The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease最新文献

{"title":"Multisensory stimulation reduces neuropsychiatric symptoms and enhances cognitive function in older adults with dementia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Tiara Octary, Melati Fajarini, Hidayat Arifin, Ruey Chen, Chien-Mei Sung, Li-Fang Chang, Chia-Hui Wang, Kondwani Joseph Banda, Kuei-Ru Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Multisensory stimulation defined as engaging multiple senses (visual, olfactory, auditory, gustatory, and tactile), has been demonstrated to improve older adults' general health. However, its effectiveness in mitigating neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) and cognitive deficits in older adults with dementia remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of multisensory stimulation in ameliorating NPSs and improving overall cognitive function in older adults with dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched eight databases to September 2024 without restriction. Older adults with all stages of dementia aged 65 years and above were included. To estimate the pooled effect size, Hedge's g (g) values were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q, I², and τ² statistics. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify moderators. Publication bias was assessed using Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation and Egger's linear regression tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review included 16 studies (974 patients). Multisensory stimulation significantly reduced agitation (g= -0.96; 95 %CI= -1.44, -0.48), apathy (g= -1.27; 95 %CI= -2.08, -0.46), and depression (g= -0.28; 95 %CI= -0.48, -0.07). Moreover, the intervention significantly improved overall cognitive function (g= 0.30; 95 %CI= 0.09, 0.52). However, multisensory stimulation had no significant effect on anxiety (g= -0.81; 95 %CI= -1.79, 0.17). Significant heterogeneity was observed in agitation, apathy, and anxiety. Moreover, meta-regression analyses by educational level (junior high school and above) revealed significant moderators in agitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multisensory stimulation shows promise as a non-pharmacological intervention for older adults with dementia. It may effectively mitigate NPSs and improve cognitive function into clinical practice as an alternative therapeutic.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of physical activity and lung function on cognitive health in older adults: Joint association and mediation analysis.","authors":"Peng Hu, Dan Song, Tian Heng, Ling-Ling Yang, Chuan-Chuan Bai, Rui He, Tao Liu, Ya-Xi Luo, Xiu-Qing Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining cognitive health in old adults has become a significant public health challenge, with lung function and physical activity (PA) as essential modifiable factors. However, the joint and mediation effects of these two factors with cognition remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study assesses the joint association and mediation effects of lung function and PA with cognition.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2011-2012 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including adults aged 60-79 assessed for lung function, PA, and cognition.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Lung function included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and FEV₁/FVC. PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, covering occupational PA (OPA), transportation-related PA (TPA), and leisure-time PA (LTPA). Cognition was evaluated using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Animal Fluency Test, Delayed Recall Test and Immediate Recall Test. Weighted multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the separate and joint associations of lung function and PA with cognition, while also exploring potential mediation effects between these factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 927 participants, representing 35,525,782 U.S. residents, were included, with a weighted median age of 65 (IQR, 63 -71) years, and 53.6 % were female. The results showed a significant positive association between lung function and cognitive function, with FEV₁, FVC, and PEF all positively correlated, while the FEV₁/FVC showed no notable link. Further analysis revealed the best cognitive performance observed in participants with active LTPA and the highest quartile of lung function, indicating a joint association of LTPA and lung function with cognition. Mediation analysis indicated that lung function mediated 24.1 % (95 %CI: 6.3 % - 47.0 %, P = 0.03) of the relationship between LTPA and cognition, while cognition mediated 10.2 % (95 %CI: 0.5 % - 27.0 %, P = 0.04) of the relationship between LTPA and lung function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lung function and cognition may have a bidirectional relationship. The combination of active LTPA and better lung function was strongly associated with higher cognition, highlighting the need to strengthen exercise focused on lung function to maintain cognitive health in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and discriminative accuracy of plasma phosphorylated tau 217 for symptomatic Alzheimer's disease in a Chinese cohort.","authors":"Li-Min Li, Ping Che, Dequan Liu, Yu Wang, Jia Li, Dian He, Tao Liu, Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217) measured with an ultrasensitive immunoassay method has been demonstrated to be an optimal biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to establish the reference interval for plasma p-tau217 in Chinese individuals and evaluate its diagnostic value in symptomatic AD.