Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the interaction mechanisms between fissures and layers of SCB specimens using a novel layer 3D printing technology and DEM","authors":"Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuyang Yu ,&nbsp;Jun Yu ,&nbsp;Yifei Li ,&nbsp;Hesi Xu ,&nbsp;Qingfu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered rock masses are widely distributed, and their unique structures affect engineering stability. Hence, it is important to conduct research on layered rock fracture mechanisms. This study aims to explore the interaction mechanisms between bedding and fissures. A layered rock sand 3D printing molding process is proposed to prepare Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) specimens containing bedding and pre-fabricated fissures. Crack propagation tests under three-point bending loads are carried out, and the strain distribution is obtained by combining with DIC technique. The PFC2D software is used for numerical simulation. Results show that the bedding inclination angle <em>β</em> and pre-fabricated fissure inclination angle <em>α</em> significantly influence the mechanical behavior and peak strength of SCB specimens: variations in <em>β</em> (0° − 90°) result in differing complexities of crack propagation paths (e.g., the most tortuous path at <em>β</em> = 30°), with peak strength first increasing then decreasing (maximum at <em>β</em> = 30°), while changes in <em>α</em> (15° − 75°) cause peak strength to first decrease then increase (minimum at α = 30° and 45°), collectively revealing the relationship between bedding-aligned crack extension mechanisms and strength evolution. The location of tensile stress concentration guide the crack propagation. The angle and relative position between the fissure and the bedding are the key factors determining the crack propagation path and the specimen failure mode. The preparation method of the bedding rock mass structure by sand 3D printing proposed can effectively simulate the characteristics of natural bedding planes, providing a new approach for the study of the fracture mechanics of layered rock masses. By combining experiments and numerical simulations, the interaction mechanism between bedding planes and fissures is deeply analyzed, and the research results have important reference value for the stability analysis and design of rock engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105044"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental determination of double-K fracture parameters for self-compacting concrete with waste tire rubber and silica fume","authors":"Robert Bušić,&nbsp;Goran Gazić,&nbsp;Ivica Guljaš,&nbsp;Ivana Miličević","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to address environmental issues caused by the large amount of waste tire rubber, which is often deposited uncontrollably, its use in concrete, by replacing a portion of natural aggregates with waste rubber particles, seems to be an effective approach. At the same time, it must be noted that such an action will likely change many of its mechanical parameters, as well as the fracture and cracking behavior of self-compacting concrete. With that in mind, mechanical and fracture properties of self-compacting concrete with crumb rubber and silica fume were investigated in this study. A total of 14 self-compacting concrete mixtures were prepared with constant water to binder ratio of 0.4 and a cement content of 450 kg/m³. Chemical admixtures were used to maintain the desirable fresh properties of self-compacting concrete and to achieve adequate aggregate distribution during casting of the test samples. The experimental program focused on determining the fracture toughness of self-compacting rubberized concrete (SCRC). Fracture properties were determined using the wedge splitting test (WST) as an alternative to three-point bending test (3PBT) and were subsequently described using the double K-fracture model. Test results also indicated that mixtures containing up to 15 % of crumb rubber yielded satisfactory results for both initial and unstable fracture behavior. Up to the 15 % replacement level, K_Ic,ini remains approximately equal to the reference value, with a maximum reduction of 16 %. Considering fracture process, the addition of rubber alters the fracture mechanism of SCC from brittle/quasi-plastic to quasi-plastic. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Microstructural analysis confirmed that the effect of silica fume on improving interfacial bonding with crumb rubber is limited due to the inherent chemical incompatibility and hydrophobic nature of rubber particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105021"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of 301 metastable austenitic stainless steel","authors":"Ehsan Norouzi ,&nbsp;Reza Miresmaeili ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Shahverdi ,&nbsp;Mohsen Askari-Paykani ,&nbsp;Laura Maria Vergani","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties and embrittlement behavior of 301 metastable austenitic stainless steel was studied. The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) was studied using in situ tensile testing under electrochemical hydrogen charging at various current densities. The results showed that the Portevin-Le-Chatelier (PLC) phenomenon occurred in the uncharged sample, whereas serration disappeared after hydrogen charging due to the hydrogen enhanced decohesion mechanism (HEDE) and the presence of α′ martensite. Hydrogen charging at current density of 10 and 30 mA/cm² resulted in a 7 and 19 % loss in yield strength and a 77 and 80 % loss of elongation, respectively. The fracture toughness of uncharged and H pre-charged specimens was determined by the indentation technique and the results showed a 35 % decrease in fracture toughness after hydrogen charging. Evaluation of the microstructure by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed that the dislocation density increased in the presence of hydrogen. In addition, a reduction in stacking fault energy (SFE) by hydrogen resulted in the formation of more α′ martensite in the microstructure, compared to uncharged sample at the same level of deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105043"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical characterization and dynamic fracture behavior of twin straight-wall-top-arch tunnels under impact loading","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Lu Chen ,&nbsp;Xuming Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiang Huang ,&nbsp;Hong Xu ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhimin Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to investigate the effect of external dynamic loads such as