The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Mechanism of Retigabine-mediated TLR4-TRIF Pathway on the Inflammatory Response in Rats with Ischemic Stroke","authors":"","doi":"10.36899/japs.2026.1.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2026.1.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 1 February 2026","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF TGF-Β3/PDGF-BB-HEPARIN-HYALURONIC ACID HYDROGEL ON RABBIT KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS","authors":"","doi":"10.36899/japs.2026.1.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2026.1.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Current treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) can alleviate symptoms but fail to repair damaged articular cartilage, while long-term use may lead to side effects.This study aimed to investigate the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-3-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B chain homodimer (BB)/heparin-hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel in rabbit KOA to achieve effective articular cartilage repair.Methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and heparin (HepMA) were synthesized and utilized as matrices to prepare HepMA-HAMA hydrogel microspheres (MSs).Subsequently, the MSs were co-incubated with TGF-3 and PDGF-BB to fabricate heparin-HA hydrogel MSs loaded with dual growth factors (HepMA-HAMA@DGFs).The drug loading, release , degradation and biocompatibility characteristics of the prepared hydrogel MSs were examined.New Zealand rabbits were utilized as experimental animals, and a KOA rabbit model was established.Physiological saline (Model group), HA (HA group), hydrogel MSs (HepMA-HAMA group and HepMA-HAMA@DGFs group) were injected into the joint cavity.Healthy rabbits served as the control.Behavioral analysis, knee joint histology, and expression differences of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in knee articular cartilage were calculated.The MSs exhibited sustained cumulative drug release and in vitro degradation.Co-culturing HepMA-HAMA@DGFs MSs with mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed minimal changes in cell growth.In rabbits, the model group exhibited increased Lequesne MG scores, upregulated expression of MMP-13 and VEGF in knee articular cartilage, and downregulated expression of TIMP-1 versus Control (P<0.05).HepMA-HAMA and HepMA-HAMA@DGFs groups showed reduced Lequesne MG scores, downregulated expression of MMP-13 and VEGF in knee articular cartilage, and upregulated expression of TIMP-1 versus Model group (P<0.05).Compared with the HepMA-HAMA group, HepMA-HAMA@DGFs group exhibited decreased Lequesne MG scores, downregulated expressions of MMP-13 and VEGF in knee articular cartilage of rabbits, and upregulated expression of TIMP-1 (P<0.05).These findings indicate that HepMA-HAMA@DGFs hydrogel MSs have favorable drug release properties, degradation performance, and biocompatibility.Furthermore, HepMA-HAMA@DGFs hydrogel MSs can reduce the expression of MMP-13 and VEGF in KOA cartilage of rabbits, increase the expression of TIMP-1, and promote cartilage repair, thereby exerting therapeutic effects in the treatment of KOA in rabbits.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 1 February 2026","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2026/01/10.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADOPTION OF PIEZOELECTRIC-ENHANCED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL/POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE BILAYER COMPOSITE NANOHYDROGEL IN BONE AND CARTILAGE DEFECT REPAIR IN RABBITS","authors":"","doi":"10.36899/japs.2025.6.0146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2025.6.0146","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of piezoelectrically enhanced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) bilayer composite nanohydrogel in bone and cartilage defect repair in rabbits.Employing silver nanowires (AgNWs) and nano-hydroxyapatite, a PVA/PVDF/AgNWs piezoelectric composite bilayer nanohydrogel was prepared and characterized through XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and electron microscopy.The piezoelectric, swelling, and mechanical properties of the nanohydrogel were evaluated.Rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were divided into three groups: control, PVA/PVDF and PVA/PVDF/AgNWs groups.Cell viability was assessed via dual staining with acridine orange/propidium iodide (AM/PI) and visualized employing ImageJ.The expression of cartilage markers was measured by RT-PCR.A total of 30 rabbits with knee cartilage defects were divided into Group A (no intervention, blank control), Group B (intervention with PVA/PVDF hydrogel), and Group C (intervention with PVA/PVDF/AgNWs hydrogel), each with 10 rabbits.Gross observation and histological analysis were performed at eight weeks post-operation for cartilage repair evaluation.The PVA/PVDF/AgNWs piezoelectric composite bilayer nanohydrogel exhibited a three-dimensional network structure.The tensile fracture strength increased from 0.26 MPa to 0.6 MPa as the ethanol concentration increased.There was no significant difference in the proportion of live cells among the PVA/PVDF and PVA/PVDF/AgNWs groups and the control group (P>0.05).However, the expression levels of cartilage markers COL2A1, ACAN, and SOX9 were significantly higher in both experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).In Group C, the defect site was almost completely covered by new cartilage, which showed significantly improved repair.Additionally, Group C exhibited significantly higher ICRS and histological scores than Groups A and B (P<0.05).The PVA/PVDF/AgNWs composite bilayer nanohydrogel exhibited low biotoxicity.It greatly enhanced chondrocyte growth and cartilage repair of rabbits, making it a valuable candidate in cartilage regeneration.