Ibrahim Medical College Journal最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of coronary heart disease in a rural population of Bangladesh","authors":"M. Sayeed, H. Mahtab, S. Sayeed, T. Begum, P. Khanam, A. Banu","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6494","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major global health problem with the majority of burden observed increasingly in the developing countries. There has been no estimate of CHD in Bangladesh. This study addresses the prevalence of CHD in a Bangladeshi rural population which also aimed to determine the risk factors related to CHD. Ten villages of Nandail sub-district under Mymensingh were selected purposively. All subjects of age ≥20y were considered eligible and were interviewed about family income, family history of T2DM, CHD and HTN. The investigations included height, weight, waist-girth, hip-girth, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (Chol) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) were also estimated. Finally, electrocardiography (ECG) was undertaken in all participants who had family history of diabetes or hypertension or CHD. Diagnosis of CHD was based on history of angina or changes in ECG or diagnosed by a cardiologist. A total of 6235 subjects were enlisted as eligible (age ≥20y) participants. Of them, 4141 (m / f: 1749 / 2392) subjects volunteered for the study. The age-adjusted (20-69y) prevalence of CHD was 1.85 with 95% CI, 1.42 - 2.28. There was no significant difference between men and women. The mean (SD) values of age (p<0.001), SBP (p<0.01), DBP (p<0.05), HbA1c (p<0.05) and ACR (p<0.01) were significantly higher among subjects with CHD than those without; whereas, there were no significant differences in BMI and WHR, TG, Chol and HDL. Logistic regression analysis showed that adjusted for age, sex, social class and obesity, the subjects with higher age (≥45y), higher 2hBG (≥7.0mmol/l), higher ACR (≥17.2) and family history of CHD had significant risk for CHD. The prevalence of CHD is comparable with other Asian population. Family history of CHD and age over 45 years, and who had hyperglycemia and higher ACR were proved to be the independent predictors of CHD. CHD was found to affect participants irrespective of sex, social class, obesity and lipid status. Though the IFG and diabetes groups appeared to have similar biophysical characteristics, only the diabetes group had significant risk for CHD. Further study in a larger sample may be undertaken to confirm the study findings and to explore some unidentified risk factors of CHD. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6494 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 37-43","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127805132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical education in Bangladesh - past, present and future","authors":"M. Sayeed","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6493","url":null,"abstract":"Through its journey from the prehistoric era, medicine has evolved itself into a social system heavily bureaucratized and politicized and truly commercialized. Medical education has also traversed a long way from the ancient medicine in India, China, Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece to the middle ages and finally to the present day medicine. The explosion of knowledge during the last two centuries has made medicine more complex and rendered medical education more and more difficult. And more difficult is to take the benefit of medical knowledge to the common people and truly to the disadvantaged communities. Let us think of our old traditional medicine. Usually, a disciple learnt from his / her teacher (guru /ostad) and served as a philanthropist and the physician’s position was “next to God”. The days are gone. Colonization made a great change in our medicinal practice. We lost our glory of contribution to medical science by the celebrated authorities – Atreya, Charaka, Susrata and Vagbhatt. We lost our glory as history goes, in the time of East India Company, the British physicians learnt the art of rhinoplasty and the instruments for microsurgery, then widely used in India.","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133515080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamase among the clinical isolates of imipenem resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter in tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka city","authors":"S. Anwar, R. Miah, A. Saleh, Humayun Sattar, Sharmeen Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6498","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid spread of Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing Gram negative bacilli represents a matter of great concern worldwide. The study analyzed the occurrence of MBL production in carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates over one year period. A total of 132 Pseudomonas and 76 Acinetobacter isolates were obtained from two tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka city. A total of 53 Pseudomonas and 29 Acinetobacter isolates were selected because of their resistance to carbapenem specially imipenem (IPM). Screening for MBL production was performed in these isolates by IPM-EDTA microdilution MIC method. 44 (83%) IPM resistant Pseudomonas and 19 (65.5%) Acinetobacter isolates were MBL producer by IPM-EDTA microdilution MIC method. These results suggest that MBL producing Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates are emerging in our country and it is essential to screen carbapenem resistant isolates for MBL production. