The Journal of protozoology最新文献_第3页

Overview of animal models of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 卡氏肺囊虫肺炎动物模型综述。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

P D Walzer

引用次数: 0

The role of breast milk in protecting urban Peruvian children against cryptosporidiosis. 母乳在保护秘鲁城市儿童免受隐孢子虫病侵害中的作用。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

C R Sterling, R H Gilman, N A Sinclair, V Cama, R Castillo, F Diaz

{"title":"The role of breast milk in protecting urban Peruvian children against cryptosporidiosis.","authors":"C R Sterling, R H Gilman, N A Sinclair, V Cama, R Castillo, F Diaz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To test the hypothesis that breast milk of nursing mothers may afford children protection against cryptosporidiosis, a prospective cohort study was carried out in the young peoples' community of San Juan de Miraflores near Lima, Peru. Mothers and newborn children were sorted into cohort groups based on the mothers' breast milk antibody response to Cryptosporidium sporozoites using an antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect parasite-specific immunoglobulin A. Children were monitored for Cryptosporidium infection using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of 211 mothers enrolled in the study, 39 (18.5%) had high breast milk antibody titers, 107 (50.7%) had medium titers, and 65 (30.8%) had low titers. Sixty-one episodes of Cryptosporidium infection were detected in 50 children of these mothers. Eleven (22%) had mothers in the high antibody titer group, 20 (40%) had mothers in the medium titer group, and 19 (38%) had mothers in the low titer group. The prevalence of infection within children of each group was 0.17, 0.19 and 0.38 respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence or duration of infection among children of the different groups. The data does not support the notion that there is protection from Cryptosporidium infection afforded children whose mothers have demonstrable breast milk antibodies against the parasite.","PeriodicalId":22758,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12980161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amplification of a Cryptosporidium parvum gene fragment encoding thymidylate synthase. 小隐孢子虫胸腺苷酸合成酶基因片段的扩增。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

L Goozé, K Kim, C Petersen, J Gut, R G Nelson

{"title":"Amplification of a Cryptosporidium parvum gene fragment encoding thymidylate synthase.","authors":"L Goozé, K Kim, C Petersen, J Gut, R G Nelson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is no effective therapy for cryptosporidiosis and it is unclear why antifolate drugs which are effective treatments for infections caused by closely related parasites are not also effective against Cryptosporidium parvum. In protozoa, the target of these drugs, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), exists as a bifunctional enzyme also manifesting thymidylate synthase (TS) activity and is encoded by a fused DHFR-TS gene. In order to prepare a probe to isolate the C. parvum DHFR-TS gene we have used degenerate oligonucleotides whose sequences are based on strongly conserved regions of TS protein sequence to prime the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with C. parvum DNA. The PCR amplified a 375-bp DNA fragment which was cloned and sequenced; the deduced amino acid sequence had significant identity with known TS sequences, including strict conservation of all phylogenetically invariant TS amino acid residues. The cloned PCR fragment was used as a probe to isolate a number of overlapping clones from a C. parvum genomic library which were definitively shown to be of cryptosporidial origin by genomic Southern and molecular karyotype analyses. The deduced protein sequence of C. parvum TS was most similar to the bifunctional TS enzymes of Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium falciparum.","PeriodicalId":22758,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12980839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PCR amplification of DNA sequences from the transcription factor IID and cation transporting ATPase genes in Pneumocystis carinii. 卡氏肺囊虫转录因子IID和阳离子转运ATPase基因DNA序列的PCR扩增。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

J C Meade, J R Stringer

引用次数: 0

Treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and further elucidation of the P. carinii life cycle with 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis inhibitor L-671,329. 1,3- β -葡聚糖合成抑制剂L-671,329治疗和预防卡氏肺囊虫肺炎及进一步阐明卡氏肺囊虫生命周期

