The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific最新文献

{"title":"Consolidative and salvage thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) with first-line chemoimmunotherapy: a retrospective study from a single cancer center","authors":"Aihua Lan ,&nbsp;Huiling Dong ,&nbsp;Zhiqin Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiao Chu ,&nbsp;Zhengfei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) continues to have poor outcome despite the survival improvements achieved by chemoimmunotherapy. Controversy exists regarding the survival effectiveness of consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (cTRT), and the role of salvage thoracic radiotherapy (sTRT) remains unexplored in the immunotherapy era. To address these issues, we conducted this retrospective study to investigate the impacts of cTRT and sTRT in ES-SCLC, and to compare the survival benefits of the two treatment regimes. ES-SCLC patients without baseline brain metastases receiving standard first-line chemoimmunotherapy were included in our study, cohorts were divided by treatment with cTRT, sTRT and no TRT. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were performed for comparison of survival between different groups. Univariable and multivariate analyses were carried out for further estimating the survival effectiveness of TRT. A total of 100 ES-SCLC patients without baseline brain metastases were included in our study, with 24 (24.0%) were allocated to the cTRT group, 18 (18.0%) were allocated to the sTRT group, and 58 (58.0%) to the No TRT group. cTRT dramatically decreased the rate of intrathoracic failure compared to sTRT and No TRT (29.4% vs. 60.0%). Moreover, patients who received cTRT had better overall survival (OS) compared to those who did not receive cTRT (median OS, not reached vs. 14.1 months; HR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.22-0.70, P=0.01). However, cTRT did not show significantly superior OS compared to sTRT alone (median OS, not reached vs. 21.0 months; HR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.27-1.66, P=0.39). In contrast, patients with only thoracic oligo-progression receiving sTRT (N=13) harbored better OS compared to patients with the same progression pattern in No TRT group (N=20) (median OS, 28.6 vs. 13.8 months; HR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.20-0.98, P=0.04). In conclusion, our study demonstrated in the chemoimmunotherapy era that cTRT greatly reduced the rate of initial intrathoracic failure and significantly improved the OS of ES-SCLC. Additionally, sTRT showed similar OS benefits with cTRT, and exhibits better OS compared to No TRT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101373"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and accuracy of artificial intelligence–assisted sponge cytology for screening of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: a multi-center cohort study","authors":"Zhiyuan Fan ,&nbsp;Shanrui Ma ,&nbsp;Ye Gao ,&nbsp;Feifan He ,&nbsp;Xinqing Li ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101292","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEJ) present significant health challenges in China, often diagnosed at advanced stages with poor prognoses. Screening is the pivotal strategy to relieve the burden of ESCC and AEJ in high-risk areas. Even though endoscopy has proven effective in the early detection of both cancers in high-prevalence regions, its invasiveness and resource-intensiveness make it impractical for large-scale screening. Therefore, developing a less invasive and readily accessible method with good diagnostic accuracy to identify high-risk individuals before endoscopy is urgently needed. We aim to evaluate the acceptability and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted sponge cytology tests using a novel cell collection device for ESCC and AEJ screening in Chinese high-risk regions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Participants aged 50 years or older were recruited in five high-risk regions of ESCC and AEJ. Cells from esophagus and esophagogastric junction were collected using a novel and minimally invasive capsule sponge, and cytology slides were scanned by a trained AI system. The qualitative outcomes (indicating the location of abnormal cells) and quantitative outcomes (counts of total scanned cells, potentially abnormal cells and 105 cytological features) were reported. Participants scored acceptability immediately following the procedure on a scale of 0 (least) to 10 (most acceptable). Endoscopy was performed subsequently with biopsy as needed. Feature selection was performed using Boruta algorithm. Lasso logistic regression model was developed to predict a composite outcome of high-grade lesions (ESCC, AEJ and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia), with cytological features and epidemiological features as the predictive features. Model performance was primarily measured with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Internal validation of the prediction models was performed using the 1000-bootstrap resample.