American Journal of Environment Studies最新文献

{"title":"Web-Based Geographic Information System for Location Based Healthcare Service Delivery within Akure Metropolis","authors":"Ijaware Victor Ayodele, Egahi Gideon Emmaogboji","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1842","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research project addresses the pressing issue of healthcare access within Akure Metropolis, Nigeria, through the development of a web-based Health Geoinformation System (HGS). Akure, like many urban centers in developing countries, faces significant challenges in healthcare delivery, including uneven distribution of facilities and limited access to reliable health information. In response to these challenges, this study leverages Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to create an innovative solution aimed at enhancing accessibility and information dissemination. Grounded in the context of Nigeria's healthcare system, the research identifies the need for an integrated approach to address the complex spatial dynamics of healthcare provision. \u0000Materials and Methods: Methodologically, the project combines primary data collection on the characteristics of health facilities in Akure with secondary data sources, including existing health records. A total of 100 healthcare facilities were located and identified for this study, with comprehensive information collected through three sets of questionnaires directed to healthcare facility managers and professionals, hospital management bodies, and the public. The data collection process employed Binary Logistic Regression to test research hypotheses, with charts utilized to represent public responses to the posed questions. Spatial representation and analysis were central to this study, with techniques such as Nearest Neighbor Analysis employed to assess the distribution and accessibility of health facilities. \u0000Findings: The results from this analysis revealed significant spatial patterns and disparities in healthcare facility distribution within Akure Metropolis. Notably, the study found that a developed web-based system having user-friendly functionalities like facility search, mapping, and route selection, among others, aids individuals in making informed decisions about their healthcare options. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The results underline the potential of web-based systems to enhance healthcare access and decision-making processes in urban areas like Akure and further emphasize the significance of incorporating GIS technology into healthcare service delivery.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Dwarf Crocodile (Osteolaemus Tetraspis Cope, 1861) Populations on the Outskirts of the Ebo Forest: Implications for Conservation","authors":"Agbor James Ayamba, Tsiaze Kuete Thomas, Harrison Nnoko Ajebe, Ndjounguep Juscar, Prossie Manual Venceslas","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1768","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study was carried out in three riparian areas of the Ebo forest (Iboti, Lognanga and Ndokmem-North zones) to determine the distribution and status of dwarf crocodiles, and environmental factors influencing their distributions.   \u0000Materials and Methods: Survey on the various listed sites were carried out during the months of April, May and June 2023. The Qgis software was used to produce the distribution map of dwarf crocodiles in the periphery of the Ebo forest from the coordinates recorded at 11 water points using a GPS and 37 fishermen/ hunters were interview. \u0000Findings: The species were classified according to their status defined according to the IUCN red list protocol. The study showed that of the 11 water points studied, 6 were home to dwarf crocodiles, representing a proportion of 54.54%. Although we did not observed dwarf crocodiles in the watercourses in the Iboti zone, their presence is more established in the Lognanga zone (60%) than in the Ndokmem-north zone (40%). The average density of dwarf crocodiles in the periphery of the Ebo forest is around 0.50 crocodiles/km of riverbank covered. This implies that the population of dwarf crocodiles is decreasing and there is high need to increase conservation efforts to protect it from disappearing within the Ebo forest area. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: To guarantee the survival and viability of crocodiles in the periphery of the Ebo forest, it is necessary to opt for organic agriculture, monitoring the quality of rivers and water bodies and regular ecological monitoring of crocodiles.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"147 1-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Dwarf Crocodile (Osteolaemus Tetraspis Cope, 1861) Populations on the Outskirts of the Ebo Forest: Implications for Conservation","authors":"Agbor James Ayamba, Tsiaze Kuete Thomas, Harrison Nnoko Ajebe, Ndjounguep Juscar, Prossie Manual Venceslas","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1768","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study was carried out in three riparian areas of the Ebo forest (Iboti, Lognanga and Ndokmem-North zones) to determine the distribution and status of dwarf crocodiles, and environmental factors influencing their distributions.   \u0000Materials and Methods: Survey on the various listed sites were carried out during the months of April, May and June 2023. The Qgis software was used to produce the distribution map of dwarf crocodiles in the periphery of the Ebo forest from the coordinates recorded at 11 water points using a GPS and 37 fishermen/ hunters were interview. \u0000Findings: The species were classified according to their status defined according to the IUCN red list protocol. The study showed that of the 11 water points studied, 6 were home to dwarf crocodiles, representing a proportion of 54.54%. Although we did not observed dwarf crocodiles in the watercourses in the Iboti zone, their presence is more established in the Lognanga zone (60%) than in the Ndokmem-north zone (40%). The average density of dwarf crocodiles in the periphery of the Ebo forest is around 0.50 crocodiles/km of riverbank covered. This implies that the population of dwarf crocodiles is decreasing and there is high need to increase conservation efforts to protect it from disappearing within the Ebo forest area. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: To guarantee the survival and viability of crocodiles in the periphery of the Ebo forest, it is necessary to opt for organic agriculture, monitoring the quality of rivers and water bodies and regular ecological monitoring of crocodiles.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation of PAH's using Pleurotus ostreatus","authors":"Favour Oghenero Efenudu","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1721","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to investigates Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) fungi's strain efficacy in degrading oil contaminants, specifically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). \u0000Materials and Methods: The experiment involved spiking sterilized soil samples with PAHs at concentrations of 200 ppm and 20 ppm for 18 different PAHs. The process, conducted twice for reliability, included allowing P. ostreatus mycelium to proliferate over twenty days. \u0000Findings: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed a significant 90% degradation rate for certain PAHs. Intriguingly, even in samples without P. ostreatus mycelium, a level of degradation occurred, indicating the participation of indigenous microorganisms or abiotic processes. The study underscores P. ostreatus' potential for PAH degradation and emphasizes the importance of natural remediation techniques for oil-contaminated soils. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Recommendations include exploring factors influencing the degradation process and analyzing the soil's microbial community. Further research is needed to maximize P. ostreatus' environmental remediation applications.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"61 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Pangolin Availability and Trade in Selected States of Southern, Nigeria","authors":"T.A Ampitan, S. Halidu, S.R Ajayi, D. Oyeleye, A. J. Adeola, J. Zaccheus","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1647","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The Study ascertain Pangolin availability and trade in five selected states of Nigeria.   Materials and Methods: Purposive sampling was use to select their involvement in wildlife trade especially Pangolins. Questionnaire was administered as interview guide to seventeen accessible marketers of wild animals and data were subjected to descriptive statistics and measure of central tendency. Findings: All marketers were married women, between ages 35-54 years, 47.2% had 1-10years business experience with 17.6% having 31-40 years business experience, 94% of respondents confirmed reduction in population of pangolin from the flow of supply through hunters, twelve dollars fourteen cents was the price depending on the size, Phataginus tricuspis was mostly traded and 21 species of wildlife were traded by these marketers. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: A proactive step should be taken by relevant stakeholders to reduce trade in pangolin, through stringent legislation, intensive conservation education, provision of alternative sources of livelihood to both the hunters and marketers in the study areas.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rivers Monitoring System Using Deep Learning Technique","authors":"Wisam Wazir, Mudafar Zuhiri, A. Abdulsadda","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1562","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aquatic environment, including rivers and lakes, is crucial for the breeding and survival of fish and other animals. \u0000Findings: However, these environments are vulnerable to both intentional and unintentional environmental pollution, which can have detrimental effects on the ecosystem and its inhabitants. \u0000Methodology: Therefore, there is a pressing need for continuous monitoring of the aquatic environment to detect and address pollution in a timely manner. The challenge lies in establishing a monitoring system that can provide a continuous flow of information regarding the quality and health of the aquatic environment. Traditional monitoring methods often involve costly and time-consuming procedures, limiting their effectiveness in providing real-time data. \u0000Recommendations: To address this, there is a demand for low-cost and timely sensor technologies that can be deployed extensively to monitor various parameters of the aquatic environment, such as water quality, pollution levels, and ecosystem health. The proposed system one step for developing and implementation a low-cost sensor technology that are capable of monitoring various parameters of the aquatic environment. To be established a robust and scalable monitoring system that can handle large-scale deployment of sensors in rivers and