The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease最新文献

{"title":"Sample size estimates for biomarker-based outcome measures in clinical trials in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"David M Cash, Katy E Morgan, Antoinette O'Connor, Thomas D Veale, Ian B Malone, Teresa Poole, Tammie Ls Benzinger, Brian A Gordon, Laura Ibanez, Yan Li, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, Eric McDade, Guoqiao Wang, Jasmeer P Chhatwal, Gregory S Day, Edward Huey, Mathias Jucker, Johannes Levin, Yoshiki Niimi, James M Noble, Jee Hoon Roh, Racquel Sánchez-Valle, Peter R Schofield, Randall J Bateman, Chris Frost, Nick C Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer disease (AD)-modifying therapies are approved for treatment of early-symptomatic AD. Autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) provides a unique opportunity to test therapies in presymptomatic individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), sample sizes for clinical trials were estimated for various cognitive, imaging, and CSF outcomes. Sample sizes were computed for detecting a reduction of either absolute levels of AD-related pathology (amyloid, tau) or change over time in neurodegeneration (atrophy, hypometabolism, cognitive change).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biomarkers measuring amyloid and tau pathology had required sample sizes below 200 participants per arm (examples CSF Aβ42/40: 47[95 %CI 25,104], cortical PIB 49[28,99], CSF p-tau181 74[48,125]) for a four-year trial in presymptomatic individuals (CDR=0) to have 80 % power (5 % statistical significance) to detect a 25 % reduction in absolute levels of pathology, allowing 40 % dropout. For cognitive, MRI, and FDG, it was more appropriate to detect a 50 % reduction in rate of change. Sample sizes ranged from 250 to 900 (examples hippocampal volume: 338[131,2096], cognitive composite: 326[157,1074]). MRI, FDG and cognitive outcomes had lower sample sizes when including indivduals with mild impairment (CDR=0.5 and 1) as well as presymptomatic individuals (CDR=0).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite the rarity of ADAD, presymptomatic clinical trials with feasible sample sizes given the number of cases appear possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient management pathways in dementia - Resource utilisation, diagnosis and drug treatment in the Stockholm region, Sweden.","authors":"Emil Aho, Dorota Religa, Mozhu Ding, Bengt Winblad, Linus Jönsson, Karin Modig","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;New diagnostic and therapeutic options for Alzheimer's disease are beginning to be introduced and expected igto become more widely available in the coming years. Improved understanding of current pathways in diagnosis and initial care of patients with dementia can help inform choices around how best to integrate new technologies in existing care structures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study is to describe the care management pathways defined by the involvement of specialist and primary care for individuals with newly diagnosed dementia. It also seeks to characterise individuals in different management pathways based on resource use prior to diagnosis, the type of dementia diagnosis received, and the proportion who receive symptomatic anti-dementia drug treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Observational cohort study SETTING: Stockholm region, Sweden.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;All newly diagnosed dementia cases between 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2020 (n = 9,781). Dementia diagnoses in primary care were based on Regional Stockholm health care database and diagnoses in specialist care were based on the National Patient Register in Sweden.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;Care management pathways were categorized into three groups: primary care only (diagnosed and followed up in primary care), specialist, no follow-up (diagnosed in specialist care but not followed up in specialist care), and specialist with follow-up (diagnosed and followed up in specialist care). These classifications were based on patients' care episodes from the date of diagnosis and the subsequent 18 months. age at diagnosis, resource utilisation one-year prior diagnosis and diagnosis given and symptomatic anti-dementia treatment 18 months after initial diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 9,781 newly diagnosed dementia cases were identified. In the 18 months following diagnosis, 63 % of patients were diagnosed either partly or fully in specialist care, while 37 % were diagnosed solely in primary care. Patients diagnosed and managed only in primary care were older, spent more days in hospital, and received more social care in the year preceding their diagnosis. Their total care costs were also the highest. Alzheimer's disease was the most common diagnosis (48 %), while 27 % had an unspecified dementia diagnosis, varying by care setting (61 % for patients managed in primary care only and 6 % for patients diagnosed and followed up in specialist care). Overall, 47 % of patients received symptomatic anti-dementia treatment, with the highest share for patients diagnosed and followed up in specialist care (73 %) and the lowest in primary care only (19 %). Diagnosis varied by age and care setting Alzheimer's was most common in settings involving specialist care, whereas unspecified dementia was more common in primary care only regardless of age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings t","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain health PRO/Santé cerveau PRO: The development of a web-based program for dementia literacy and risk factor reduction.","authors":"Sylvie Belleville, Nicole D Anderson, Louis Bherer, Richard Camicioli, Julie Carrier, Senny Chan, Marc Cuesta, Thien Thanh Dang-Vu, Emily Dwosh, Alexandra J Fiocco, Guylaine Ferland, Brigitte Gilbert, Elaine Harris, Inbal Itzhak, Pamela Jarrett, Mohamed Abdelhafid Kadri, Danielle Laurin, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Chris A McGibbon, Laura Middleton, Lesley Miller, Haakon B Nygaard, Manuel Montero-Odasso, Kelly Murphy, Natalie Phillips, M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Julie M Robillard, Eric E Smith, Mark Speechley, Amal Trigui, Walter Wittich, Howard Chertkow, Howard H Feldman","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Online educational programs focused on ways to improve brain health could increase participant literacy, empowerment, and engagement in activities that support personal brain health, potentially reducing dementia risk.