International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity最新文献

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Digital History and the Study of Modernity 数字历史与现代性研究
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.591
P. Huijnen
{"title":"Digital History and the Study of Modernity","authors":"P. Huijnen","doi":"10.18352/hcm.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.591","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory article to the special issue on digital history claims that digital history bears promise for the study of modernity. The German historian Reinhart Koselleck argued that the rise of modernity involved fundamental discursive shifts. These can be found in texts, of which many are rapidly becoming available in digitized form, while the steady rise of new text mining techniques provides unprecedented opportunities to explore these texts in innovative ways. However, digital historians need to use these techniques critically since most are not geared towards the study of history. In particular, historians have to account for comparability, chronology and language. The articles in this special issue offer showcases of how digital historians have shed new light on various aspects of modernity.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"26 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114039536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rockefeller Bureaucracy and Circumknowing Science in the Mid-Twentieth Century 20世纪中期的洛克菲勒官僚主义与绕行科学
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.592
M. Barany
{"title":"Rockefeller Bureaucracy and Circumknowing Science in the Mid-Twentieth Century","authors":"M. Barany","doi":"10.18352/hcm.592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.592","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines evaluation principles and techniques and their associated bureaucratic practices from the early decades of Rockefeller science philanthropy. I characterize the distinctive kinds of expertise about science that such philanthropy presumed and cultivated based on analyses of, first, documents connected to interventions in European and South American mathematics and, second, a 1946 handbook prepared by Warren Weaver to guide new programme officers. Rockefeller officers developed elaborate infrastructures for understanding and intervening in the personal and institutional conditions of scientific investigation, while deliberately diverting attention away from the particulars of the science they supported. Their approach, indicative of operating strategies and assumptions for scientific funding bodies in this period, shaped access and authority across the major enterprises of late modern science, defining both what science and which scientists could benefit from new resources and opportunities.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129730719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Advancing American Art and Intercultural Confrontations in Germany, 1945–1948 在德国推进美国艺术和跨文化对抗,1945-1948
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.594
F. Mehring
{"title":"Advancing American Art and Intercultural Confrontations in Germany, 1945–1948","authors":"F. Mehring","doi":"10.18352/hcm.594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.594","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically addresses the multivalent function of American art exhibitions in the period of de-Nazification and re-democratization. What kind of cultural and political parameters shaped the perception of American Art in Germany during the early post-war years? I investigate intercultural confrontations surrounding the project of advancing American art and the critical response of German audiences by first looking at the exhibition Advancing American Art from 1947. I then analyze the role of the transatlantic cultural mediator Hilla von Rebay to understand developments in the German perspective on American art. The German-born artist von Rebay emigrated in 1927 to the United States and organized the German tour of Zeitgenössische Kunst und Kunstpflege in U.S.A. (Contemporary Art and the Promotion of Arts in the U.S.A.) authorized by the Office of Military Government, United States (OMGUS) in 1948. The project of ‘advancing American art’ resembles a struggle with many setbacks due to lack of official support and finding a larger public in the early years after World War II.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130124296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Funding Panels as Declarative Bodies: Meritocracy and Paradoxes of Decision-Making in Modern Science 作为声明性机构的资助小组:现代科学中的精英管理和决策悖论
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.593
Laura Stark