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 1852 participants were enrolled and completed the study procedure. No serious adverse events were documented during the cell collection process, and acceptability scores were 10 (72.1%), 9 (19.8%), 8 (3.8%), 7 (1.5%) and 6 (0.9%). 30 (1.6%) participants were diagnosed with high-grade lesions confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. The lasso logistic model achieved an AUC of 0.902 (95%&lt;em&gt;CI&lt;/em&gt;: 0.851, 0.952) for detecting high-grade lesions, outperforming that of the cytological diagnosis and the sole use of abnormal cell counts. Internal validation of the model by bootstrap analysis was used, and the mean AUC of the model was 0.9 (95%&lt;em&gt;CI&lt;/em&gt;: 0.845, 0.944).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We demonstrate the safety and acceptability of AI-assisted sponge cytology in high-risk regions, with high accuracy for detecting ESCC, AEJ and their precursor","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumescence and sharp versus electrocautery dissection in minimal access mastectomy: a real-world retrospective cohort study","authors":"Yiwen Lu,&nbsp;Xinyu Ou,&nbsp;Zhihan Liu,&nbsp;Shicheng Su","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tumescence and sharp or electrocautery techniques have been employed during skin flap development in minimal access nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate prosthesis breast reconstruction. Our study evaluated the impact of techniques on complications after this surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this real-world retrospective cohort study, 5436 individuals undergoing NSM from 12 centers in China were identified. After exclusions and propensity score matching (PSM), a total of 1252 female breast cancer patients who underwent minimal access NSM with immediate prosthesis breast reconstruction between January 2016 and December 2022 were included. The effect of surgical techniques on the perioperative outcomes and postoperative complications was investigated using logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at P&lt; .05.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>After PSM, we found that patients in the tumescence and sharp dissection group (n=313) experienced significantly lower rates of necrotic complications (5.8% vs 13.0%; P= .001), infection (2.6% vs 5.6%; P= .041), implant loss (0.3% vs 2.2%; P= .025), and had shorter mean operation time (median [IQR] min, 177.0 [132.0-219.0] min, and 201.0 [143.0-249.0] min; P&lt; .001), compared with those in the electrocautery dissection group (n=939).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Tumescence and sharp dissection might be a better option in skip flap development during minimal access NSM with immediate prosthesis breast reconstruction, in regard to operation time and surgical complications. A limitation is the variation in surgeons’ skills across multiple centers.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div><span>National Key Research and Development Program of China</span> (2023YFC3404500), the <span>Natural Science Foundation of China</span> (92057210, 82125017, 82173064, 92359302, 82322030), <span>Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou</span> (202103000070, 202201020479), and the <span>New Cornerstone Science Foundation</span> through the New Cornerstone Investigator Program and the XPLORER PRIZE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101342"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of lung cancer risk prediction models to select lung cancer screening participants in China: a real-world analysis in regional healthcare big data, Yinzhou, China","authors":"Ziqing Ye ,&nbsp;Yongyue Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A number of lung cancer prediction models have been developed worldwide. However, few validation studies have been conducted on Chinese populations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of 17 global lung cancer risk prediction models when applied to Chinese healthcare big data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included individuals with information recorded in the Yinzhou regional health care database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021. Seventeen lung cancer risk prediction models (Bach, Spitz, Hoggart, PLCO_m2012, Korean Men, PLCO_all2014, Pittsburgh Predictor, LLPi, LCRAT, HUNT, JPHC, Reduced HUNT, LLPv3, LCRS, OWL, UCL-I, Shanghai-LCM) were evaluated for their performance in overall population and subgroups. The discrimination of the 17 models was assessed using the Harrell's C-index and time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) as metrics. The calibration of the models was evaluated using the expected-to-observed ratio (EOR) and calibration curves. Moreover, the models were recalibrated in the Yinzhou population, and the calibration of the