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our goal was to develop an evidence-based online educational program with a focus on risk and protective factors for dementia. Here we present the rationale and features of the program and include results from a pilot study that assessed usability and acceptability.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This project is part of the Can-Thumbs UP (CTU) initiative. An Intervention Mapping Approach framework and co-construction approach was used to develop the online program. A pre-post pilot open label design was used to test the usability and acceptance of this at-home educational program.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The program and assessment for the pilot study were delivered fully remotely.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Twenty community-dwelling older adults (60-83 years of age, 65 % female) living in Canada who were at increased risk of dementia.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>The Brain Health PRO/Santé Cerveau PRO is a web-based 45-week program available in French and English. It provides general information and guidance on seven modifiable risk factors for dementia: physical activity, nutrition, cognitively stimulating activities, sleep, social and psychological health, vascular health, and vision/hearing. After completing a brief intake questionnaire, users are provided with an individualized risk profile to personalize priorities and goals. During the course of the program, users receive feedback on lifestyle changes. For this pilot study, participants completed a 15-week version of the program.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>This pilot study reports measures of usability (System Usability Scale), acceptance (Technology Acceptance Model-2) as well as risk profiles at intake based on self-reported questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two logic models were developed to identify the determinants of risk for dementia and how these could be targeted by the program. A review of dementia risk and protective factors and online educational programs for older adults, as well as co-creation activities with experts, stakeholders, and citizen advisors, were used to identify the determinants, target, format, and content of the program. The pilot study reports excellent usability and acceptance with scores of 80.4/100 and 93.5/120 respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intervention mapping and co-construction approaches facilitated the design of a program that effectively balances the delivery of scientific content with the specific constraints, needs and abilities of older adults.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05347966.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns and blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively intact older adults: Findings from a population-based study.","authors":"Anja Mrhar, Adrián Carballo-Casla, Giulia Grande, Martina Valletta, Claudia Fredolini, Laura Fratiglioni, Milica Gregorič Kramberger, Aleš Kuhar, Bengt Winblad, Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga, Davide Liborio Vetrano","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet can impact cognitive aging, but comprehensive data from human studies is lacking and the underlying biological mechanisms are still not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the associations between two dietary patterns consistently linked to inflammation and brain health [the Mediterranean diet (MDS) and inflammatory potential of diet (EDII)] and five blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer´s disease (AD) in a sample of dementia-free community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>We used cross-sectional data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants who were institutionalized, had dementia or Parkinson's disease, or had missing data on diet and/or biomarkers were excluded. Our study sample consisted of 1907 adults ≥60 years old.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Adherence to the MDS and EDII was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. T-tau, p-tau181, Aβ 42/40, NfL, and GFAP were measured in serum. Associations were estimated through quantile regression models at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the biomarkers' levels, and were adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by sex, age, and APOE-e4 genotype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the whole sample, higher adherence to the MDS was associated with lower levels of p-tau181 at the 50th and 75th percentiles [β (95% CI) per 1-SD increment = -0.028 (-0.053, -0.002) and -0.036 (-0.072, -0.001), respectively], while higher adherence to the EDII was associated with higher levels of NfL at the 75th percentile [β (95% CI) per 1-SD increment =0.031 (0.008, 0.053)]. Associations with other biomarkers were only apparent at lower levels of their distribution. Subgroup analyses showed: 1) a stronger inverse association between the MDS and p-tau181 in APOE-e4 carriers than non-carriers, and 2) an inverse association of the MDS with GFAP only in participants ≥78 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diet seems to be associated with biomarkers of AD pathology in cognitively intact older adults. Some associations were more apparent in the presence of genetic predisposition for AD or advanced age.