Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics最新文献

{"title":"A simplified stress-based engineering method of calculating fracture mechanics parameters for prediction of crack initiation from an interface corner of bi-material structures","authors":"Guang-Chao Lyu ,&nbsp;Xin-Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiu-Wing Mai","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is highly demanded to predict accurately crack initiation and growth from interface corners or edges of bi-material structures such as those commonly existed in advanced integrated circuit packaging structures, yet the issue has not been well addressed. This paper proposes a novel engineering method for assessing the risk of interfacial fracture at interface corners, which is based on the small-scale cracking solutions and allows direct calculation of fracture mechanics parameters of short interfacial cracks originating from the interface corners using stress data obtained from finite element analyses. We first analyze the generalized stress intensity factor <em>H</em> and its corresponding dimensionless coefficient <em>a</em> at the interface corner of a non-cracked bi-material wedge structure. Subsequently, the stress intensity factor <em>K</em> and its corresponding dimensionless coefficient <em>b</em> at the tip of the interfacial crack located at the interface corner is analyzed. By establishing a relationship between the above two dimensionless coefficients <em>a</em> and <em>b</em>, the dimensionless coefficient <em>c</em> depending on the elastic mismatch at the interface and the interface corner angle can be determined. A correlation is then established between the stress intensity factor at the tip of the interfacial crack and the tangential and shear stresses, which is expressed by the coefficient <em>d</em> and can be deduced from the coefficient <em>c</em>. This relationship enables the straightforward determination of the stress intensity factor, strain energy release rate and phase angle of the interfacial cracks at singularities under different external boundaries using stresses at finite element nodes. It is found that the present method needs to satisfy the condition that the cracks are confined within the <em>H</em>-field of the stress singularity. An example is presented to demonstrate the practical applicability of the present method for analysis of interfacial cracks originating from interfacial corners of underfill/die and underfill/substrate interfaces in flip-chip package structures typically used in integrated circuits. The results exhibit a significant level of agreement between the fracture mechanics parameters calculated by the present method and those obtained from the finite element analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture size effects on crack-strength-acoustic emission coupling in sandstone: experimental and numerical simulations","authors":"Lei Yue ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Liqiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing depth of underground engineering, research on the fracture mechanisms of rocks containing nonlinear fissures has attracted significant attention. This study systematically investigates the crack-strength-acoustic emission (AE) coupling effects in nonlinearly fractured sandstone through uniaxial compression-AE tests and particle flow code (PFC) numerical simulations. The experimental design incorporates specimens with filled/unfilled fissures of varying dip angles (0°–90°) and lengths (16–48 mm), combining AE parameters (energy, counts) and mechanical strength (MS) data to reveal the controlling mechanisms of fissure geometry on failure behavior. The results demonstrate that: Increasing fissure dip angle (&gt;45°) and decreasing length enhance peak stress by 4.91–8.32 MPa, while gypsum filling further increases strength by 3.58 %–22.02 % and suppresses crack quantity (<em>W</em>_a) by up to 18.7 %; AE cumulative energy shows a strong correlation with <em>W</em>_a (grey relational grade &gt; 0.83); A multivariate quadratic regression model based on response surface methodology (RSM) and least squares fitting achieves optimal <em>W</em>_a prediction accuracy (MRE = 0.0298) by integrating wave velocity (<em>ξ</em>), MS, and AE parameters; The competition of tribes and cooperation of members (CTCM) further optimizes the exponential model, reducing the mean prediction error by 2.65 %. This study provides a novel quantitative crack prediction method for stability assessment in deep rock mass engineering. However, future work should integrate cross-scale observations and multi-field coupling models to improve applicability in complex environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture investigation and acoustic emission characteristics of semi-flexible pavement materials under different temperatures","authors":"Weimin Song ,&nbsp;Yuanqi Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Hanyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-flexible