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 6 December","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2025/06/21.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Shikonin on the Uterine Pathological Changes in Uterine Myoma Mice by Suppressing the Activation of MAPK/ERK Pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.36899/japs.2025.6.0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2025.6.0141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 6 December","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2025/06/17.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147903893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baicalin Attenuates Allergic Rhinitis in Rats via Suppressing TLR4/AP-1 Inflammatory Signaling Pathway","authors":"Fubing Yang, F.J. Li, Xiaojun Chen, Ping Lv, Ruhui Xiao, Detao Ding, Qian Li","doi":"10.36899/japs.2025.5.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2025.5.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type of non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa with a complex pathogenesis. This study investigated the mechanism of Baicalin (BAI, main active component of Radix Scutellariae extract) on the immune-inflammatory response in AR rat model through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway. Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as Control group. The AR model (AR group) was constructed by ovalbumin sensitization, and treated with 0.9 mg/kg loratadine (LRD group) and 20, 40, 80 mg/kg of BAI (LD-BAI group, MD-BAI group and HD-BAI group) via intragastric administration for 28 days. Symptom scores of the rats were assessed, peripheral blood was collected to determine Th1/Th2 cell ratios and changes ininflammatory cytokines, and nasal mucosa tissues were harvested to analyze pathological morphological changes and the expression of proteins related to the TLR4/AP-1 signaling pathway. As against Control group, AR group suggested increased symptom scores; nasal mucosa tissue edema, congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration; decreased CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+Th1 proportion and increased CD3+CD4+IL-4+Th2 proportion in peripheral blood; elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines IgE, IL-4, IL-17, and TNF-α, and decreased levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ; increased relative expression (RE) of TLR4, Ikkβ, NF-κB, p-JNK, and AP-1 proteins in nasal mucosa tissue (P≤0.05). As against AR group, LRD group, LD-BAI group, MD-BAI group, and HD-BAI group all suggested visible improvements in symptom scores, nasal mucosa tissue morphology, peripheral blood immune cell ratios, immune cytokine levels, and the expression of TLR4 pathway-related proteins in nasal mucosa, with HD-BAI group (80 mg/kg) demonstrating the most significant improvements in all indicators (P≤0.05 vs. AR group). These findings suggest that BAI may alleviate AR symptoms by modulating immune-inflammatory responses via TLR4/AP-1 signaling. BAI can suppress the activation of TLR4 and its downstream Ikkβ/NF-κB, JNK/AP-1 inflammatory signaling pathways in AR rat model. BAI shows the developing novel treatment modalities for AR, warranting further investigation. Keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Baicalin; nasal mucosa; inflammatory cytokines; TLR4; Ikkβ/NF-κB; JNK/AP-1","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 5, October","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2025/05/09.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DECODING DROUGHT RESILIENCE IN CHINESE ANNUAL RYEGRASS (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): INTEGRATED PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILING REVEALS BOLT AS A SUPERIOR DROUGHT-TOLERANT CULTIVAR","authors":"","doi":"10.36899/japs.2025.3.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2025.3.0076","url":null,"abstract":"Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars, including Angus No.1, Abundant, Bolt, Jumbo, Tetragold, Barwoltra, and Diamond T, are widely cultivated in China for forage production.However, drought stress severely limits their yield and quality.This study investigated the drought tolerance mechanisms of these cultivars under 14-day extreme drought conditions.Physio-biochemical parameters, including chlorophyll content, osmoprotectants (saccharides, free amino acids, ascorbic acid), antioxidants (glutathione, polyphenols), oxidative damage markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion), and structural components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), were analyzed.This research found that Bolt exhibited superior drought tolerance, maintaining higher chlorophyll A (1.93 0.035 mg/g), total chlorophyll (3.17 0.065 mg/g), ascorbic acid (1885.9 117.8 Mol/g), and glutathione (234.2 25.69 g/g) compared to other cultivars.Additionally, Bolt showed enhanced hemicellulose accumulation (241.3 3.21 mg/g) and minimal reduction in cellulose.Despite elevated MDA (13.93 1.1 nMol/g) and ROS (119,000 4,000 relative fluorescence units (RFU) /g), Bolt's robust antioxidant system and structural adaptations likely mitigated oxidative damage.Re-watering experiments confirmed Bolt's resilience, underscoring its suitability for cultivation in arid areas.These results provide critical insights into selecting drought-tolerant ryegrass varieties for sustainable forage production in China.