recalibrated models was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A total of 907,200 study participants were included in the analysis, comprising 69,263 smokers and 837,937 non-smokers. Of the 17 models initially considered, only 6 (Bach, Hoggart, Pittsburgh Predictor, JPHC, Reduced HUNT, UCL-I) were available in the Yinzhou regional health care database with complete predictor data. Models that predicted risk over a ten-year period (Bach, JPHC, LCRS, and Shanghai-LCM) exhibited C-indices and AUCs of 0.75 or greater in the ever smokers. The majority of models demonstrated an overestimation of incidence risk in the ever smokers and an underestimation in the never smokers. The JPHC and LCRS models exhibited the most optimal calibration curves and the best EOR, whereas the other prediction models had suboptimal calibration. After recalibration, all models showed improved calibration; meanwhile, the JPHC and LCRS models retained the highest level of calibration.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Only six models can be directly applied to the Yinzhou regional health care database. The JPHC model developed for the Japanese population and the LCRS model developed based on the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) performed better in the Chinese population than other models.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>This work was supported by the <span>National Natural Science Foundation of China</span> (82473728 to Y.W.) and <span>Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province</span>, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy and serology for screening precancerous high-risk events of gastric cancer: a cross-sectional study (SIGES)","authors":"Yuan Yang ,&nbsp;Mao-Yao Wen ,&nbsp;Yan Huang ,&nbsp;Xin-Zu Chen ,&nbsp;SIGES Research Group","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101413","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gastric cancer is a common malignancy in China, while screening and early detection of its precancerous high-risk events might help surveillance of high-risk subpopulation and improve the population survival. Magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) emerged as a novel, non-invasive, and better compliant diagnostic method for screening gastric cancer and precancerous high-risk conditions, such as atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric polyp. The effectiveness of MCCG and the feasibility of sequential serology-MCCG protocol need to be preliminarily assessed in the aspect of screening precancerous high-risk events of gastric cancer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This cross-sectional study collected health check-up observations (18-75 years old) at the Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between 2018 and 2020. Demographic data were retrieved including sex, age, ethnicity, education level, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, and family history of cancers. Those observations had undergone MCCG and relevant serologic examinations including pepsinogen-I (PG-I), pepsinogen-II (PG-II), PG-I/-II ratio (PGR), gastrin-17 (G-17), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Major findings from MCCG concerned tumor and high-risk precancerous events, i.e. chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), gastric ulcer, and gastric polyp. The primary outcome measure was all high-risk events, while the second outcome measures were any of the above events. The detection rate of MCCG was estimated, and the predictive strengthen of serology on MCCG findings was analyzed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 1,432 eligible healthy check-up persons were included. MCCG reported none tumor and 114 cases with any precancerous high-risk event. The overall detection rate was 79.6‰ (95% CI 66.7‰-94.8‰) for all high-risk events, while the specific detection rates were 15.4‰ (95% CI 10.1‰-23.2‰) for CAG, 14.7‰ (95% CI 9.6‰-22.4‰) for gastric ulcers, and 55.2‰ (44.5‰-68.3‰) for gastric polyp, respectively. Compared between MCCG-positive (all high-risk events) and MCCG-negative groups, the baselines were generally comparable, with the only exception of age. The elder persons appeared significantly higher rates of high-risk events (P&lt;0.001), particularly increased as ≥60 years old. All the levels of serologic examinations were not significantly different between MCCG-positive and MCCG-negative groups. However, regarding CAG outcome dataset, the levels PG-I (median 58.9 ug/L, IQR 44.3 ug/L-85.2 ug/L, P=0.016) and PGR (median 6.2, IQR 3.4-9.5, P=0.017) were significantly lower in the CAG group, as well as G-17 (P=0.009). The serology couldn’t well predict in all high-risk events dataset, but serologic CAG performed great predictive strength for MCCG CAG (adjusted diagnostic odds ratio [aDOR]=10.40, 95% CI 2.08-51.98; SPE=98.6%; LR+=8.85). Additionally, CA19-9 sero","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101413"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in burden of liver cancer and underlying etiologies in China, 1990−2021","authors":"Menglong Li ,&nbsp;Huiming He ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengying Guan ,&nbsp;Nourhan Khattab ,&nbsp;Galal Elshishiney ,&nbsp;Hong You ,&nbsp;Yifei Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101385","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liver cancer remains a challenging global health issue. In 2020, China accounted for 45.3% of new liver cancer cases worldwide. The high incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer highlight its profound impact, reflected in a mere 12.1% 5-year survival rate in China, posing significant challenges in managing and treating this disease.