pavement (SFP) exhibits superior rutting resistance, yet its cracking performance remains a critical concern due to inadequate interfacial bonding between the porous asphalt mixture (PAM) and the grouting material. To address this challenge, this study investigated fracture behavior and interfacial enhancement strategies for SFP through silane coupling agent (KH550) modification. Fracture performance was assessed via semi-circular bending (SCB) tests at −10℃ and 25℃, combined with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and microstructural characterization. Results revealed that KH550 modification increased stress intensity factors by 10.7 % and 8.9 % at low (−10℃) and intermediate (25℃) temperatures, respectively, while enhancing total fracture energy by 55.1 % and 29.3 % under corresponding conditions. AE analysis highlighted distinct failure mechanisms: low-temperature (−10℃) fractures exhibited brittle failure with concentrated high-energy AE events, whereas the elevated temperature (25℃) promoted plastic deformation, suppressing AE activity. Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering and GMM + Support Vector Machine (SVM) clustering of RA and AF data identified tensile cracking as the predominant failure mode, with KH550 further amplifying tensile crack ratios at −10℃ due to interfacial adhesion-induced brittleness. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) confirmed KH550′s interfacial enhancement, demonstrating denser hydration products and elemental redistribution at the asphalt-grout interface. These microstructural improvements correlated with macro-scale performance gains, where an optimized interfacial transition zone facilitated efficient stress transfer and crack resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic nonlocality for crack tip fields in microstructured periodic beam lattices","authors":"İrem Yağmuroğlu ,&nbsp;Harm Askes","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taking a discrete beam lattice as a starting point, continuum models are derived using continualisation and asymptotic series equivalence. The models contain higher-order spatial gradients of the displacements and, therefore, belong to the class of so-called generalised continua. Furthermore, the continuum models are anisotropic, not only regarding the lower-order terms (i.e. the classical elasticity terms) but also the higher-order terms (i.e. the gradient-enrichment terms). We show that the resulting continuum models can be interpreted as particular cases of the Theory of Critical Distances, which itself is a special case of nonlocal elasticity. Two minor simplifications are suggested in order to facilitate straightforward finite element implementation. Taking the compact tension test as a numerical example, the resulting models are shown to avoid singularities in the stress fields around sharp crack tips. Finally, a comparison is carried out with the results of the associated discrete beam lattice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic fracture analysis of functionally graded viscoelastic anisotropic nanostructures with a blunt crack under transient Thermal-Mechanical loading","authors":"Mohamed Abdelsabour Fahmy ,&nbsp;Bashaer Musaad Alharbi","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an advanced size-dependent boundary element method (BEM) specifically developed for dynamic fracture analysis of functionally graded viscoelastic anisotropic nanostructures with a single blunt crack under transient thermal–mechanical loading. The new formulation captures both fractional viscoelastic constitutive behavior and surface elasticity effects via the Gurtin–Murdoch model to capture more effectively nano-scale responses. A time-domain integral approach is developed with appropriate fundamental solutions for anisotropic solids such that stress intensity factors (SIF), crack opening displacements (COD), and stress concentration factors (SCF) can be precisely determined under dynamic loading conditions. The method requires discretization on boundaries only, lowering computational cost significantly but with very high resolution available at crack tips and stress singularities. Extensive validation against finite element and analytical solutions demonstrates excellent agreement with relative errors of less than 2%. Parametric analyses demonstrate the significant influence of fractional order, surface elasticity, and material grading on the evolution of dynamic fracture parameters. The results confirm that the proposed BEM method is not only numerically efficient but also physically accurate for fracture predictive analysis in micro- and nano-device structures, e.g., MEMS/NEMS, subjected to coupled field and time-dependent loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105219"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the influence mechanism of hole sizes on the mechanical properties and damage laws of sandstone","authors":"Fubin