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle factors and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review.","authors":"Claudie Hooper, Nicola Coley, Julien Delrieu, Sophie Guyonnet","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by amyloid-β (Aβ), tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Blood-based biomarkers are emerging as a minimally invasive tool for disease detection and monitoring. This review depicts the relationships between modifiable lifestyle factors (nutrition, physical activity (PA), sleep, alcohol consumption, smoking, and social isolation) and plasma biomarkers of AD: Aβ₄₂, Aβ₄₀, Aβ_42/40, phosphorylated tau, total tau, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Limited evidence suggests that better nutrition is associated with favourable AD plasma biomarker profiles and that PA is associated with less plasma NfL and Aβ, whilst poor sleep is associated with elevated plasma Aβ. However, lack of data and inconsistent findings highlight the need for further investigation to substantiate or refute these trends. Moreover, future research should include the analysis of lifestyle on plasma biomarkers according to gender, metabolic health and APOE status. Considering the growing emphasis on modifiable lifestyle factors for preventing and delaying dementia onset further investigation is justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis of druggable genes to facilitate Alzheimer's disease therapy: A multi-cohort machine learning study.","authors":"Jichang Hu, Yong Luo, Xiaochuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The swift rise in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) alongside its significant societal and economic impact has created a pressing demand for effective interventions and treatments. However, there are no available treatments that can modify the progression of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight AD brain tissues datasets and three blood datasets were obtained. Consensus clustering was utilized as a method to discern the various subtypes of AD. Then, module genes were screened using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Furthermore, screening hub genes was conducted through machine-learning analyses. Finally, A comprehensive analysis using a systematic approach to druggable genome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two AD subclasses were identified, namely cluster.A and cluster.B. The levels of gamma secretase activity, beta secretase activity, and amyloid-beta 42 were found to be significantly elevated in patients classified within cluster A when compared to those in cluster B. Furthermore, by utilizing the differentially expressed genes shared among these clusters, along with identifying druggable genes and applying WGCNA to these subtypes, we were able to develop a scoring system referred to as DG.score. This scoring system has demonstrated remarkable predictive capability for AD when evaluated against multiple datasets. Besides, A total of 30 distinct genes that may serve as potential drug targets for AD were identified across at least one of the datasets investigated, whether derived from brain samples or blood analyses. Among the identified genes, three specific candidates that are considered druggable (LIMK2, MAPK8, and NDUFV2) demonstrated significant expression levels in both blood and brain tissues. Furthermore, our research also revealed a potential association between the levels of LIMK2 and concentrations of CSF Aβ (OR 1.526 (1.155-2.018)), CSF p-tau (OR 1.106 (1.024-01.196)), and hippocampal size (OR 0.831 (0.702-0.948)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a notable advancement to the existing literature by offering genetic evidence that underscores the potential therapeutic advantages of focusing on the druggable gene LIMK2 in the treatment of AD. This insight not only contributes to our understanding of AD but also guides future drug discovery efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations of carotid artery stiffness with progression of cerebrovascular disease, incident dementia and cognitive decline in older adults.","authors":"Caroline Robert, Lieng-Hsi Ling, Eugene S J Tan, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Shir Lynn Lim, Lingli Gong, Josephine Lunaria Berboso, Arthur Mark Richards, Christopher Chen, Saima Hilal","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotid artery stiffness is associated with cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and cognitive impairment, but evidence for its longitudinal effects on progression of CeVD and cognitive decline are limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the longitudinal associations of carotid artery stiffness with CeVD progression, incident dementia, and cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal analyses from a memory-clinic cohort with a follow-up of 2 years.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A memory-clinic study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>194 participants (mean age=80, 63 % female) with or without cognitive impairments provided consent to take part in the study.