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2025/03/24.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147897073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of Yolk Antibodies in the Prevention and Diagnosis of Diseases in Aquaculture","authors":"X.W. Wang, R.W. Zheng","doi":"10.36899/japs.2025.2.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2025.2.0047","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to evaluate the prevention, treatment, and diagnostic methodologies for aquaculture diseases based on egg yolk antibodies (Immunoglobulin Y, IgY) and assess their impact on the health of aquatic animals. Initially, IgY was prepared using sterilization, pH adjustment, centrifugation, dialysis, and other steps. The purity of IgY was examined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and its concentration was determined using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein quantification assay kit. The potency of IgY against common aquatic pathogens was assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subsequently, 60 health specimens (including crucian, eel, little snapper, smelt, turtle, and flounder) were randomly divided into the IgY group and Control group, with 30 in each. Meanwhile, another 60 infected specimens were randomly divided into IgY-1 group (IgY), Control-1 group (saline) and Control-0 group (no treatment), with 20 in each group. Serum IgY levels in healthy and infected aquatic animals were measured, and egg yolk antibody levels were determined using ELISA to assess the diagnostic efficacy of IgY. Changes in disease resistance, abnormal symptoms, and survival rates among the four groups were observed.The prepared IgY exhibited high purity (showing distinct blue bands between 80~70 kDa and 23~32 kDa) with a concentration of 1.78 mg/mL. IgY demonstrated good efficacy against Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, and non-01 Vibrio cholerae. The serum IgY levels in infected aquatic animals were notably higher than those in healthy ones (P≤0.05). Evaluation of the diagnostic effectiveness revealed good sensitivity (76.67%), specificity (68.33%), and accuracy (72.50%) of IgY. Observations on preventive effects showed that at 1 month (M1), 3 months (M3), and 6 months (M6) after injection, the IgY group exhibited considerably higher body temperature, food intake, swimming behavior scores, and survival rates versus Control group. The proportion of abnormal symptoms was considerably lower in the IgY group versus Control group (P≤0.05). In the treatment observations at M1, M3, and M6, the IgY-1 group showed considerably higher food intake, swimming behavior scores, and survival rates than those in the Control-1 and Control-0 group, and a considerably lower proportion of abnormal symptoms (P≤0.05). At M3 and M6, the body temperature in the IgY-1 group was higher than that in Control-1 and Control-0 group (P≤0.05). IgY, as a preventive, therapeutic, and diagnostic approach, significantly enhanced the survival rate of aquatic animals in aquaculture, reduced abnormal symptoms, and improved overall health. It provides an effective strategy for disease prevention and diagnosis in aquaculture. Keywords: IgY; aquaculture; prevention; treatment; diagnose","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":"568-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2025/02/23.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147880102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovulation-inducing Effect of Angelica Sinensis Extract on Aged Infertile Mice and Its Impact on Fertility Capability","authors":"W Jiang, W.H. Yang, L Li, B.R. Luo","doi":"10.36899/japs.2025.2.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2025.2.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Although Angelica sinensis extract has been widely utilized for female reproductive health issues, its therapeutic effects on infertility are not established. This study aimed to assess the ovulation-inducing effects of Angelica sinensis extract in aged infertile mice and investigate its impact on fertility. An aged infertile mouse model was initially established and validated by monitoring estrous cycles. Subsequently, mice were randomly rolled into the control group (Group C) – receiving no intervention and being maintained under normal conditions; experimental group A (Group A) – establishing an infertility mouse model without any intervention; experimental group B (Group B) – constructing an infertility mouse model and administering Angelica sinensis extract as an intervention. Monitoring of hormonal levels, including estradiol (E2), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T), follicle counts, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and primordial follicle activation-related proteins (YAP, p-YAP, mTOR, p-mTOR, rpS6, p-rpS6, PTEN, p-PTEN) were carried out to evaluate the impact of Angelica sinensis extract on mouse ovarian function. Simultaneously, fertility experiments were conducted to record pregnancy rates, litter sizes, and litter numbers for both groups of mice to investigate the impact of Angelica sinensis