{"title":"Funding Panels as Declarative Bodies: Meritocracy and Paradoxes of Decision-Making in Modern Science","authors":"Laura Stark","doi":"10.18352/hcm.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.593","url":null,"abstract":"In the middle of the twentieth century, bureaucratic organizations that aimed to appear democratic began using expert groups as a kind of decision-making technology. I call these groups ‘declarative bodies’ and funding panels are one example. Declarative bodies are distinctive types of groups because they have the power to make things in the world through declaration: their words bring new objects into being. Building on philosophy of language, this article theorizes and explains the unusual structural constraints that members of funding panels labour within by virtue of being part of a declarative body. The article argues that these constraints stem from three democratic ideals: impersonality, objectivity and truth. When put to work through declarative bodies, these democratic ideals create paradoxes that have fundamentally shaped how funding panellists labour together. Further, I argue that organizations use funding panels formally and intentionally to create the appearance that decisions were made by a disembodied actor to sanctify the legitimacy of the organizations’ choices. Declarative bodies, such as funding panels, have actively altered the processes of knowledge-making, the contours of scientific communities and the products of knowledge itself. By the twenty-first century, it can be hard to imagine other acceptable methods of making decision in science, despite growing worries about the unintended, undemocratic outcomes they produce. This article encourages a critical curiosity to imagine new ways of making decisions, to declare new futures and to bring other worlds into being.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114368179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To Hunt or Not to Hunt: Tiger Hunting, Conservation and Collaboration in Colonial India 狩猎还是不狩猎:印度殖民地的老虎狩猎、保护与合作
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-10-13 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.587
Rajarshi Mitra
{"title":"To Hunt or Not to Hunt: Tiger Hunting, Conservation and Collaboration in Colonial India","authors":"Rajarshi Mitra","doi":"10.18352/hcm.587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.587","url":null,"abstract":"As the Edwardian era came to an end in Britain and its Empire began to decline, the glorious days of tiger hunting in India were being measured against a genuine fear of the total extinction of tigers. This article maps the precarious position of Indian tigers in the hands of hunters against the rising concern over preservation of the species in the first half of the twentieth century. Ranging from the bureaucratic to the overtly sentimental and personal, these attitudes, taken together, reveal a pre-‘Project Tiger’ conservation milieu in colonial India. They help us to judge the cultural status and symbol of the Bengal tiger before it became an iconic species for wildlife conservation in postcolonial India. The various debates and representations of tigers in hunting memoirs often throw light on intricate socio-cultural problems threatening the survival of the cat. In fact, the debates, as much as they spread awareness, ended up strengthening the bureaucratic and sometimes political hold over Indian forests. The article further tracks imperial discourse on the systematization of tiger hunts, which was effectively linked with the preservation of tigers and collaboration with Indians. During the twilight of the British Empire, tiger hunt and tiger conservation would emerge as sites for possible collaboration between Indians and their rulers. As recent efforts at international collaboration to protect tigers have shown, the tiger retains enough sentimental value to secure bureaucratic and political ties between nations.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121704189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Contemporaneity of ‘Counter-Enlightenment’. From the French Revolution to German Post-War Sociology “反启蒙”的当代性。从法国大革命到德国战后社会学
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.590
Sonja Asal
{"title":"The Contemporaneity of ‘Counter-Enlightenment’. From the French Revolution to German Post-War Sociology","authors":"Sonja Asal","doi":"10.18352/hcm.590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.590","url":null,"abstract":"While resistance to Enlightenment thought occurring in the eighteenth century is often framed by the concept of ‘Counter-Enlightenment’, the term itself was not introduced before the twentieth century. The article first reconstructs the anti-Enlightenment polemic before and after the French Revolution to highlight that while the notion of Counter- Enlightenment is appropriate for the identification of hitherto unexplored strands of thought, in view of a broader and more differentiated approach to the intellectual history of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, it does not allow for a substantial definition. Subsequently, the article examines the history of the concept in French, English and German linguistic contexts, the German sociology of the interwar period and discussions about the legacy of the Enlightenment after World War II, to retrace how the different iterations have to be understood as a key for the self-reflection of modern societies throughout the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125380268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soundproof Silences? Towards a Sound History of Silence 隔音的沉默?走向沉默的健全历史
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.586
Karsten Lichau