blasting, drilling, and mechanical vibrations on the stability of twin straight-wall-top-arch (TSWTA) tunnels. Dynamic impact tests on TSWTA tunnel specimens are carried out by employing the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device. The dynamic mechanical characteristics and energy evolution law of the specimens are also methodically explored. In addition, the strain evolution laws and failure modes of TSWTA tunnel specimens are analyzed based on the DIC technique. The results indicate that the presence of TSWTA tunnels weakens the dynamic compressive strength of the rock, and such a weakening effect becomes more pronounced as the spacing between the twin tunnels increases. As the spacing of the TSWTA tunnel specimens increases, the dissipated energy density index of the specimens tends to decrease, indicating a gradual decrease in the degree of specimen failure. The connection regions between the inner vaults of the TSWTA tunnels and the connection regions between their inner bottom are the first to exhibit strain concentration and cracking. As the spacing of the TSWTA tunnels increases, the crack initiation time and propagation rate gradually decrease. Additionally, the interconnected cracks between the TSWTA tunnels result in the loosening and failure of the central rock pillar. With increasing spacing between the TSWTA tunnels, both the degree of failure and the displacement of the central rock pillar gradually decrease. Furthermore, the angle β between the primary tensile crack and the horizontal direction gradually decreases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105042"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the strain rate effect on Mode I delamination of CFRP composites using acoustic emission","authors":"Gang Wu,&nbsp;Liwen Zhu,&nbsp;Gang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strain rate effect on Mode I delamination in carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites remains a subject of significant debate, and conventional testing methods struggle to effectively characterize its mechanical behavior under different loading rates. This study aims to investigate the strain rate effect on Mode I delamination in CFRP composites using acoustic emission (AE) techniques. Macro-mechanical and microscopic morphology analyses indicate that the interlaminar failure mode shifts from fiber/matrix debonding and matrix cracking at lower loading rates to interlaminar brittle fracture of the matrix at higher loading rates. Meso-scale AE data further reveal the influence of Mode I delamination loading rate on damage source energy and activity. Additionally, AE peak frequency data suggest that an increase in loading rate alters the damage modes in the delamination process, shifting from matrix cracking to interfacial effect-driven damage. Furthermore, experimental data combined with a derived semi-empirical strain rate effect model confirm a positive correlation between AE energy-weighted centroid frequency and the interlaminar strain rate effect. These findings demonstrate that, within the scope of this study, AE technology is an effective approach for characterizing the strain rate effect on Mode I delamination in CFRP composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105041"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frozen effect of microcrack growth on compressive fracture in saturated brittle rocks","authors":"Xiaozhao Li,&nbsp;Yujie Yan,&nbsp;Chengzhi Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frozen effect on compressive fracture behavior in saturated brittle rocks, induced by microcrack propagation, is crucial for assessing the safety and stability of underground engineering projects in cold regions. However, the micro–macro fracture mechanism remains unclear during compressive failure in frozen saturated brittle rocks. This paper aims to develop a micro–macro fracture model with the frozen effect in saturated brittle rocks. This model is formulated by combining the low temperature-dependent fracture toughness <em>K</em>_IC, friction coefficient <em>μ</em>, skeleton contractile stress <em>P</em>_t, frost heave stress <em>P</em>_f, and cohesive stress <em>P</em>_c between crack surfaces into the previous wing microcrack growth model. An improved stress intensity factor at wing crack tips, incorporating the frozen effect, is proposed. This study investigates the frozen effects on saturated rock’s stress–strain curve and compressive strength by combining the proposed stress intensity factor, rock fracture criterion, and crack-strain damage relation. The frozen effect reduces the pore compaction phase, as evidenced by the gradual disappearance of the concave trend in the pre-peak stress–strain curve. Additionally, compressive strength increases compared to room temperature during progressive compressive failure. The validity of the presented model results is verified through published experiments. The effects of confining pressure and microcrack characteristics on the compressive strength of rocks are discussed at different temperatures. Under compression, the frozen strengthening mechanisms of saturated brittle rocks offer valuable insights for the design and safety evaluation of cold-region engineering projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105037"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of angles between anchor rod and cracks on the bearing mechanism of anchored rocks: Insights from the perspective of AE, DSCM and IRT","authors":"Min He ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiyao Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Localized failures resulting from fractures in weakly cemented surrounding rocks can significantly contribute to overall instability in rock engineering. As the engineering geological conditions deteriorating, the mechanical behavior of these weakly cemented rocks exhibiting cracks becomes increasingly intricate. To investigate the anchoring mechanics of such rocks, particularly the impact of the angle between anchor rods and cracks on their bearing capacity, a viewable biaxial loading apparatus was developed. This apparatus was utilized in conjunction with acoustic emission (AE), digital speckle correlation methods (DSCM), and infrared thermography (IRT) to conduct biaxial loading tests on weakly cemented rocks with prefabricated cracks. The findings from these tests reveal that the stress–strain curve of anchored rocks can be categorized into distinct stages: compaction, elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and residual deformation, with the strain during the residual deformation stage comprising 46.9 % to 58.7 % of the total strain. When the angle between the anchor rod and the prefabricated cracks is ≤ 60°, significant