Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III最新文献

{"title":"Densification and combustion of biomass pruning residues","authors":"P. Ribeiro, Jorge Araújo, J. Carvalho, C. Vilarinho","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-92","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the potential of biomass pruning residues for energetic valorization by combustion. For this, five representative types of woody biomass pruning residues were collected and its proximate and ultimate composition determined. After a period of natural drying, the biomass was densified by briquetting technique. The produced briquettes were characterized and burned in a downdraft wood gasification boiler. Flue gas was sampled and analyzed in terms of temperature, flow speed, moisture and O2 and CO2 composition. Pollutant emission was measured, namely CO, NOx, TOC and PM. The results are discussed and compared to conventional briquettes made from pine sawdust and show that briquetting is an effective technique to densify the pruning biomass and its possible to burn on conventional boilers. Pollutant emission it’s only a concern for NOx, for which adequate NOx emission reduction techniques are advised.","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"124 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128700679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eutrophication impact potential of solid waste management options in Harare","authors":"Trust Nhubu, C. Mbohwa, E. Muzenda","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-57","url":null,"abstract":"Six municipal solid waste management options (A1– A6) in Harare were developed and analyzed for their eutrophication impact potentials under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. All the options started with waste collection and transportation to a centralized waste treatment centre where a combination of various municipal solid waste management and treatment methods were considered under the different options. Results show that landfilling and material recovery for reuse and recyle are the only MSW management processes that contributes to negative eutrophication potential giving options that had landfilling (A1, A4 and A6) an overall edge. The doubling of recycling rate under A5 and increasing it to atleast 25% under A6 result in below zero eutrophication impact potentials. Results reveal that anaerobic digestion and incineration contribute to increased eutrophication potential under all the options they were considered hence need for further assessments considering other impact categories to determine the most sustainable option. water to Harare and Chitungwiza. The eutrophication of Lake Chivero is not a welcome development considering its threats to the availability of potable water for Harare and Chitungwiza. It has led to increased costs for potable water production partly contributing to the erratic potable water supplies in most parts of Harare currently being experienced. Bauman and Tillman (2004) described eutrophication as a phenomenon with the potential of affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to nutrient enrichment namely Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in water systems. The MSW generated in Harare has an excess of biowaste constituting over 60% (UNEP, 2011) hence if improperly managed can lead to nutrient enrichment in water bodies leading to eutrophication. Magadza (2003) reported that the breakdown in hygiene has led to nutrient rich surface run-off from uncollected MSW and illegal MSW dumps significantly contributing to Lake Chivero eutrophication. The design and development of sustainable MSW management option for Harare becomes a necessity to address the human health challenges and availability of freshwater that guarantee the long term consistent supply of potable water for Harare residents. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has proven to be an effective tool for designing and developing sustainable and integrated MSW management as it aids the assessment of environmental loads of different MSW options (Miliute and Kazimieras Staniškis, 2010; Rives et al., 2010; Koci and Trecakova, 2011; Stucki et al., 2011; Gunamantha and Sarto, 2012; Fernández-Nava et al., 2014). Therefore, this work is an LCA based comparative study to assess the eutrophication impact potential of different MSW management options for Harare. The objective being to determine the option with the least eutrophication impact potential in light of the reported eutrophic status of the potable water sources in Harare. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Descrip","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128041009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhodobacter and pigments in anaerobic digestion of brewery effluent","authors":"A. Neves, L. Ramalho, I. P. Marques, A. Eusebio Baldrés","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-43","url":null,"abstract":"Brewery wastewater (BWW) was digested anaerobically in mesophilic conditions and batch mode. The presence of a reddish pigmentation associated to the better removal capacity of the BWW digestion (64%), indicates that the treatment and energetic valorisation of an organic effluent can occur at the same time and inside the same unit as the production of a photosynthetic pigment. The reddish pigmentation found in this experiment was mainly attributed to bacteriochlorophyll a, and to carotenoids pigments of the spirilloxantin series (characteristics of purple non-sulfur bacteria). Microbial identification through Next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed the presence of bacterial genus Rhodobacter in the inoculum and in anaerobic digestion of BWW.","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133441369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic digestion in the fruit waste disposal and valorization","authors":"M. M. Baumguertner, G. Kreutz, R. Martins","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-42","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their characteristics, a significant portion of fruit produced on a large scale, especially kiwi, is wasted as organic waste. This problem has created an opportunity to evaluated the potential for biogas generation using kiwi waste as a substrate by the anaerobic process. Eight distinct assays were performed in two batch reactors (R1 and R18). Different substrate/inoculum ratios, addition