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Participants underwent carotid ultrasonography, brain MRI, and neuropsychological assessments were at baseline and follow-up. Carotid stiffness measures included ß-index, elastic modulus (Ep), and pulse wave velocity-ß (PWV-ß). CeVD markers included white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and cortical infarcts. Cognition was assessed with a neuropsychological battery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 2 years, incident CeVD cases included lacunes (15.7 %), CMBs (23.8 %), and cortical infarcts (7.6 %). ß-index (ß=0.78, p < 0.001), Ep (ß=0.94, p < 0.001), and PWV-ß (ß=0.15, p = 0.003) were independently associated with WMH progression. Ep (ß=-0.15, p = 0.007) and PWV-ß (ß=-3.68, p = 0.007) were independently associated with visuomotor speed decline. No association was found with incident lacunes, CMBs or dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Carotid stiffness progression is associated with WMH progression and visuomotor speed decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposite causal effects of type 2 diabetes and metformin on Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Dongming Liu, Hongbao Cao, Ancha Baranova, Chenxin Xu, Fuquan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is commonly co-morbid with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether T2D itself or the antidiabetic drug metformin contributes to the progression of AD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the overall and independent effects of T2D and metformin use on the risk of AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Summary genome-wide association study datasets were utilized for the Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses, including ones for T2D (N = 455,017), metformin (N = 456,276), and AD (N = 453,733). Additionally, using the proportional imbalance method, we analyzed AD-related adverse drug events in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (covering Q1 2004 to Q2 2024).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our two-sample MR analysis indicated that T2D is not associated with the risk of AD (OR: 1.03, CI: 0.99-1.08, P = 0.128). However, while not statistically significant, genetic signature for metformin exposure demonstrated a trend toward an increased risk of AD (OR: 1.05, CI: 1.00-1.09, P = 0.053). Interestingly, in MVMR analysis, which evaluates independent effects of T2D and metformin exposure on T2D, we found a robust association of T2D with a decrease in the risk of AD (OR: 0.82, CI: 0.68-0.98, P = 0.031), while the use of metformin was associated with a higher risk of AD (OR: 1.26, CI: 1.06-1.50, P = 9.45E-3). In the FAERS database, a total of 228,283 metformin-related adverse event reports from 67,742 cases were found. For metformin as the target drug and AD as the target adverse event, signal analysis reported 29 cases of AD (ROR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.58-1.19, P = 0.3126).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study reveals the opposite independent causal effects of T2D and metformin exposure on AD. These findings highlight the importance of assessing AD risk when prescribing metformin to patients with T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision, courage, and academic freedom.","authors":"Prof Bruno Vellas","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring implementation strategies for the healthy actions and lifestyles to Avoid Dementia or Hispanos y el ALTo a la Demencia Program: Lessons learned from a survey study.","authors":"Sara Moukarzel, Carlos E E Araujo-Menendez, Eliza Galang, Zvinka Z Zlatar, Howard H Feldman, Sarah J Banks","doi":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Healthy Actions and Lifestyles to Avoid Dementia Program (HALT-AD) or Hispanos y el ALTo a la Demencia is a recently-developed online educational platform to help individuals identify and modify their own dementia modifiable risk factors (MRF). In light of known challenges in recruiting and retaining diverse participants in research studies, there is a need to identify data-informed strategies that will contribute to effective outreach and tailored implementation of HALT-AD among its intended users of Hispanic and non-Hispanic midlife and older adults in the US.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To identify factors (i.e, demographic, medical, psychosocial and environmental) that may facilitate or impede effective program enrollment and participation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional study SETTING: Data from an online and self-administered survey conducted between January and April 2023 PARTICIPANTS: Residents of California, predominately San Diego, who were 50 to 85 years old, with no dementia or Alzheimer's disease, proficient in English or Spanish and with enough technical ability to complete the survey electronically (n=157; 43% Hispanic). INTERVENTION (IF ANY): none MEASUREMENTS: RedCap was used to capture answers to closed and open-ended survey questions. Mixed-methods analysis was used: For quantitative data, descriptive statistics, comparisons by group (Hispanic/non-Hispanic), and exploratory factor analysis were conducted in SPSS. Thematic analysis with open coding in Excel was used for qualitative responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Independent of ethnicity, participants' most preferred method of reach for recruitment was through a conversation with their doctor or with a family member or friend. Their least preferred method was receiving a Facebook advertisement especially among non-Hispanics. Interest in program participation did not differ by sociodemographic characteristics or self-rated satisfaction with individualized MRFs. Instead, having higher confidence in one's ability to commit to behavior change was significantly associated with higher interest in program participation. While a common theme to motivate both groups to participate was the potential to decrease dementia risk, non-Hispanics were motivated by the premise of supporting research and having a positive user experience. For program implementation, Hispanics were more likely to be interested in participating if live sessions, either online or in-person, were provided to offer support with making lifestyle changes as adjunct to completing online courses independently. In both groups, participation may be further facilitated by offering wearable devices which provide participants with feedback on lifestyle change progress.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;A \"one-size-fits-all\" approach to recruitment and implementation of HALT-AD may not be effective in enrolling and retaining participants in future studies or for ","PeriodicalId":22711,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"100053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}