lakes.","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133072873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-Temporal Changes of Limoto Wetland Land Use/Cover Before, During and After Restoration Activities in Eastern Uganda","authors":"John Ochoko, Bernad Barasa, S. Luyiga, J. Magaya","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1482","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Limoto Wetland is an arm of the Mpologoma wetland system in the Kyoga basin and is a vital ecosystem that supports rural livelihoods through the provision of various ecological goods and services. However, this ecosystem has been undergoing rapid degradation arising from competing land uses particularly paddy rice growing. In turn, this led to reduced capacity of the wetland to provide ecosystem services, thereby reducing the resilience of both the ecosystem and the livelihoods of adjacent communities. Interventions through a restoration program that introduced alternative livelihood options were instituted. It’s important to document these changes to obtain insights that can aid decision-making for effective restoration and conservation. This study, therefore, sought to examine the spatial-temporal changes in Limoto wetland land use/cover transitions for the years 2015, 2020, and 2022. \u0000Methodology: To quantify the wetland changes, remotely sensed imageries for 2015, 2020, and 2022 were utilized in classifying land use and land cover dynamics on Limoto Wetland through the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. A total of 500 points were collected from different land use/cover types and used as reference points to develop the image error matrices. Overall accuracy, producer’s and user’s accuracies as well as Kappa statistics were generated from the error matrices. A Kappa test was carried out to measure the extent of classification accuracy; the Kappa coefficient, K, being a coefficient of agreement. It reflects the difference between the actual agreement of classification with reference data and the agreement expected by chance. \u0000Findings: Results generally showed that five years after the restoration program (2020), Limoto wetlands regained over 50% of previously converted wetlands to farming. Papyrus coverage also more than doubled from 3.4% to 11.35% of the total wetland coverage. Farms degraded over the past years (1986-2019). However, in 2022, wetland coverage declined drastically as farming took up more than half of the coverage (55%) land, and built-up areas also increased. These changes between 2015-2020 were majorly driven by the introduction of alternative livelihood options which vacated communities from the wetland. \u0000Recommendation: The changes after 2020 were due to the unsustainability of the livelihood options and the effects of the Covid-19 lockdown which rendered only farming as the socio-economic activity, coupled with movement restrictions that curtailed monitoring and control of activities in wetlands by enforcers. The study recommends community-tailored, tenable, and sustainable alternative livelihood options to influence community-led wetland restoration and conservation to curb the continuous loss of this wetland. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128089573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Management Functions (Planning, Implementation, and Control) in Influencing the Restoration of Limoto Wetland","authors":"John Kameri Ochoko, S. Luyiga, Bernad Barasa","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1465","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the gap between wetland management functions and the extent of wise use and sustainable harnessing of livelihood opportunities through restoration programs. This study contributes to the comprehension of wetland management functions concerning wetland restoration through the promotion of sustainable livelihoods. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and interviews. FGD was conducted with five groups of beneficiaries of livelihood options. Interviews were carried out with seven key informants who were thought to be knowledgeable about the wetland restoration alternative livelihood options. These included local council chairmen from communities near the wetland, village opinion leaders, district natural resources officers, IUCN Representatives, NEMA officials, and the wetland department. \u0000Findings: Results showed a positive but insignificant relationship between planning function and restoration activities. Furthermore, results also indicated a negative significant relationship between implementation and restoration activities. Finally, findings revealed that there was a relationship between the control function and restoration activities. It was found out that Wetland restoration is a process that helps to transform the wetland area that has been impacted by human or natural activity into an area that can sustain native habitats. Wetlands cover 6% of global and 13% of Uganda's land cover. Over the past forty-five years, wetlands have lost 30% and 36% of land cover globally and in Uganda respectively. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: Many wetlands, particularly those in rural Uganda are, however, getting degraded through mainly conversion of land use to agriculture, exploitation, and settlements despite the existing resource management regime. The study recommends inclusive management functions to achieve a successful wetland restoration. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"510 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127034882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wetland Restoration Dilemma in Uganda: Investigation of Alternative Livelihood Options for Restoring Limoto Wetland in Eastern Uganda","authors":"John Kameri Ochoko, S. Luyiga, Bernad Barasa","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1462","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Motion 145 adopted by the 5th IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2012, called for an evaluation of alternative livelihood programs' contributions to biodiversity conservation. And since then, alternative livelihood opportunities are employed globally as a way to protect biodiversity, notably for wetlands. This study aims to advance the evaluation of alternative livelihood options' effects on biodiversity. The objective of the study is to describe the effectiveness of alternative livelihood options in the restoration of the Limoto wetland.                       \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and interviews. FGDs were conducted with five groups of beneficiaries of livelihoods options. Interviews were carried out with seven key informants who were considered to be knowledgeable about the wetland restoration alternative livelihood options. These included village local council chairpersons from communities near the wetland, opinion leaders, district natural resources officers, IUCN Representative, NEMA official and wetland department. \u0000Findings: The study revealed that the livelihood options initiated for Limoto wetland restoration were ineffective and unsustainable. While, the study further revealed that the wetland restoration program had led to food shortages due to loss of wetland farmland. The study findings showed that re-encroachment was substantially due to a lack of perceived relevance and dissatisfaction with the alternative livelihood options. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study concludes that wetland re-encroachment is caused by the beneficiaries’ dissatisfaction of the alternative livelihood options introduced. Therefore, the study recommends the alternative livelihood options be determined using a co-creating design, where the communities are involved and this is in accordance with National Environment Act No.5, 2019 Uganda. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127781633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Trends and Effects of Flood Occurrences in the Shire River Basin in Chikwawa District of Malawi: A Historical Perspective (1980 - 2019)","authors":"Daniel Nakapu Hussein, Professor Maarifa Ali Mwakumanya, Professor Mwakio Mwakio Tole","doi":"10.47672/ajes.1435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1435","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine historical trends in flooding in Malawi’s Shire River Basin (SRB). The basin is prone to severe flooding and most affected in the country. For many years, flooding has posed a significant threat to communities in and around the basin. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to document the historical perspective of flood occurrences in terms of frequency and impact in the Shire River Basin of Chikwawa District, Malawi, from 1980 to 2019.      \u0000Methodology: A mixed survey design was used for the study. Both random and purposive sampling were used to identify participants. A total of 384 respondents took part in the study. The study collected both primary and secondary data. Primary sources of data were collected using household surveys, interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions, while secondary sources of data were collected using documents from both non-governmental and Malawian governmental departments and agencies (MDAs) as well as existing literature. Data from focus group discussions (FGDs), interviews with community elders (CEIs), and key informant interviews (KIIs) were recorded in Chichewa with a voice recorder, transcribed in Chichewa, and then translated into English. Household survey data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 25 and secondary data were converted to time series data and then analysed using STATA software to produce charts and graphs.   \u0000Findings: The results showed that all three hydrometeorological extremes (mean annual temperature, average rainfall and baseflow index) increased, suggesting that both the intensity and frequency of flooding in the Shire River Basin of Chikwawa District were also increasing in absolute terms. People’s perceptions of flooding showed that the Shire River Basin in Chikwawa District experienced excessive flooding every 5 years. This 5-year cycle was, among other factors the result of climate change and forest loss in the study area, leading to an increase in river sedimentation. \u0000Recommendations: This article found that the local people in the Shire River Basin of Chikwawa District will always live with increasing levels of flooding. Therefore, they should be proactive in flood management and understand the process as an ongoing activity for future risk assessment. Analysing the history of river basin flooding is important as it helps the Malawi's Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA) officials to be alert and estimate the time frame for the next flood in the Shire River Basin of Chikwawa District to strengthen the flood forecasting accuracy. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":228652,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environment Studies","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132657154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}