of NaHCO3 and with and without nutrients addition were tested. The most satisfactory results were obtained with: kiwi waste (8.4 g), anaerobic digester slurry (192 mL), sodium bicarbonate (500.4mg), ammonium chloride (453.0mg) and potassium phosphate monobasic (106.0mg) added. In this assay, 759.1 mL biogas/g VS was produced and methane quality of 60%, indicating that kiwi fruit waste has potential for biogas production. It is also concluded that the quality of the inoculum and substrate/inoculum ratio influences the biogas production.","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133366129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and limitations for source separation of waste generated in Harare","authors":"Trust Nhubu, C. Mbohwa, E. Muzenda, B. Patel","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128714220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Struvite quality assessment during electrodialytic extraction","authors":"V. Oliveira, G. Kirkelund, J. Labrincha, C. Dias-Ferreira","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132431766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial conversion of oily wastes to methane: Effect of ferric nanomaterials","authors":"V. Martins, G. Martins, A. Carvalho, L. Pereira, M. Alves, A. J. Cavaleiro, O. Soares, M. Pereira","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116606012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of natural pigments from marine macroalgae waste","authors":"S. Pardilhó, M. Almeida, J. Dias, S. B. Machado, S. Bessada, M. B. Oliveira","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-29","url":null,"abstract":"The need to replace synthetic pigments and the richness of marine macroalgae in natural pigments make their study relevant as a source of such valuable compounds. In the present study, marine macroalgae waste collected at a Northern Portugal beach was used aiming pigments extraction. Saccorhiza polyschides (brown algae) was the most abundant specie. The biomass (freeze-dried and ground to <1 mm) was subjected to pigments extraction using six different solvents and their amounts were evaluated through their maximum absorption using UV spectrophotometry. The results showed as promising the use of marine macroalgae waste as a natural source of pigments and acetone as the best solvent for extraction, followed by methanol. Chlorophyll a was found as the predominant pigment in the biomass with a maximum of 1685 μg g−1 extracted using 90% acetone. Carotenoids and fucoxanthin could also be extracted with methanol (174 μg g−1) and DMSO (252 μg g−1), respectively.","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130661016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of municipal solid waste data for Harare, Zimbabwe","authors":"Trust Nhubu, C. Mbohwa, E. Muzenda, B. Patel","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-58","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste (MSW) data sources in Harare metropolitan province show significantly varying data with regards to generation and composition. The sources of variations include data lumping; exclusion of MSW managed outside the formal system and remain uncollected, lack of a clear definition of what constitutes MSW within the Zimbabwean context as well as temporal variations. It is therefore important for waste generation and characterisation studies to be undertaken building upon the already existing datasets to ensure the accuracy and reliability needed for data credibility for use in MSW management planning. ensure reliability and accuracy for its use as baseline data for sustainable MSW management planning. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Description of the study area Harare metropolitan province comprises of Harare, the Capital City of Zimbabwe and its 2 dormitory towns of Chitungwiza and Epworth with a total population of just over 2 million (Zimstat, 2013). The uniqueness of Harare metropolitan province is its location upstream in the catchment of its potable water sources. The mismanagement of MSW generated in Harare metropolitan province is contributing to the eutrophic status of Lake Chivero. At present, slightly over 400 thousand tons of municipal solid waste is generated in Harare metropolitan province (Makarichi et al., 2019) with reported collection falling from 52% in 2011 to 48.7% in 2016 (EMA, 2016) indicating that almost half of the MSW generated remaining uncollected. Solid waste generated in Harare metropolitan province is being indiscriminately collected and dumped at the three official poorly managed dumpsites which are unprotected without leachate infiltration into groundwater prevention mechanisms namely Pomona for Harare, Chitungwiza for Chitungwiza and Golden Quarry for Epworth. Pomona covers an area of 100 hectares and has been operational since 1985 (Chijarira, 2013). The City of Harare Management records of 2010 indicate that the disposal capacity of Pomona dumpsite is expected to be exhausted by 2020. This calls for the need to redesign and define future integrated and sustainable municipal solid waste management strategies. Such future management strategies can only be feasible if reliable and accurate MSW data on generation, composition, characteristics and properties is available. Hence need to assess the accuracy and reliability of the available data which is the purpose of this study. 2.2 Review of few selected MSW generation and characterisation methodologies MSW constitutes household waste generally reported to constitute between 55 to 80% with markets and or commercials areas constituting between 10 to 30% and varying contributions from institutions, streets and industries (Nabegu, 2010, Okot-Okumu, 2012). Therefore, MSW data from these sources need to be accounted for in any MSW data to ensure its reliability and accuracy. Estimating MSW data should involve the collection of MSW from where it is generated ","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123404900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) valorization in alkali activated bricks","authors":"I. Lancellotti, V. Vezzali, L. Barbieri, C. Leonelli, Grillenzoni Andrea","doi":"10.1201/9780429289798-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289798-78","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":228868,"journal":{"name":"Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121644826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}