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

D M Schmatz, M Powles, D C McFadden, L A Pittarelli, P A Liberator, J W Anderson

{"title":"Treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and further elucidation of the P. carinii life cycle with 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis inhibitor L-671,329.","authors":"D M Schmatz, M Powles, D C McFadden, L A Pittarelli, P A Liberator, J W Anderson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Two different classes of 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis inhibitors, the echinocandins and papulacandins, have anti-Pneumocystis activity in an immunosuppressed rat model for acute P. carinii pneumonia (PCP). This activity combined with potent anti-Candida activity makes the echinocandins attractive agents for treating both Pneumocystis and candidiasis in the immunocompromised patient. Natural product echinocandin L-671,329 rapidly eliminates greater than 99% of the P. carinii cysts after 4 days of treatment at a dose of 1 mg/kg twice daily while 2-3 weeks of therapy with trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) or pentamidine was required to achieve the same degree of cyst clearance. Effects of L-671,329, TMP-SMZ and pentamidine on the trophozoite stage of P. carinii were also explored using a P. carinii-specific DNA probe to quantitate organism load. Although L-671,329 was not as effective as the known agents against the trophozoite stage, prophylactic use of L-671,329 at a daily dose of 1 mg/kg prevented the development of cysts and trophozoites in the rat model. The foamy exudate commonly seen in lungs of animals with PCP is also absent in rats receiving L-671,329 prophylaxis. In addition to demonstrating the potential of L-671,329 as a prophylactic agent these studies also help in elucidating the life cycle of P. carinii. The observation that L-671,329 prophylaxis prevents the appearance of trophozoites, while acute therapy does not directly affect trophozoites, provides the first evidence that the cyst stage is required for trophozoite proliferation. The rapid elimination of cysts by L-671,329 in animals with acute PCP also indicates that all cysts are turning over within 4 days since it is the development of new cysts which is prevented with this compound.","PeriodicalId":22758,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12978986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat model. 卡氏肺囊虫肺炎大鼠模型。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

M Y Armstrong, A L Smith, F F Richards

{"title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat model.","authors":"M Y Armstrong, A L Smith, F F Richards","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Groups of barrier-raised but not certified virus-free Sprague-Dawley rats, obtained from the same source over the course of several years, were placed on an identical immunosuppressive regimen. This caused reactivation of latent Pneumocystis carinii infection, manifest as P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) of varying severity. Rats were euthanized after 9-12 wk of immunosuppression. An assessment of the severity of the induced PCP was made, based on the total number of organisms extracted from the lungs and their ability to proliferate in short-term cell culture. Serum samples obtained at sacrifice were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for antibodies to coronavirus, parvovirus, Sendai virus, pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) and Mycoplasma pulmonis. A total of 60 rats were examined. Thirty-four of these (57%) developed moderate or severe PCP. No antibodies were detected to either coronavirus or Mycoplasma pulmonis in any of the rats. Although antibodies were detected to parvovirus in 13/60 (22%), to PVM in 29/60 (48%), and to Sendai virus in 47/60 (78%), there was no apparent correlation between the presence or absence of antibodies to these agents and the severity of PCP. Sequential observations during the course of immunosuppression are needed to clarify the role of concomitant infections in the development of PCP.","PeriodicalId":22758,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12979115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yeast glucan of Pneumocystis carinii cyst wall: an excellent target for chemotherapy. 卡氏肺囊虫囊壁酵母菌葡聚糖:一个很好的化疗靶点。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

Y Matsumoto, M Yamada, T Amagai

引用次数: 0

A technique for typing Cryptosporidium isolates. 隐孢子虫分离株分型技术。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

G L Nichols, J McLauchlin, D Samuel

{"title":"A technique for typing Cryptosporidium isolates.","authors":"G L Nichols, J McLauchlin, D Samuel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Antigens extracted from Cryptosporidium oocysts, which had been purified from faeces or chick egg culture, were electrophoresed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. A Cryptosporidium genus-specific monoclonal antibody MAb-C1 bound to multiple bands using several detection techniques, and these corresponded to bands detected using immune rabbit antisera. Using a detection system with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled MAb-C1 and alkaline phosphatase-labelled anti-FITC, bands were detected between 50 and 300 kDa. Blots were examined directly and by using a laser scanner. The system was shown to be specific for Cryptosporidium spp., giving no staining with a variety of other pathogens, and with negative samples. The oocyst antigen which bound MAb-C1 was stable, and banding patterns were not significantly affected by pretreatment of oocysts with proteinase K, trypsin, formalin, or sodium hypochlorite, methods commonly used during preparation and storage of C. parvum oocysts. However, banding was reduced with potassium dichromate. Of 76 samples containing Cryptosporidium oocysts, 53 showed one or more MAb-C1 staining bands. Cryptosporidium baileyi and C. parvum could be clearly differentiated by their banding patterns, indicating that the system will distinguish between species. Some isolates, including a single isolate of C. muris, produced weak bands which made interpretation difficult. The technique showed differences between isolates of C. parvum, with two different banding types found in human isolates, and other banding types seen in calf and lamb isolates. This method provides a useful way of characterising isolates which may be new species.","PeriodicalId":22758,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of protozoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12980094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and sulfadoxine-primethamine against fatal pneumocystosis in SCID mice. 磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶和磺胺多辛-primethamine对SCID小鼠致死性肺囊虫病的影响。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

T Furuta, M Ito, T Kuramochi, K Hioki, T Nomura

引用次数: 0

An improved rat model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: induced infections in Pneumocystis-free animals. 改良的卡氏肺囊虫肺炎大鼠模型:无肺囊虫动物诱导感染。

The Journal of protozoology Pub Date : 1991-11-01

C J Boylan, W L Current

引用次数: 0