposition are analysed in a wide range of temperatures, i.e., 298-900 K and at atmospheric pressure.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80374237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Determination of Migration of Six Phthalate Esters in Plastic Toys by GC-MS/MS Coupled with Solid-Phase Extraction Using Cucurbit[n]urils as Adsorbent 采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定6种邻苯二甲酸酯在塑料玩具中的迁移
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2017-10-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101711010053
Q. Lv, Liu Haiyu, Zhijuan Wang, H. Bai, Qing Zhang
{"title":"Determination of Migration of Six Phthalate Esters in Plastic Toys by GC-MS/MS Coupled with Solid-Phase Extraction Using Cucurbit[n]urils as Adsorbent","authors":"Q. Lv, Liu Haiyu, Zhijuan Wang, H. Bai, Qing Zhang","doi":"10.2174/1874123101711010053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101711010053","url":null,"abstract":"Method: On the base of self-made migration device, toy samples were migrated for 10 min to 24 h in simulated saliva at 37 °C. The analytes were adsorbed by cucurbiturils SPE cartridges, eluted with ethyl acetate, then determined by GC-MS/MS and quantified by external standard method. The eluting solvents as well as the type and amount of the extraction materials were carefully optimized, then the reusability of the SPE cartridges was investigated. The limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 2.5 μg/L to 12.5 μg/L. Average recoveries of target analytes (spiked at three concentration levels) were in the range of 82.7% to 94.4%. Intraday repeatability and interday repeatability of the method varied from 2.3% to 6.6% and from 5.6% to 10.8%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78162639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Depressurization System by Coiled Pipes Applied to a High Pressure Process: Experimental Results and Modeling 应用于高压过程的螺旋管减压系统:实验结果和模型
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101711010017
J. Benjumea, J. Sánchez-Oneto, J. R. Portela, E. M. Ossa
{"title":"Depressurization System by Coiled Pipes Applied to a High Pressure Process: Experimental Results and Modeling","authors":"J. Benjumea, J. Sánchez-Oneto, J. R. Portela, E. M. Ossa","doi":"10.2174/1874123101711010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101711010017","url":null,"abstract":"Received: February 10, 2017 Revised: May 24, 2017 Accepted: June 02, 2017 Abstract: Background: The use of backpressure regulator valves is widespread in high-pressure processes both at laboratory and pilot plant scales, but being a single step for effluent depressurization, such valves may have some limitations at industrial scale. In an effort to improve the depressurization step, this work studies a system based on the pressure drop of a fluid that circulates through coiled pipes.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"144 1","pages":"17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78164579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flotation of Chromite as Pre-Treatment of Olivine Before Carbonation for CO2 Sequestration 铬铁矿浮选作为橄榄石碳酸化前的前处理封存CO2
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2017-07-21 DOI: 10.2174/1874123101711010001
Laura Turri, H. Muhr, Cristielen Rech, F. Lapicque
{"title":"Flotation of Chromite as Pre-Treatment of Olivine Before Carbonation for CO2 Sequestration","authors":"Laura Turri, H. Muhr, Cristielen Rech, F. Lapicque","doi":"10.2174/1874123101711010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101711010001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89604461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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