American Journal of Environment Studies最新文献

{"title":"Regulatory Compliance and Factors that Influence Compliance with the Nile Perch Slot Size Regulation among Fish Traders in Nairobi County - Kenya","authors":"W. Kyalo, Ephraim Wairangu","doi":"10.47672/ajes.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.296","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Effective management of fisheries resources can be significantly undermined by non-compliance with regulations. This study sought to determine compliance with the Nile Perch slot size regulation among fish traders in Nairobi County, explore their perceptions on the regulation and determine factors that influence compliance.Method: The research adopted a combination of both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to fish traders to determine compliance, obtain a general picture of their attitudes towards compliance and determine factors that influence compliance with the fisheries regulation on Nile Perch slot size requirements. A total of 148 fish traders were enumerated by simple random sampling. Only fish traders dealing with Nile Perch trade were included in the study, three fish traders declined to participate in the study leaving an average response rate of 98%. The questionnaire was followed up with more in-depth semi-structured key informant interviews with 14 stakeholders consisting of fisheries staff deployed to the fish markets and the County fisheries office as well as leaders in the fish market committees in order to obtain a thorough understanding of the factors leading to non-compliance. The average duration of interviews was half hour and were conducted at their places of work. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted with fish traders from the two main fish markets in the city in order to provide a deeper understanding of the drivers of non-compliance among fish traders.  The FGDs comprised of 12 and 8 members from Gikomba and City markets respectively. Results: The results revealed 87% levels of non-compliance among fish traders. The study revealed that weak enforcement, poverty and lack of knowledge of the importance of the regulation as significant factors for non-compliance.Policy recommendation: It is recommended that capacity building programmes are necessary to increase voluntary compliance and an effective enforcement is recommended to help deter fish traders from engaging in illegal fish trade.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115926966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEAVY METALS","authors":"Smaranika Jena, Surjendu Kumar Dey","doi":"10.1201/9780203742488-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203742488-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study investigated on heavy metalsMethodology: The study used desktop study research design.Results: Phytoremediation has been perceived to be a more environmentally-friendly “green” and low tech alternative to more active and intrusive remedial methods.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The potential role of both free living and symbiotic soil microbes in the rhizosphere of plants growing in metal-contaminated soils in enhancing the phytoremediation process can be an important tool to support the technology. The outcome of undergoing genetic engineering investigation concerning plants applicable in phytoremediation may also lead to a better understanding of metal metabolism in plants, which can result in important contributions for the implementation of phytoremediation as a feasible soil remediation technology.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121508651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTRIBUTION OF JGI REDD+PROJECT IN ADDRESSING DEFORESTATION, CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOODS IN WESTERN TANZANIA: A CASE OF ILAGALA, KARAGO AND KIRANDO VILLAGES","authors":"J. Makunga, S. Misana","doi":"10.47672/ajes.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.233","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study examined the contribution of REDD+ in addressing deforestation, climate variability and people’s livelihoods in three villages of Ilagala, Karago and Kirando, within the REDD+ Masito-Ugalla ecosystem in Uvinza District, Tanzania. Methodology: The methods used were household interviews, semi-structured interview, focus group discussions, field observations, analysis of meteorological data, as well as remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). A total of 101 households were randomly selected for the study. Results: The trend of the mean annual rainfall and rainfall deviations from the annual mean revealed the presence of climate variability. Majority of the respondents agreed that climate variability was happening in their area. Deforestation and forest degradation were also a problem in the area as evidenced by expansion of cultivation at the expense of other vegetation types and opening up of the closed woodlands. The findings further revealed that majority of respondents were aware about REDD+ objectives and that the project had provided conservation education to local communities and supported them to alleviate poverty through establishing entrepreneurship groups within the project area, each group dealing with a specific activity, including beekeeping and poultry. Majority of the respondents said they were able to support the education needs of their children as benefits accrued to them during REDD+ operation. The contribution of REDD+ project in minimizing deforestation, climate variability and improving people’s livelihoods was manifested through training of forest monitors and fire breakers and establishment of community projects. The REDD+ performance, however, was reported to be on average. Also due to its short operation period, REDD+ did not significantly contribute to people’s livelihoods.   Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study has provided important lessons on the importance and opportunities offered by REDD+ in addressing forest conservation and providing livelihood benefits to the local communities. Although REDD+ policies and projects are geared towards addressing climate change mitigation, if well designed, they can go a long way in alleviating poverty while at the same time conserving the forests. What is required is for nations to identify what the needs of the local communities and the desired benefits in the respective areas are and build into the REDD+ projects strategies that would adequately address those needs and provide the required benefits.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117110246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FISH TRADERS’ DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONEMNTAL SITUATION OF THE FISH MARKET","authors":"A. Mwangi, R. Kerich, T. Aloo","doi":"10.47672/ajes.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.24","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of fish traders’ demographic factors on the environmental situation of the fish market.Methodology: A descriptive survey design was used for the research. The target for the study was the fish traders of Gikomba fish market, Nairobi. Random sampling of fish traders was done from a register, using Fischer’s formulae, to calculate the number of respondents. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and was processed using EXCEL and SPSS software packages. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages,) and inferential statistics (Chi square and Logistic Regression) were used to explain the variables. 54% of the respondents did not get piped water.Results: Majority (60.5%) of the respondents noted that fish wastes had a negative effect on the environment. Chi square tests results for fish operator practices in most attributes was   statistically associated with environmental situation (P< 0.05). Logistic regression tests results proved that practices such as use of water, disposal of wastes, use of protective clothing and participation in cleanups had a statistically significant influence on the environmental situation (P< 0.05).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The research recommended that the Department of Fisheries needs to review the modalities for fish handling throughout the marketing chain. Emphasis should be put on disposal of fish wastes in the major fish markets, fish wastes recycling options, training of fish operators and capacity development of staff. ","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128145460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRADER’S FISH HANDLING PRACTICES, PERCEPTIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON GOVERNMENT’S SANITATION GUIDELINES IN GIKOMBA MARKET, NAIROBI","authors":"A. Mwangi, R. Kerich, T. Aloo","doi":"10.47672/ajes.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.26","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the trader’s fish handling practices, perceptions on environmental management and level of awareness on government’s sanitation guidelines in Gikomba market, Nairobi.Methodology: A descriptive survey design was used for the research. The target for the study was the fish traders of Gikomba fish market, Nairobi. Random sampling of fish traders was done from a register, using Fischer’s formulae, to calculate the number of respondents. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and was processed using EXCEL and SPSS software packages. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages,) and inferential statistics (Chi square and Logistic Regression) were used to explain the variables. 54% of the respondents did not get piped water.Results: The overall findings led to a support of the key research hypotheses that fish handling practices is significantly related to the environmental situation (P<0.05), perception on environmental management is significantly related to the environmental situation (P<0.05), and awareness on institutional guidelines is significantly related to the environmental situation(P<0.05).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The research recommended that Emphasis should be put on disposal of fish wastes in the major fish markets, fish wastes recycling options, training of fish operators and capacity development of staff.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124770783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NGONG FOREST DEPENDENCE AND HOUSEHOLD WELFARE","authors":"Dorothy K. Mwera, W. Nyangena, Kamau Gathiaka","doi":"10.47672/ajes.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.256","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study attempted to examine the economic contribution made by Ngong forest to rural households that surround it.Methodology: The study area that the sample was drawn from was the Kibiko Holding Ground with a population of 1,025 and 199 households. The study population was 199 households as households were the study unit. A sample size of 55 households was identified through systematic random sampling. Results: indicated that the forest resources that are mostly extracted by the households are firewood, followed by honey, poles, vegetables and finally medicinal herbs. Study results also revealed that only the count of livestock and the quintile income mattered in the extraction of forest resources. The rest of the socioeconomic factors (gender, literacy, years of education, age, family size, family composition, sickness shocks) did not matter for forest resource extraction.Conclusion and Recommendation: The study concluded that poorer households are more resource dependent than the rich. In addition, forest income contributes significantly towards household welfare. Hence, an effort to balance between environmental concerns and sustainable livelihoods should ensure that families living in the area are paid an equivalent KES 5,309 per month to alleviate their suffering in case they were to be translocated to other non forest areas.  ","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133217794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}