Hou,&nbsp;Hanpeng Wang,&nbsp;Dekang Sun,&nbsp;Yuguo Zhou,&nbsp;Bing Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Jinhou Zhang,&nbsp;Yunhao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To prevent and control rock bursts in deep coal mines, the optimization of the geometric parameters of antiscour and pressure relief drilling is highly important for adjusting the stability of the surrounding rock. Therefore, through uniaxial compression tests, GDEM numerical simulations, DIC strain monitoring and other methods, the mechanical properties and damage laws of sandstone samples with different pore sizes are systematically studied. The crack propagation mode and strain field evolution law are discussed in depth, and the influence mechanism of the boundary effect under different pore sizes is analyzed. The results show that with increasing pore size, the uniaxial compressive strength decreases in the form of a quadratic function, and the number of sudden changes in the dissipated energy conversion rate and the peak value decrease gradually. The failure mode changes from an oblique linear shear failure to an S-type tensile shear failure, and the strain field morphology in the early stable loading stage changes from H-type to X-type and then S-type. Owing to the boundary effect, the theoretical and experimental results have different degrees of matching at <em>φ</em> = 0°, and the measured change trend of the key point strain value is basically consistent with the theoretical values. At <em>φ</em> = 26.75°, when η ranges from 0.085 to 0.141, the measured value exhibits a regular decrease, which subsequently changes to a rapid increase, which is quite different from the theoretical results. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the stability and catastrophic evolution trends of surrounding rock in deep engineering scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105221"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-form solutions for fracture resistance of ultra-high-performance concrete matrix under different loading rates","authors":"Shutong Yang,&nbsp;Yingxue Wang,&nbsp;Qing Wang,&nbsp;Tian Lan,&nbsp;Yongqing Bai,&nbsp;Wanxiu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) matrix has a dense matrix due to its low water-cement ratio, only fine aggregates, and ultrafine supplementary cementitious materials. These features lead to fracture behavior markedly different from ordinary concrete, warranting systematic study. This study explored the fracture behavior of UHPC matrix under varying loading rates (<em>v</em>) of 0.02, 0.2, 2, 20, 200 mm/min by three-point bending tests conducted on beams with diverse depths (<em>h</em>) of 50, 100, 150 mm and initial crack length-to-depth ratios (<em>a</em>₀/<em>h</em>) of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4. Two discrete coefficients (<em>β</em> and <em>C</em>) and a characteristic microstructural parameter (<em>C</em>_ch) were introduced to describe material discontinuities and heterogeneity. The parameter <em>C</em>_ch was defined as the average hole diameter within the matrix, representing a deviation from its conventional definition in ordinary concrete (OC). By using <em>C</em>_ch, <em>β</em> and <em>C</em>, a prediction model was formulated to evaluate the size-independent tensile strength (<em>f</em>_t) and fracture toughness (<em>K</em>_IC) of the UHPC matrix under dynamic loading conditions. The results indicated that as <em>v</em> increased from 0.02 to 200 mm/min, <em>f</em>_t and <em>K</em>_IC increased by 1.5 %, 13.9 %, 17.9 %, and 25.9 %, respectively. Moreover, the predicted <em>f</em>_t and <em>K</em>_IC at different loading rates were independent of <em>h</em> and <em>a</em>₀/<em>h</em> for the specimens tested in this study. The prediction model suggested in this paper produced stable computational results that comprehensively elucidated the fracture behavior of UHPC matrix under different loading rates, and contributed to a better understanding of the dynamic fracture properties of fiber-reinforced UHPC in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on cryogenic fatigue crack growth and fracture toughness of Q500qENH based on thermodynamic entropy analysis","authors":"Xinbo Zhang,&nbsp;Chuang Cui,&nbsp;Qinghua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While low-temperature environments can induce brittle fracture in low-carbon steel, they concurrently enhance its strength and fatigue life. This study employs thermodynamic entropy as an evaluation criterion to investigate the low-temperature fatigue crack growth rate and fracture toughness of Q500qENH steel (A novel 500–550 MPa high-strength and high-toughness weathering steel plate with excellent weldability for bridges in harsh high-altitude environments.). The classical fatigue fracture entropy concept was augmented by incorporating the <em>J</em>-integral from fracture mechanics. The <em>J</em>-integral facilitates the rapid determination of