Ire Transactions on Automatic Control最新文献

{"title":"Analysis and synthesis of dynamic performance of industrial organizations--The application of feedback control techniques to organizational systems","authors":"R. Wilcox","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1962.1105423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1962.1105423","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a method is described for evaluating the dynamic performance of the operation of an organization. It is shown that the performance response of past efforts can be expressed mathematically by means of performance operators leading to the development of a mathematical model of the process of industrial operations. This paper considers the operation of an engineering organization as a dynamic system and shows that the organization may be treated as a feedback control system with all control techniques of analysis and synthesis applied. Industrial organizations are complex systems of integrated functional departments, sections, and groups. Management control is obtained by functional capability and feedback. The operation of producing a desired design and product represents a multi-loop feedback control system. Feedback provides a continuous measurement of the actual performance as the design and fabrication of the product progresses; the actual progressive accomplishment is compared to the requirements of the job. Control is obtained by means of the corrective action taken to reduce the deviation between the actual and desired result. The science of automatic control analysis as applied to engineering organizations is directly analogous to that applied to the weapon and industrial process control systems. A key measure of performance for a specific output requirement of a design or product is the relation of progressive accomplishment versus time. Accomplishment is measured by means of a number of relations, such as, degree of completion, man-months of effort, or cost to produce. Time of project performance is measured in weeks or months. The historical data of accomplishment versus time provide the dynamic performances of the functional departments as subsystems. These dynamic performance characteristics are analyzed and transformed into mathematical operators or transfer functions. Block diagrams of the integrated and cooperating project groups provide a picture of the organizational system. Feedback is predominant in such a system. A well-trained and efficiently operating organization may be considered as a complex machine. The combination of block diagrams and subsystem transfer functions provide a mathematical model of the organization and a basis for synthesis as used in feedback control systems. Examples of the above procedure are demonstrated by the use of specific case histories of a number of projects. Fundamental considerations are given of the application of time lags, dead time, lead compensation, linearity, non-linearity, sampled data, adaptive control, stability, etc., using transient and frequency response techniques. The application of synthesis indicates the measures to be taken by management to improve the organizational structure and its performance. For instance, the effects of reducing dead time, of operating as a project group versus functional groups, and of sampling performance on a weekly rather than monthly b","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130830315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regression techniques in multivariate adaptive control systems","authors":"A. Bishop, H. Chope","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1962.1105427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1962.1105427","url":null,"abstract":"A control system is proposed which utilizes a multiple regression technique for optimal control of a multivariate nonstationary process. The concept underlying this system is the basing of each set of control actions on a current statistical description of the process, so that the adjustments performed will cause control of the output in an efficient manner. Adjustments are made to occur at discrete intervals. Descriptions of the applicable statistics and the computations required are presented, and the problem of choosing decision rules to relate control actions to process statistics is discussed. Several decision rules of practical importance are examined.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114366852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum design of passive-adaptive, linear feedback systems with varying plants","authors":"P. Fleischer","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1962.1105428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1962.1105428","url":null,"abstract":"In designing a feedback control system involving a variable (or incompletely known) plant the prime consideration, besides obtaining a satisfactory transfer function, is to specify a system which is insensitive to plant variations. Some procedures for obtaining insensitive designs have been described in the literature, but they all result in systems having large open loop bandwidths. In the presence of instrument noise such systems would tend to produce an excessive noise output. In this paper a minimization is carried out, where the conflicting requirements of small sensitivity to plant variations and insensitivity to instrument noise are satisfied simultaneously. The solution is approximate, but can be justified in most physical situations. A method for iterating the solution is also described.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123516621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On minimum of maximum expected deviation from an unstable equilibrium position of a randomly perturbed control system","authors":"M. Aoki","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1962.1105431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1962.1105431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116532377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of high-order nonlinear control systems with ramp input","authors":"C. Shen","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1962.1105422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1962.1105422","url":null,"abstract":"Unsymmetrical half periods exist in a system with static and kinetic dry friction. The time duration under kinetic and viscous friction is much shorter than that under static friction alone. The condition of sustained oscillation is formulated and determined by a modified describing function method. The accuracy of this mothod is evaluated by comparison to an exact analysis.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131170882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integral transforms for algebraic analysis and design of a class of linear-variable and adaptive control systems","authors":"G. Johnson, F. Kilmer","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1962.1105426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1962.1105426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115053793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"s -plane design of compensators for feedback systems","authors":"C. Pollak, G. Thaler","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105223","url":null,"abstract":"The poles and zeros of a compensator affect the s -plane gain and phase of the open-loop system at every point in the s -plane. These effects are studied for open-loop poles and zeros on the negative real axis, and a family of curves summarizes the results. A design technique is developed which permits compensation design to satisfy simultaneous specifications of root location and system gain. The method clearly defines the minimum number of compensator sections required and leads to a logical interpretation of relative needs for phase-lead and phase-lag compensators.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129259329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion of \"Optimization based on a square-error criterion with an arbitrary weighting function\"","authors":"J. Zaborszky, J. Diesel, G. W. Murphy","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115329520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical approach to root loci","authors":"K. Steiglitz","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105212","url":null,"abstract":"The general algebraic equations of root loci for real K are found in polar and Cartesian coordinates. A synthesis method is then suggested which leads to linear equations in the coefficients of the open-loop transfer function when closed-loop poles and their corresponding gains are specified. Equations are also found for the gain corresponding to a given point on the root locus. A superposition theorem is presented which shows how the root loci for two open-loop functions place constraints on the locus for their product. With a knowledge of the simple lower-order loci, this theorem can be used in sketching and constructing root loci.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124297535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of quantization on feedback systems with stochastic inputs","authors":"R. Kramer","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105211","url":null,"abstract":"An approximate analysis of the effects of quantization in a feedback system is made. The system input is a Gaussian random signal. The error autocorrelation as a function of the quantizer box size is the goal of the analysis. The approximation lies in the assumption that certain error joint distributions are Gaussian. In the limit as the quantizer box size approaches zero, these distributions do become Gaussian. On the basis of the approximation, a nonlinear integral equation relating the error autocorrelation to the system parameters is developed. An iteration procedure for successive approximations to the solution is outlined, and several examples are presented. Finally, experimental results obtained on a digital computer are shown.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125452758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}