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Data on the number of cases, age-specific rates and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence, incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) attributed to liver cancer (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10]: C22.0-22.8 and a proportion of C22.9) and its six etiologies (liver cancer due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol use, other causes, NASH and hepatoblastoma) in China between 1990 and 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Five-year relative survival rates were estimated using the formula (1–mortality/ incidence) ×100. Temporal trends in liver cancer burden were determined by percent changes and average annual percent change (AAPC). Decomposition analysis was conducted to understand the contributions of population aging, population growth, and epidemiological change to the observed trends.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In 2021, the number of liver cancer burden in terms of prevalence, incidence, deaths, and DALYs are 265,539, 196,637, 172,068, and 4,890,023, respectively. The corresponding age-standardized rates were 13.29 (95% UI: 10.75–16.41), 9.52 (95% UI: 7.72–11.78), 8.35 (95% UI: 6.80–10.29), 239.91 (95% UI: 191.98–299.37) per 100,000. The number of prevalence, incidence, deaths and DALYs attributed to liver cancer showed an increasing trend, primarily driven by population aging, then population growth. Meanwhile, decreasing trends were observed in age-standardized death and DALY rates, with AAPCs of –0.32% (95% CI: –0.35% to –0.27%) and –0.79% (95% CI: –0.86% to –0.71%), respectively. Stratified by six etiologies, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol use, NASH, and other causes generally showed increasing trends in incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs. Conversely, the burden of hepatoblastoma showed a decreasing trend. The liver cancer burden in 2021 was mainly caused due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and alcohol use. Differences in age patterns of liver cancer burden were observed, and the 5-year relative survival rates decreased by age with an overall rate of 12.27%, not far from the goal of 15% by 2030.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study provides a comprehensive overview of the liver cancer burden in China across both sexes and underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021. The incidence, prevalence, death and DALY attributed to liver cancer have shown an increasing trend, primarily driven by population aging, followed by population growth. In 2021, the burden of liver cancer was mainly caused due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C,","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101385"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Better control of cancer in China by helping people quit smoking","authors":"Ho Cheung William LI ,&nbsp;Wei Xia ,&nbsp;Lishan Li ,&nbsp;Oi Kwan Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101289","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Smoking causes multiple types of cancers and chronic respiratory diseases. Evidence also shows that exposure to second-hand smoke for non-smoking spouses of smokers increases their risk of developing lung cancer by 20-30%. To better prevent the growth of cancer, it is crucial to help people quit smoking. We evaluated the effectiveness of a brief self-determination theory-based smoking cessation for smokers at emergency departments (ED) in China Hong Kong in real-world settings.