{"title":"Controlled camping or USSR in heterospect","authors":"O. Smith","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131711260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foreword to special issue","authors":"R. Kramer","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127700434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A technique of linear system identification using correlating filters","authors":"W. Lichtenberger","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105194","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for measuring the impulse response of linear processes while they are on line is described. Such an identification of process dynamics is necessary in process-adaptive control systems. A testing signal and correlating filter are employed after the manner of Turin. Such a procedure requires no multiplier, and the output of the filter is the impulse response as a continuous function of real time. To reduce accompanying output noise, the method of adding coherently the results of a number of tests made in succession is proposed. This idea is applied to the measurement of a member of an ensemble of slowly varying impulse responses. Optimum design of both the correlating filter and the necessary test signal is determined on the basis of minimum mean-square error of the resulting estimate. The optimization of the number of tests to be included in a measurement is described. The general results are applied to the case of a single, slowly time-varying process. In addition to optimum design, normalized curves showing the optimum number of tests for a particular mode of variation are included. A second application is made to the problem of measuring a member of an ensemble of fixed processes. The results of a digital computer simulation of this case are given.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115860572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct cycle nuclear power plant stability analysis","authors":"D. Buden, R. Miller","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105189","url":null,"abstract":"A power plant with a heat exchanger such as a nuclear reactor substituted for the conventional chemical interburn-ers in a jet engine will cause a considerable change in dynamic performance. The instantaneous power generated by the heat source is not the same as the instantaneous power delivered to the turbine. The basic control problems are analyzed using fixed control parameters and partial derivatives around a given operating point. A mathematical criterion is developed and correlated with power plant test data. An understanding of the inherent limitations of combining a reactor, or any heat exchanger having a thermal lag, with a basic jet engine makes it possible to devise a means of control. The introduction of an effective operational speed control makes it possible to operate a complete power plant under any desired condition.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133343078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A parameter-perturbation adaptive control system","authors":"R. McGrath, V. Rajaraman, V. Rideout","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105191","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical and simulation studies of a parameter-perturbation self-adaptive system are discussed. A number of system block diagrams are included, showing diverse applications of parameter-perturbation adaptive techniques. A particular study has been made using error signals based on an ideal model, and the concept of high-frequency perturbation of the model has been introduced. A linearized mathematical model of the adaptive loop for the system-adaptive scheme has been obtained using time-varying system analysis. Experimental verification of the mathematical model has been obtained with an analog computer. It is shown that increased speed of adaptive loop response is possible with high-frequency perturbation of model parameters. Simulation studies have also shown the feasibility of adaptive control with random system input, and random parameter disturbances.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129451797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A mean-weighted square-error criterion for optimum filtering of nonstationary random processes","authors":"G. Murphy, K. Sahara","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105196","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure for use in the design of a physically realizable fime-invariant linear system for optimum filtering of a nonstationary random process in the presence of nonstationary random noise is presented in this paper. First, a new criterion for system performance is defined. On the basis of this criterion, an integral equation for the optimum physically realizable weighting function is derived, and it is shown that in some cases an exact solution to this equation can be obtained through the use of double Fourier transforms. Then the use of a technique to obtain an approximation to the solution to the integral equation is discussed. This theoretical background is followed by an illustrative example in which the method is used to design the optimum physically realizable linear time-invariant filter for a Brownian-motion signal contaminated by Markovian noise. It is shown here that if the designer is constrained by the requirement that the system be a digital filter with finite memory, then an exact solution can be found. Application of the method in cases where the random processes are stationary is discussed next, and the suggested approach is illustrated in an example.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133765729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precision of impulse-response identification based on short, normal operating records","authors":"R. Kerr, W. Surber","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105192","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of a process may be estimated from an observation over a finite interval of time of the input and output variables of the system during a period of normal operation. The determination of the most effective method of analyzing the observed data and of estimating the probable errors in such an analysis is an important problem in the study of complex processes and in the design of adaptive controllers for time-varying systems. For adaptive control systems, it is desirable to base this system \"identification\" analysis on as short an operating record as possible, consistent with the specified degree of accuracy to be obtained. This paper is concerned with the problem of impulse-response estimation based on such short \"normal operating\" records. If the measurements of the system variables are corrupted by noise, the impulse-response parameter estimates will be random variables, since, for a given record length, these estimates vary from one sample of the observed data to the next, depending on the variation in the characteristics of the noise and the input signal during each short segment of the record. The expected \"integrated-squared-error\" between the actual and the computed impulse responses is shown to depend only on the input signal and the noise characteristics. A method of computing the expected-integrated-squared error for a given input signal is developed to provide a test of the reliability of the identification routine for each analysis. With assumptions on the statistical nature of the input signal, this \"sufficient signal\" criterion is transformed to a \"sufficient record length\" criterion. Examples are given for two such specific assumptions: 1) An input signal with a Gaussian amplitude distribution. 2) A switching-type input signal which jumps between +1 and -1 with a random distribution of switching times. Results are presented in sampled-data form.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"319 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122124974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A general performance index for analytical design of control systems","authors":"Z. Rekasius","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105186","url":null,"abstract":"A generally applicable performance index for linear feedback systems is proposed. This performance index enables one to specify a desired (ideal) response towards which the system is optimized. The response of any unity-numerator system can be chosen as the ideal response. The coefficients of the performance index are determined from the specified ideal response, and the procedure of optimization is equivalent to minimization of the numerical value of this performance index. The procedure for constructing Liapunov functions for linear systems is used to minimize the performance index. System optimization is illustrated by means of examples. The results indicate that the smaller the numerical value of the performance index, the closer the actual system response approaches the specified ideal response.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115359941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability of servomechanisms with friction and stiction in the output element","authors":"P. Boháček, F. Tuteur","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105200","url":null,"abstract":"Servomechanisms with friction in the output element are often observed to oscillate, even though the Bode diagram indicates stability. This paper investigates the conditions for this instability and the type of oscillation that can occur. It finds that an overdamped system with a lag equalizer is stable if L , where L is the lag ratio and C =static friction÷Coulomb friction; with a lag-lead equalizer it is stable if frac{L}{1+a/b} , where a/b is the ratio of the two zeros of the network. For under-damped systems, the same analysis may be carried out, resulting in only slightly more complicated expressions. Experimental results that correlate with the theory are also included.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114100749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On a property of optimal controllers with boundedness constraints","authors":"H. Groginsky","doi":"10.1109/TAC.1961.1105197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1961.1105197","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a theory for optimal control systems designed to operate a plant of known characteristics. It is assumed that error-free measurement of the system input and the system behavior is permitted, but only limited changes in the system characteristics can be effected by the control variables at the designer's disposal. It is shown that within this limitation for a wide class of inputs and systems, and for a certain class of measures of the system performance, an optimal system behaves as a relay or switched system during the transient period, and as a continuous system during periods in which the input is produced identically. A procedure is described for determining the switching times during the transient period in terms of the permissible measurements. The result is the design of the optimal controller. Typically, its realization requires analog computation of the switching function and digital switching of the control variables. The design of a second-order regulator system, in which the control variable is the gain in the feedback path, is obtained. Marked improvement in the system performance is noted.","PeriodicalId":226447,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Automatic Control","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130256601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}