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, participants: </strong>We recruited 150 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, 60 patients with AD dementia, 30 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, 40 patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and 70 patients with subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia (SIVD).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The concentrations of plasma p-tau217, total tau, amyloid-beta (Aβ)42 and Aβ40 were measured with a single-molecule array.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma p-tau217 outperformed other biomarkers in discriminating AD patients from CU controls, FTLD patients, and SIVD patients (AUC = 0.983, 0.936, 0.892) and discriminating MCI patients from CU controls (AUC = 0.943). The plasma p-tau217 level was negatively correlated with memory in patients with symptomatic AD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau217 was exceptional for AD, even at early stages, in the Chinese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interaction between circadian syndrome and genetic susceptibility in the risk of incident dementia: A longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Linling Yu, Wei Liu, Chenqi Liao, Na Shen, Anding Liu, Liming Cheng, Xiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite growing interest in circadian disturbances as potential triggers for dementia, the specific impact of circadian syndrome (CircS) on dementia incidence remains poorly understood. Moreover, the role of genetic susceptibility modulating these effects remains to be explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dementia-free participants from the UK Biobank cohort were included in the analysis. To evaluate the association between CircS and the incidence of dementia, as well as the modifying influence of genetic susceptibility on this relationship, Cox proportional hazards models were utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up period of 14.55 years, 3,965 incident dementia cases were documented. CircS was found to significantly increased the risk of incident dementia, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.401 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.296, 1.516). Compared to a CircS score of ≤3, mild CircS (HR: 1.259, 95 % CI: 1.146-1.383), moderate CircS (HR: 1.667, 95 % CI: 1.461-1.903), and severe CircS (HR: 2.028, 95 % CI: 1.397-2.944) were all significantly associated with an elevated risk of dementia. There were significant multiplicative interactions between CircS and genetic susceptibility (P_interaction<0.001). Participants with both a high polygenic risk score (PRS) and CircS had the highest risk of incident dementia (HR: 2.551, 95 % CI: 2.169, 3.001), compared to those with a low PRS and no CircS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CircS was associated with an increased risk of dementia, which might be aggravated by genetic susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LMTK2 and CRB1 are two novel risk genes for Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese.","authors":"Xuewen Xiao, Hui Liu, Rui Yao, Yunni Li, Xinxin Liao, Yingzi Liu, Yafang Zhou, Junling Wang, Beisha Tang, Bin Jiao, Jinchen Li, Lu Shen, Shilin Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease with a substantial genetic background. However, its underlying genetic architecture remains to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 282 familial and/or early-onset AD patients and 1086 cognitively normal controls in the Han Chinse populations. According to minor allele frequency, variants were divided into common variants (MAF ≥ 0.01) and rare variants (MAF < 0.01). Common variant-based association analysis and gene-based association test aggregating rare variants were performed by PLINK 1.9 and Sequence Kernel Association Test-Optimal, respectively. We replicated the significant results by using the same AD samples and controls from whole genome sequencing (n = 1879). Furthermore, we determined the functions of the novel AD risk genes in vitro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Common variants association analysis revealed that APOE rs429358 reached statistical whole-exome significance. Gene-level aggregation testing identified that rare damaging variants in LMTK2 and CRB1 conferred risk to AD. All variants are located in highly conserved amino acid regions and are predicted to be damaging. Furthermore, functional studies showed that LMTK2 rare damaging variants (R234P and S974G) enhanced tau phosphorylation levels, tau aggregates formation, and Aβ generation. Meanwhile, the CRB1 Y556X variant caused incomplete translation of CRB1 protein and increased the Aβ42 level and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicated that LMTK2 and CRB1 are two novel AD risk genes in Han Chinese, which may provide promising targets for diagnosis and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting cognitive decline: Deep-learning reveals subtle brain changes in pre-MCI stage.","authors":"Ling Yue, Yongsheng Pan, Wei Li, Junyan Mao, Bo Hong, Zhen Gu, Mingxia Liu, Dinggang Shen, Shifu Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100079","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical MCI (e.g., subjective cognitive decline, SCD) are considered risk states of dementia, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, it is challenging to accurately predict conversion from normal cognition (NC) to MCI, which is important for early detection and intervention. Since neuropathological changes may have occurred in the brain many years before clinical AD, we sought to detect the subtle brain changes in the pre-MCI stage using a deep-learning method based on structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To discover early structural neuroimaging changes that differentiate between stable and progressive cognitive status, and to establish a predictive model for MCI conversion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;We first created a unique deep-learning framework for pre-AD conversion prediction through the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-1 (ADNI-1) database (n = 845). Then, we tested the model on ADNI-2 (n = 321, followed 3 years) and our private study (n = 109), the China Longitudinal Aging Study (CLAS), to validate the rationality for pre-MCI conversion prediction. The CLAS is a 7-year community-based cohort study in Shanghai. Our framework consisted of two steps: 1) a single-ROI-based network (SRNet) for identifying informative regions in the brain, and 2) a multi-ROI-based network (MRNet) for pre-AD conversion prediction. We then utilized these \"ROI-based deep learning\" neural networks to create a composite score using advanced algorithm-building. We coined this score as the Progressive Index (PI), which serves as a metric for assessing the propensity of AD conversion. Ultimately, we employed the PI to gauge its predictive capability for MCI conversion in both ADNI-2 and CLAS datasets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;We primarily utilized baseline T1-weighted MRI scans to identify the most discriminative brain regions and subsequently developed the PI in both training and validation datasets. We compared the PI across different cognitive groups and conducted logistic regression models along with their AUCs, adjusting for education level, gender, neuropsychological test scores, and the presence of comorbid conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We trained the SRNet and MRNet using 845 subjects from ADNI-1 with baseline MRI data, in which AD and progressive MCI (converting to AD within 3 years) patients were considered as positive samples, while NC and stable MCI (remaining stable for 3 years) subjects were considered as negative samples. The convolutional neural networks identified the top 10 regions of interest (ROIs) for distinguishing progressive from stable cases. These key brain regions included the hippocampus, amygdala, temporal lobe, insula, and anterior cerebellum. A total of 321 subjects from ADNI-2, including 209 NC (18 progressive NC (pNC), 113 stable NC (sNC), and 78 remain","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: A single-center real-world performance study.","authors":"Federico Emanuele Pozzi, Elisa Conti, Giulia Remoli, Niccolò dell'Orto, Simona Andreoni, Fulvio Da Re, Gessica Sala, Luca Cuffaro, Carlo Ferrarese, Ildebrando Appollonio, Chiara Paola Zoia, Lucio Tremolizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The new criteria for Alzheimer's disease pave the way for the introduction of core blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (BBAD) into clinical practice. However, this depends on the demonstration of sufficient accuracy and robustness of BBADs in the intended population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the diagnostic performance of core BBADs in our memory clinic, comparing them with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Real-world cross-sectional observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Memory Clinic of Fondazione IRCCS \"San Gerardo dei Tintori,\" Monza, Italy.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>n = 102 consecutive outpatients (mean age: 71.0 ± 7.6 years) with cognitive impairment undergoing routine lumbar puncture.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>CSF Aβ40, Aβ42, tTau, and pTau181 levels were measured. Plasma biomarkers were evaluated using Lumipulse® G600II. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to assess biomarker performance. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was based on CSF Aβ42/40 ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma pTau217 demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.91), followed by pTau181 (AUC=0.88) and Aβ42/40 (AUC=0.83). In robustness analyses, only pTau217 and pTau181 performance remained consistent, while that of Aβ42/40 ratio declined with added random variability. pTau217 significantly outperformed other BBAD, with the exception of pTau181. pTau BBAD were significant predictors of baseline Mini-Mental State Examination scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plasma pTau217, measured with Lumipulse®, is a robust and reliable BBAD for detecting amyloid pathology in a memory clinic setting, offering a practical and less invasive alternative to traditional CSF testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":"100027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle interventions for dementia risk reduction: A review on the role of physical activity and diet in Western and Asian Countries.","authors":"Amelia Nur Vidyanti, Fitri Rahmawati, Rifki Habibi Rahman, Astuti Prodjohardjono, Abdul Gofir","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia, is a critical global public health challenge with no effective pharmacological treatments. Recent research highlights the significant role of lifestyle interventions, particularly physical activity and dietary habits, in mitigating cognitive decline among the elderly and preventing the progression to dementia in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This comprehensive review explores the impact of physical exercise and dietary approaches on cognitive health, comparing strategies adopted in Western and Asian countries. Physical activity, including aerobic, resistance, balance training, and dual-task exercises, has been shown to enhance neurogenesis, improve cerebral