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6498 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 63-65","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124256324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake, physical activities and nutritional status of adolescent girls in an urban population of Bangladesh","authors":"Ali Abbas Mohammad Kurshed, M. Rana, Sabina Khan, T. Azad, J. Begum, A. H. Bhuyan","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6502","url":null,"abstract":"In Bangladesh, under-nutrition is a common health problem, but for socio-cultural background, it is most predominant among the female population starting from their early life to motherhood. For the adolescent girls, there has been no such study though they will be the future mothers. Therefore, this study is designed to address the lifestyle and nutrition of the Bangladeshi female adolescents. The study was conducted purposively in Dhaka selecting randomly 15 of 95 City corporation wards of Dhaka City. All adolescent girls aged 10–18 years were considered eligible participants of an urban population of Bangladesh. The study included socio-demographic information, clinical examination, dietary intake, physical activities and body mass index (BMI = weight in kg / height in m. sq.). Overall, 352 adolescent girls volunteered. Socio-economically, 51% of them had monthly family income ≥20,000 BDT and 11.4% had <10,000 BDT. Of the participants, 14.8% had BMI <18.5, 80.7% had 18.5 – 24.9, and 4.6% had ≥25. BMI was found not to have significant association with physical activities. No clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency were observed. On clinical examination 75% of the participants were found healthy, 15.9% had anemia and 5.7% had diarrhea. Compared with the national dietary intake, the cereal intake was lower but protein containing foods like pulse and nuts, meat, egg, fish, milk and milk products were found very much close to the national intake. On the average, 95 % of calorie, 93.5 % of protein and 96.5 % of fat requirement were met. For micronutrient requirement, very low intake was observed with calcium (62 %) and iron (63 %). In conclusion, the participants consumed rice daily with frequent consumption of vegetables. Although the study subjects were mostly from higher class of urban dwellers their dietary intake was found not healthy as evidenced by daily rice intake and very low intake of fruits, calcium and iron indicating lack of awareness regarding food habit. Further study is needed to confirm the study findings and to initiate health education on diet among the Bangladeshi adolescent girls. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6502 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 78-82","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121110472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist-to-height ratio and socio-demographic characteristics of Bangladeshi adults","authors":"M. Flora, C. Mascie-Taylor, Mahmudur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6496","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Controversy remains regarding the best anthropometric indices for cardiovascular risk. Waist-to-height ratio has been reported to be an effective predictor of metabolic risks and it may be a better measure of relative fat distribution amongst subjects of different age and statures. Bangladeshi data lack in this perspective. To determine waist-to-height ratio of Bangladeshi adults along with its variation with socio-economic status, cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003. Data were collected through interviewing and measuring height and waist circumference of 22,995 adult males and females of an urban (Mirpur, Dhaka City) and rural area (Kaliganj sub-district). The mean waist-to-height ratio of 0.48 significantly varied with socio-demographic variables and it was markedly higher in females, older age groups, urban residents and the better educated. Urban residents, females, older people, better educational status, the non-paid and married individuals were more likely to have high waist-toheight ratio (≥0.5). High waist-to-height ratio levels using sex-specific cut-offs were more common in females, urban residents, Christians, older individuals, married, the better educated and the nonpaid. Age and locality were identified as best predictors in males and females, respectively.  Key words: Waist-to-height ratio; adult; Bangladeshi DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6496 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 49-58","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114676104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh","authors":"R. Ahmed, S. Ara","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6501","url":null,"abstract":"Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114873345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial profile and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka","authors":"L. Barai, K. Fatema, J. Haq, M. Faruq, A. Ahsan, Md Abu Hana Golam Morshed, Md. Belayet Hossain","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6499","url":null,"abstract":"Critically ill patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU) are always at a higher risk of developing infections with various antibiotic resistant organisms. The objective of this study was to know the antibiotic resistance pattern of the common isolates from blood, urine, respiratory secretions and pus/wound swab of patients admitted in ICU at BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder) hospital, during a one year period from March 2006 to February 2007. A total of 1660 samples were analyzed. Growth was obtained in 34% of the samples yielding 632 organisms. The major organism isolated were Pseudomonas sp. (29.1%), Acinetobacter sp. (27.5%), Candida sp. (12.8%), Escherichia coli (10.3%) and Klebsiella sp. (9.7%). Staphylococcus aureus , Enterobacter sp , Citrobacter sp , Enterococcus sp , Providencia sp and Serratia sp accounted for 10.6% of the isolates. All the isolates were highly resistant (>80%) to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The frequency of third generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli , Klebsiella and imipenem resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were >50%. Acinetobacter was remarkably resistant to most antibiotics including imipenem (>70% resistant), but most of the members of the Enterobacteriacae group showed maximum sensitivity to imipenem (50%-94%). The findings of this study might help clinicians to formulate their first line empirical antibiotic treatment regimens for the patients admitted in ICUs. Key words: Intensive care units; antimicrobial resistance pattern; bacterial profile. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6499 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 66-69","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128591475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PROPHYLACTIC AMPUTATION","authors":"F. Afsana, T. Ahmed, H. Mahtab","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I2.6504","url":null,"abstract":"A case of amputation of the fourth toe is described in a diabetic patient. The patient had overlapping of third and fourth toes since her childhood and later she developed soft lipomas over the fourth toe and lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot. The lipomas were excised without relief of pain. Subsequently, the fourth toe was disarticulated with relief of pain and healing of ulcers. The role of prophylactic amputations in such cases is described. Key words: Diabetes; amputation; ulcer. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6504 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 87-89","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127182494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer among Pakistani Women in Referral Hospitals: An Overview of Risk Factors","authors":"M. Saria, M. Mirza, L. Habib, M. Zubair","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I1.5926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I1.5926","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the significance of various reproductive risk factors amongst Pakistani women suffering from breast carcinoma. This observational study was carried out from March 2007 to February 2009 at three hospitals. The women who presented with breast swelling with or without discharge from nipple were included in the study. The diagnosis of breast cancer was confirmed by histopathological examination. A questionnaire included history and various reproductive risk factors. The study patients were divided into two groups by their menopausal history – premenopausal and post-menopausal as ‘group A’ and ‘group B’, respectively. A total of 70 patients had the diagnosis of breast cancer. Of them, 32 were in group A and 38 in group B. Regarding age distribution, 49% were found in ≥51 years of age and 29% in the age group 30 – 40 years. The mean age at menarche was 13.3 years in group A and 12.4 years in group B. Nulliparity was seen in 12.5% cases in group A and 5.26% in group B. History of first full term pregnancy (FFTP) below the age of 20 was present in majority of cases in both groups though higher in group B. Breast cancer in post-menopausal women was exclusively found among those who had early menarche (<=11 years) and was more frequent among those who had FFTP below 20 years of age compared with the pre-menopausal group (88% vs. 66%). The study showed higher frequency of breast cancer in postmenopausal women having early menarche and also more frequent among those with early FFTP. Parity, breast feeding, oral contraceptive pill use were not related to breast cancer. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(1): 1-3 Indexing Words: Breast carcinoma; risk factors; genetics. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i1.5926","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127477007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple Screening Tests for the Detection of Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL) Production in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter","authors":"S. Anwar, R. Miah, A. Saleh, Humayun Sattar, Sharmeen Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V4I1.5932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V4I1.5932","url":null,"abstract":"There are no standard methods for the detection of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production in gram negative organism in routine microbiology practice. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the screening tests like double disk synergy test (DDST) and disk potentiation test (DPT) using ceftazidime (CAZ) and imipenem (IPM) disks with chelating agents like EDTA, 2-mercaptopropionic acid (2-MPA). A total of 132 Pseudomonas and 76 Acinetobacter isolates were obtained from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) hospitals of Dhaka city. A total of 53 and 29 IPM resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates were selected. EDTA-IPM microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (EDTA-IPM MIC) method detected MBL in 44 (83%) IPM resistant Pseudomonas and 19 (65.5%) Acinetobacter isolates. DDST with CAZ-0.1M EDTA and CAZ-2-MPA detected MBL in 73.6% and 67.9% of IPM resistant Pseudomonas and 55.2% and 48.3% of Acinetobacter isolates respectively. The detection rate was 67.9% and 66.1% in Pseudomonas and 51.7% and 44.8% in Acinetobacter isolates by EDTA-IPM and IPM-2- MPA methods respectively. In comparison to DDST, DPT with CAZ-0.1M EDTA showed higher sensitivity (89.7% ) and specificity (100%) for detection of MBL in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter . The results showed that simple screening tests like DPT with 0.1M EDTA was able to detect MBL producing Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter from clinical samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(1): 26-30 DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i1.5932","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}