tensile failure is observed due to the interconnection of the prefabricated cracks. Conversely, when the angle is ≥ 75°, only minor tensile failure occurs without any penetration of the cracks. As the angle increases, the number of frequency bands within the 200–300 kHz range diminishes, leading to a more uniform distribution of primary frequency signals in the 400–500 kHz range. Following the onset of unstable propagation in secondary cracks, the duration of AE events occurring near the crack tip (within a distance &lt; 2 mm) typically exceeds 500 μs, with high-energy AE events of at least 0.1 × 10^-10 aJ being recorded at the tips of these secondary cracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105040"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An extended coupling method integrating NURBS and meshfree RPIM for accurate 2D crack modeling","authors":"Mengqiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ahmad Razin Zainal Abidin ,&nbsp;Cher Siang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately modeling cracks in two-dimensional (2D) solids with complex geometries remains a significant challenge in fracture mechanics. Traditional coupling methods for crack analysis often require complex domain partitioning and boundary condition imposition, limiting computational efficiency. Recently, a novel method known as N-RPIM, which integrates non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) and radial point interpolation (RPIM), has demonstrated promise for plane stress simulations in web structures with openings, where the presence of curved boundaries highlights its advantages in geometric representation and numerical accuracy. However, its application to crack analysis remains unexplored, necessitating further development to capture crack behaviors. Building on this framework, this paper develops an extended N-RPIM method (XN-RPIM), incorporating the partition-of-unity technique to accurately model cracks in 2D cases of elastic solids. NURBS basis functions represent domain shapes with precision, while RPIM approximates the displacement field. The Heaviside and branch functions capture surface discontinuities and crack tip singularities, respectively. Unlike existing coupling approaches, the proposed method eliminates the need for subdomain divisions and additional boundary conditions, streamlining the simulation process. Benchmark studies on mixed-mode cracks and intricate configurations demonstrate that XN-RPIM can achieve errors of the stress intensity factor (SIF) below 1% while requiring significantly fewer nodes than the extended finite element method (XFEM) in the best-performing cases. These findings highlight the potential of XN-RPIM as a robust and efficient tool for advanced crack analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fire fracture performance of ultra high-performance concrete: Mechanical properties, microstructure characterization and unified formulation","authors":"Tan Wang ,&nbsp;Hongxuan Tu ,&nbsp;LiHua Xu ,&nbsp;Yin Chi ,&nbsp;Shunan Wang ,&nbsp;Le Huang ,&nbsp;Min Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the post-fire fracture performance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC), three-point bending tests were conducted on precast notched UHPC beams exposed to elevated temperatures. The influence of temperature level, steel fiber content, and coarse aggregate content on microscopic morphology, fracture surface features, load-crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) curves were systematically analyzed. Furthermore, the high-temperature degradation mechanisms of UHPC were elucidated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results revealed that high temperatures significantly reduced the peak load capacities and fracture energy of UHPC, with decreases of 15.9%, 34.4%, 55.7%, and 74.7% in peak load and 16.9%, 42.0%, 73.3%, and 91.9% in fracture energy at 200, 400, 600, and 800 ℃, respectively. Incorporating steel fibers enhanced crack stability, toughness, and fracture energy, with these benefits becoming more pronounced at higher fiber volume fractions. At room temperature and after exposure to 800 ℃, the addition of 2% steel fibers improved the initial fracture toughness by 51.5% and 13.9%, respectively. Additionally, while the inclusion of coarse aggregates initially enhanced peak load and fracture energy, their positive effect diminishes beyond 15% volume fraction. Finally, a unified formula for the fracture performance index was proposed to characterize the effects of high temperature, steel fiber volume fraction, and coarse aggregate volume fraction. This study provides valuable insights for the design, construction, and material optimization of UHPC structures, contributing to the enhancement of safety and durability under elevated temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105036"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crack initiation behavior in grouted fractured mudstone: Insights from laboratory tests and DEM simulation","authors":"Huaicen Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Bao ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Cong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Tang ,&nbsp;Pengliang Dang ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fractured mudstone is prone to structural failure due to weak cementation, low strength, and fissured texture. This study investigated the mechanical behavior and crack evolution of grouted fractured mudstone using uniaxial compression test (UCT), direct shear test (DST), and discrete element method (DEM) simulation. Results indicated that silica-sol grouted specimens under UCT exhibited a higher compressive strength and ductility, with cracks deviating from both sides of the prefabricated fracture, whereas a concentrated and stable shear band was detected in the cement-grouted specimen under the DST, thus improving resistance to the slippage on the interface. Crack evolution was strongly governed by the interaction between fracture inclination and stress state, with a larger inclination angle across the failure zone of the tested specimens. It was revealed from DEM analysis that the rupture and redistribution of strong-force chains during the late loading stage led to the stress concentration and crack penetration. Although an increase in the grouting thickness improved a load-bearing capacity, it also intensified the crack propagation, especially under the UCT. These findings deepen the micromechanical understanding of crack initiation and propagation, providing a theoretical basis for modeling and mitigating failure in grouted fractured rock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105038"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}