blood flow, and delay cognitive decline. In Western countries, structured regimens such as the Mediterranean (MedDiet) and MIND diets are prominent, while Asian countries often integrate traditional mind-body practices like Tai Chi and culturally relevant diets rich in antioxidants and polyphenols. Although both regions recognize the importance of lifestyle changes in reducing dementia risk, their approaches differ significantly, shaped by cultural norms and dietary preferences. This review underscores the need for culturally tailored public health strategies to promote cognitive health globally, highlighting the importance of individualized approaches in MCI and dementia prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":"100028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of sleep disturbances on the incidence of dementia for varying lag times.","authors":"Peter Alders, Almar Kok, Elisabeth M van Zutphen, Jurgen A H R Claassen, Dorly J H Deeg","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have addressed the association of sleep disturbances with incident dementia with long lag times. We add to this literature by investigating how lag times varying from 2.2 to 23.8 years affect the relationship between sleep disturbance and incident dementia in a Dutch cohort study on aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using eight waves of data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, we investigated the association of hours of sleep, difficulty falling asleep, interrupted sleep, and waking up early with incident dementia. For dementia an algorithm was used based on repeated measurements of cognitive tests and other data sources that provide strong indications of dementia. Sleep disturbances were assessed with a self-report questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,218 participants, 237 (11%) developed dementia in the period 1992/3 to 2015/6. Participants ≥70 years more often reported sleep disturbances compared to those <70. Only for a short lag time (3 years), sleeping ≥9 h was associated with incident dementia. Sleeping ≤6 h, interrupted sleep and waking up early were associated with incident dementia, particularly for lag times ≥15 years.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We found that the association of sleep disturbances with incident dementia becomes stronger with longer lag times (particularly ≥15 years). Studies with lag times <15 years may suffer from reverse causation due to the changes in sleep patterns caused by the prodromal phase of neurodegenerative disease. The association of sleeping ≥9 h and the incidence of dementia in analyses with a short lag time seem to be the result of reverse causation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":"100024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High definition transcranial direct current stimulation as an intervention for cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's dementia: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Christian LoBue, Hsueh-Sheng Chiang, Amber Salter, Shawn McClintock, Trung P Nguyen, Rebecca Logan, Eric Smernoff, Seema Pandya, John Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease show promise to slow cognitive decline, but show no efficacy towards reducing symptoms already manifested.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of a novel noninvasive brain stimulation technique in modulating cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's dementia (AD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Pilot, randomized, double-blind, parallel, sham-controlled study SETTING: Clinical research site at UT Southwestern Medical Center PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five participants with clinical diagnoses of AD were enrolled from cognition specialty clinics.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Treatment consisted of high definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) delivered for 20 min over the medial prefrontal cortex. Ten sessions of sham, 1 mA, or 2 mA stimulation were received.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Cognitive outcomes were measured at baseline, after the last HD-tDCS session, and 8-weeks post-treatment. The primary outcome was change in total learning and delayed recall on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) immediately post-treatment and at 8-weeks. Secondary outcomes included measures of language, processing speed, and executive functioning. A multi-stage approach was used to examine cognitive outcomes, which included evaluation of effect sizes, statistical effects, and rate of clinically meaningful responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this pilot trial, no statistically significant differences on cognitive outcomes were found between sham and active HD-tDCS immediately post-treatment (p's > 0.05). However, moderate-to-large effect sizes were identified for enhanced RAVLT total learning (Cohen's d = 0.69-0.93) and phonemic fluency (d = 1.08-1.49) for both active HD-tDCS conditions compared to sham, with rates of clinically relevant improvement between 25 and 33%. Meaningful enhancement persisted to 8 weeks only for the 1 mA condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multiple sessions of HD-tDCS over the medial prefrontal cortex appears to have potential to produce meaningful cognitive enhancements in a proportion of patients having AD with improvements maintained for at least 8 weeks in some.</p><p><strong>Trial registration information: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05270408). Registered December 30, 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"12 2","pages":"100023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}