extract on fertility. Group A exhibited greatly lower E2, AMH, P, follicle count, PCNA protein expression, p-YAP/YAP ratio, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, p-rpS6/rpS6 ratio, and higher levels of FSH, LH, T, p-PTEN/PTEN ratio, and the number of atretic follicles versus Group A (P ≤ 0.05). Group B showed higher levels of E2, AMH, P, PCNA protein expression, p-YAP/YAP ratio, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, p-rpS6/rpS6 ratio, primordial follicles, primary follicles, and antral follicles, as well as lower levels of FSH, LH, T, p-PTEN/PTEN ratio, and the number of atretic follicles versus Group A (P ≤ 0.05). Group A exhibited a significantly decreased pregnancy rate, litter size, and litter number compared to Group C, while Group B showed a higher litter size and number than Group A (P ≤ 0.05).Angelica sinensis extract has a pronounced ovulation-inducing effect on aged infertile mice and can enhance their fertility. These findings suggest that Angelica sinensis extract might be a natural remedy for treating declining ovarian function. Keywords: Angelica sinensis extract; aged; infertility; ovulation-inducing effect; ovaries; fertility capability.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":"458-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2025/02/14.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREPARATION PROCESS OF Passiflora edulis LEAVES EXTRACT AND ITS POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL MECHANISMS IN MICE: IMMUNOMODULATORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES","authors":"","doi":"10.36899/japs.2024.6.0819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2024.6.0819","url":null,"abstract":"Passiflora edulis (P.edulis) is a medicinal and food plant with several pharmacological activities, but its leaves are not well exploited and utilized.The preparation procedure of Passiflora edulis leaf extract (PELE) was optimized using the orthogonal design on L9(4 3 ) parameters based on the transfer rate of orientin from raw material and the quality control methods were established to a method for determining the total flavonoid content by UV-vis and the orientin content by HPLC.The evaluation of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of the PELE were used by establishing a mouse model of immunosuppression and paw edema.The results showed that 80% ethanol, 60 min extraction at 90C and 1:8 ratio was the best extraction process for PELE with a transfer rate of 11.15 0.05 %.The total flavonoids and orientin content in PELE were measured to be about 67.79 5.51 and 3.89 0.03 mg/g, and the transfer rate of orientin was 56.49 0.41%.In the immunosuppression model, PELE pretreatment delayed the atrophy of immune organs and reversed the down-regulation of immunoglobulin IgA, IgG, IgM and pro-inflammatory factors TNF-, IFN-, IL-2, IL-10 levels in mice.In a mouse paw edema model, PELE significantly reduced paw swelling and also showed downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-, IL-1, IL-6 and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors IFN-, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10.In conclusion, PELE has good immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities and is a good candidate for the development of drugs for the treatment of related diseases.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2024/06/05.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION ON PROTEIN, FLAVONOIDS, NITRATE, AND NITRITE CONTENT AND BIOACTIVITIES OF MATURE LEAVES OF TOONA SINENSIS","authors":"Shan-Yu Su, Yeye Geng, Jinzhuang Ni, Xiaogang Wang, Xiaoxi Xu","doi":"10.36899/japs.2024.4.0771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2024.4.0771","url":null,"abstract":"Toona sinensis (TS) is a widely cultivated and economically valued tree in Asia. However, millions of tons of its nutritious mature leaves go unutilized due to excessive amount of nitrate and nitrite. In this study, the mature leaves of TS were chopped, vacuum-packed, and fermented for up to 18 weeks to evaluate their feeding potential. The dynamic effects of fermentation on quality indicators, including crude protein, flavonoids, nitrate and nitrite content, and antioxidant activity [radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)] of mature leaves of TS were quantified every two weeks. Results showed that after fermentation for 6 weeks, the total content of nitrate and nitrite of TS leaves was significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) from 4523.36 to 1102.20 mg/kg. The mean content of nutritional components, including crude protein (17.88 ± 0.49%), flavonoids (792.24 ± 50.78 mg/100 g), and antioxidant activity (317.62 ± 44.70 mg/100 g for DPPH, 400.44 ± 25.87 mg/100 g for FRAP, 473.74 ± 37.17 μM/g for ORAC) of TS leaves were well preserved between 6 to 14 weeks of fermentation. These results indicated that fermentation may provide a new way to utilize TS resources, and the fermented mature leaves of TS could be a novel, valuable feed supplement, especially for ruminants. Screening and inoculating TS leaves with an appropriate starter culture, such as lactic acid bacteria inoculants, during fermentation is recommended to further improve TS feed quality. Keywords: Feed, Quality, Nitrate and nitrite, Flavonoid, Antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"34 4","pages":"862-874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/2024/04/04.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}