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A multicentre, single-arm, open-label, nonrandomized trial was conducted at four EDs of public hospitals in China Hong Kong. Current smokers aged 18 years or older and triaged as semi-urgent or non-urgent were included. Participants received brief counselling using the AWARD (Ask, Warn, Advise, Refer and Do-it-again) model, and active referral provided by trained health care professionals (HCPs). Referred participants received proactive telephone calls offering cessation counselling from the referred smoking cessation service provider. The primary outcome was biochemically validated abstinence at 6 months. The trial was prospectively registered in &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;svg&gt;&lt;path&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Identifier &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;NCT03818360&lt;/span&gt;&lt;svg&gt;&lt;path&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Between 30 August 2019 and 26 November 2021, 1601 eligible individuals were enrolled and included in the analyses. Most participants were males (1443/1601, 90%) and participants' mean age was 48 (standard deviation=15) years. By intention-to-treat analysis, biochemically validated abstinence in the referred group was significantly higher than that in the unreferred group at the 6- (5·3% vs. 3·6%; adjusted OR 1·88, 95% CI, 1·01–3·41; p=0·04) and 12-month follow-up (8·1% vs. 3·5%; adjusted OR 2·98, 95% CI, 1·70–5·19; p&lt;0·001).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This trial demonstrated that brief advice and active referral for smokers attending the ED were effective and feasible in real-world settings. This innovative and cost-effective approach could motivate HCPs to assist more smokers with cessation in routine clinical settings and improve smoking abstinence levels. This research could have significant long-term implications for the healthcare industry, particularly in preventing the development of cancers caused by smoking. It will help reduce healthcare expenditure and socioeconomic burden by reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Importantly, in the long term, this will help improve the physical health and health-related quality of life of the Chinese public, especially vulnerable groups such as women and children, by avoiding exposure to second-hand smoke. This will ultimately save more lives, protect the environment and promote sustainable development.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Funding&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Health Care Promotion Scheme, &lt;span&gt;Food and Health Bureau&lt;/span&gt;, Hong Ko","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101289"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world multicenter study of T-DXd treatment in Chinese patients with metastatic breast cancer","authors":"Biyun Wang ,&nbsp;Yumeng Li ,&nbsp;Yannan Zhao ,&nbsp;Die Sang ,&nbsp;Peng Yuan ,&nbsp;Yanxia Zhao ,&nbsp;Zheng Lv ,&nbsp;Ning Xie ,&nbsp;Nanling Li ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Li ,&nbsp;Fang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101416","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) approved in China for HER2-positive or HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. Little real-world evidence is available in China. This study aimed to investigate the real-world effectiveness and safety of T-DXd in Chinese MBC patients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study retrospectively enrolled 309 MBC patients treated with T-DXd across 9 institutions nationwide in China between December 2019 and March 2024. T-DXd was administered intravenously at a dose of 5.4 mg/kg on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Real-world adverse events (AEs) were graded according to CTCAE 4.0. The study was registered at &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;svg&gt;&lt;path&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;NCT05594082&lt;/span&gt;&lt;svg&gt;&lt;path&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 309 MBC patients were included, with 168 HER2-positive and 141 HER2-negative patients (133 of HER2-low and 8 of HER2 0). Among HER2-positive and HER2-negative patients, median age was 53.5 and 55.0 years, 14.3% and 17.7% ECOG scores of 2, 83.9% and 84.4% patients with visceral metastases, 32.7% and 23.4% patients with brain metastasis, respectively. The median number of lines of therapy (LOT) for MBC patients receiving T-DXd was 4 for both groups. At the cutoff date of 30 July 2024, in patients with HER2-positive MBC, median rwPFS and OS was 12.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5-14.7] and 22.7 months (95% CI: 16.6-28.8). The longer rwPFS, median 23.3 months, was observed in LOT 1-2, than 12.2 months in LOT 3-5 and 8.2 months in LOT≥6 (P=0.001). In patients with HER2-negative MBC, median rwPFS and OS was 7.7 (95% CI: 6.6-8.8) and 15.7 months (95% CI: 11.4-20.0). The median rwPFS for HR+ and HR- patients was 7.7 and 8.1 months, respectively (P=0.870). Longer rwPFS of 9.5 months was observed in LOT 1-4 compared to 6.4 months in LOT≥6 among HER2-negative patients (P=0.026). Patients with prior ADCs exposure showed significantly shorter rwPFS of T-DXd in both HER2-positive (P=0.032) and negative patients (P=0.039). Brain metastasis did not impact the effectiveness of T-DXd. Incidence of AEs of any grade was 69.3% and severe (grade 3 or above) AEs was 13.9%; no fatal AEs were observed. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurred in 23 patients (7.4%), with 15 (4.9%) of grade 1, 4 (1.3%) of grade 2, and 4 (1.3%) of grade 3. 