plastic strain energy density during fatigue crack propagation. Low-temperature crack growth and fracture toughness tests were conducted on Q500qENH steel. The results demonstrate that low temperatures reduce the crack propagation rate and diminish the critical crack length in the specimens. Ultimately, the areal density of plastic strain entropy throughout the fatigue crack propagation process and total fatigue life was obtained using the <em>J</em>-integral approach. For equivalent crack extension lengths, specimens tested at low temperatures were found to expend a higher magnitude of plastic strain entropy areal density. When critical crack length is adopted as the failure criterion, the requisite plastic strain entropy areal density for specimen failure diminishes with decreasing temperature. Consequently, low temperatures detrimentally affect the ability of Q500qENH steel to resist low-temperature brittle fracture. Though this investigation focused specifically on Q500qENH steel, the findings can be extended to other low-carbon steels with similar compositions and comparable mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbolic regression guided by interpretable machine learning for formulating a fracture toughness law from micro-indentation data","authors":"Jia-Le Li ,&nbsp;Gao-Feng Zhao ,&nbsp;Kostas Senetakis","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in material property prediction, its models often lack interpretability, and the physical mapping relationships behind their excellent performance are seldom addressed. This work introduces a systematic framework designed to remove redundancy from high-dimensional features and discover underlying mathematical laws. Specifically, we demonstrate this framework by deriving an explicit fracture toughness law from micro-indentation data. This framework, centered on Symbolic Regression (SR), leverages the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique to analyze a trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN is first trained on mechanical parameters, including elastic–plastic and fracture properties. Subsequently, the SHAP technique is integrated to quantify feature importance and reduce dimensionality, thereby laying the groundwork for SR to uncover the physical equation. The results show that the ANN model’s generalization capability is improved by removing certain features based on their ranked importance. Three dominant features, namely indentation modulus (<em>E</em>_IT), hardness (<em>H</em>_IT), and creep deformation (<em>H</em>_creep), are identified as key predictors and subsequently fed into a symbolic regression model to investigate the potential functional relationship between elastic–plastic properties and fracture toughness. After balancing model accuracy and complexity, the nonlinear relationship between elastic–plastic properties and fracture toughness is described by an SR-generated mathematical equation. In total, this work bridges data-driven modeling with classical fracture mechanics, offering a compact, explainable relationship for estimating fracture toughness in complex geomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the fracture characteristics of pre-holed limestone in the karst region under uniaxial cyclic compression","authors":"Guoshao Su ,&nbsp;Yanken Gan ,&nbsp;Youneng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, static and cyclic uniaxial compression tests were conducted on limestone specimens containing 1, 2 and 6 holes (dimensions: 200 mm (height) × 100 mm (width) × 30 mm (thickness)). The relationships between stress–strain responses, acoustic emission (AE) signals, surface displacement fields, and crack evolution processes were analyzed using combined monitoring techniques containing AE and digital image correlation (DIC). Particle flow code (PFC2D) was employed to simulate the crack propagation behavior of pre-drilled limestone specimens. The results show that four typical crack types were observed in the pre-holed limestone, including tensile mode, mixed tensile and shear mode with equal contributions, and tensile or shear dominant mixed modes. Under cyclic loading, pre-holed limestone exhibited shear-dominated mixed failure, contrasting by the tensile-dominated pattern under static loading. This failure pattern was accompanied by a broadened dominant frequency band<!--> <!-->of AE signals and<!--> <!-->significantly amplified low and medium frequency components. Concurrently, net-scattered force chains<!--> <!-->in the compressive zones and diagonal (45°/135°) tensile-compressive zones<!--> <!-->near holes triggered structural damage,<!--> <!-->initiating secondary cracks and remote shear cracks. These findings provide insights into the dynamic fracture mechanisms of limestone with hole defects under cyclic loading, which are crucial for engineering applications in rockfall prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105216"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}