{"title":"Soundproof Silences? Towards a Sound History of Silence","authors":"Karsten Lichau","doi":"10.18352/hcm.586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.586","url":null,"abstract":"This article calls for a sound history of silence. Widely neglected within sound-historical research, exploring the manifold sounds of silence not only fills a lacuna in scholarship, but also poses critical challenges to current discussions in the flourishing field of sound history. This theoretical claim is based on empirical case studies from another still unwritten history: the political and cultural history of the minute’s silence, a political commemoration ceremony established in the aftermath of World War I. A practice theory approach makes it possible to understand how silence was produced in specific historical contexts through a complex set of cognitive, emotional, logistical, media, physiological, sensorial and kinesthetic practices that engage (or not) with the official call for silence and make it into success or failure. Conceiving of silence as a complex acoustical practice, the article aims to establish silence as a full-fledged topic of research at the centre of sound history and to inspire research on the historical and contemporary interplay between political structures and sensory or bodily practices.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115452594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Practice and Promise of Citizenship 公民的实践与承诺
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.583
D. Vartija
{"title":"The Practice and Promise of Citizenship","authors":"D. Vartija","doi":"10.18352/hcm.583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.583","url":null,"abstract":"Frederick Cooper’s thought-provoking, globe-trotting history of concepts and practices of citizenship from antiquity to the present is an engaging book that sheds light on the difficulties we face in a globalizing and persistently unequal world.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133790014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Eurocentric Fallacy. A Digital-Historical Approach to the Concepts of ‘Modernity’, ‘Civilization’ and ‘Europe’ (1840–1990) 欧洲中心谬误。“现代性”、“文明”和“欧洲”概念的数字历史研究(1840-1990)
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-09-14 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.580
J. V. Eijnatten, R. Ros
{"title":"The Eurocentric Fallacy. A Digital-Historical Approach to the Concepts of ‘Modernity’, ‘Civilization’ and ‘Europe’ (1840–1990)","authors":"J. V. Eijnatten, R. Ros","doi":"10.18352/hcm.580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.580","url":null,"abstract":"According to recent literature, the idea of Europe as it developed during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries coincided closely with the concepts of ‘civilization’ and ‘modernity’. This article examines this claim by testing the existence of modernity, civilization and Europe as a conceptual ‘trinity’ by using digital history techniques. Word frequencies, collocations and word embeddings are employed to analyze four Dutch newspapers (Algemeen Handelsblad, Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, De Telegraaf, De Leeuwarder Courant) spanning the period 1840–1990. It transpires that semantic relations between the three elements are hardly visible; in so far as they appear, they hardly constitute a close-knit ‘trinity’. Alternating combinations among the three components were more significant than direct connections between all three, while ‘the West’ was more central than Europe. These findings suggest that popular media like newspapers have a different take on culturalpolitical concepts than writings by the intellectual elite.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129624040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
References to Iconic Landscapes in the Debate Surrounding the Founding of Finland’s National Parks, circa 1880–1910 围绕芬兰国家公园建立的争论中提及的标志性景观,大约1880-1910年
International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Pub Date : 2019-09-13 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.579
Juho Niemelä, E. Ruuskanen
{"title":"References to Iconic Landscapes in the Debate Surrounding the Founding of Finland’s National Parks, circa 1880–1910","authors":"Juho Niemelä, E. Ruuskanen","doi":"10.18352/hcm.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.579","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the formation of the idea of national parks in Finland between the 1880s and 1910s. It argues that both the term and the concept of national park evolved in a long-lasting deliberative process between competing definitions. The main actors in this process were geographers, forestry scientists and NGOs devoted to popular education and the promotion of tourism. As a result of the debates, iconic landscapes and species were located in Finnish nature inside the wholly artificial boundaries of the national parks. Eventually, both the science and tourism poles of the decades-long debate were incorporated into the plans and visions for Finland’s national parks in the early twentieth century. The national park debate between the 1880s and 1910s focused mainly on landscapes, land formations and vegetation zones, and not so much on the wildlife or indeed the people who lived inside these areas.","PeriodicalId":227091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity","volume":"41 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129825596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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