80.7% of ILD patients, including all with grade 1 and one with grade 2, underwent a rechallenge with T-DXd after symptomatic treatments and careful evaluations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this largest dataset of T-DXd for Chinese patients with MBC to date, encouraging rwPFS of T-DXd was seen in heavily pretreated HER2-positive and HER2-negative MBC patients. Longer rwPFS was observed in MBC patients with fewer LOT and no","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101416"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A large-scale prospective nested case-control study: developing a comprehensive risk prediction model for early detection of pancreatic cancer in the community-based ESPRIT-AI cohort","authors":"Chaoliang Zhong ,&nbsp;Penghao Li ,&nbsp;Jia Zhao ,&nbsp;Xue Han ,&nbsp;Beilei Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a significant public health concern due to its late diagnosis and limited effective screening methods. This study aimed to develop a robust risk prediction model for early detection, utilizing a large prospective cohort to ensure generalizability.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We established a large-scale, continuous, real-world cohort, termed the Artificial Intelligence-based Early Screening of Pancreatic Cancer and High-Risk Tracing (ESPRIT-AI). This cohort encompasses 12 community health centers in Yangpu District, Shanghai, China. Based on this comprehensive dataset, we conducted a prospective, nested case-control study. Nine centers served as the training cohort, while three centers served as the test cohort. A total of 51,490 participants aged 50-75 years underwent annual health examinations from 2021.1 to 2023.12. The risk-related information and informed consent were collected from all the participants. PC diagnosis was obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's cancer registry. Model training utilized a 1:20 case-control ratio, employing LASSO regression and expert opinion to select features. Multiple machine learning algorithms were compared, with the best performing algorithm selected for the final predictive model, subsequently validated using a real-world external test cohort. The study was registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (NCT04743479).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The cohort was divided into training (n=39,929, including 45 cases and 900 nested controls) and test (n=11,561, including 15 cases and 11,546 controls) sets. Following variable selection, four optimal variables were identified: Body Mass Index (BMI), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Symptom, and Age. Multiple machine learning algorithms were evaluated, with the Random Forest demonstrating superior performance and selected as the final model. In a large-scale, independent real-world test cohort, the model demonstrated a specificity of 97.21% and sensitivity of 33.33%. The model effectively stratified the population, identifying 316 high-risk individuals (2.73% of the test set), among whom 5 were diagnosed with PC. This resulted in a PC prevalence of 1.58% within the high-risk group, representing a 1.93-fold increase compared to the 0.82% prevalence in newly diagnosed diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>These findings demonstrated our established model’s capacity to effectively identify a subpopulation with significantly elevated PC risk, potentially facilitating targeted imaging-based early detection strategies, balancing screening benefits and burdens.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>This work was funded by the <span>Shanghai Science and Technology Committee</span> Program (grant number 20511101200).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101310"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Holy Grail: highlighting the need for equitable access to dementia treatments and clinical trials","authors":"Rebekah M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Olivier Piguet ,&nbsp;Catherine J. Mummery ,&nbsp;Sharon L. Naismith ,&nbsp;Muireann Irish","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last 5 years significant progress has been made in potential dementia treatments, yet many of these treatments come with significant burdens on the healthcare system that may limit access to treatment and care for patients. Often patients in remote and rural regions and those in low income regions are disadvantaged. Many clinical trials for dementia patients are biased to recruiting a homogenous group of patients that does not represent cultural and linguistic diversity, meaning the generalisability of trials is limited. This viewpoint discusses the barriers to access to early treatments and clinical trials for patients with dementia and offers a potential framework to address these including provision of infrastructure, regulatory change and patient education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101492"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}