Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Exercise in personal protective equipment in a hot, humid environment does not affect risk propensity","authors":"Z. Schlader, J. Temple, D. Hostler","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2016.1148526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2016.1148526","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that heat stress created by light exertion in encapsulating personal protective equipment (PPE) in a hot, humid environment increases risk propensity. Ten healthy subjects (29 ± 7 y) completed 2 trials presented in a counter-balanced manner. Subjects donned encapsulating PPE, and in one trial they wore a tube-lined shirt underneath that was perfused with 5°C water. Subjects completed 2 15 min bouts of walking exercise on a treadmill at ˜50% maximal heart rate in a 32°C, 81% RH environment. Subjects completed the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), an objective measure of risk-taking, before, between the 2 exercise bouts, and following the final exercise bout. Personal cooling lowered (P < 0.01) mean skin temperature by 8.0 ± 1.6°C. Intestinal temperature rose (P < 0.01) in both trials, but was lower (P < 0.01) at the end of exercise in the cooling trial (38.0 ± 0.3°C vs. 37.6 ± 0.3°C). BART derived indices of risk propensity were not affected by trial or time (trial × time interaction: P ≥ 0.33). These data indicate that 60 min of exposure to mild heat stress created by light exertion in encapsulating PPE does not affect risk-taking behavior.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76963051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo effects of methamphetamine on brown fat reactive oxygen species and mitochondria","authors":"Nikki Bortell, Julia A. Najera, M. Sanchez-Alavez, M. C. Marcondes","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2015.1091874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2015.1091874","url":null,"abstract":"Methamphetamine (commonly known as Meth) is a highly addictive drug of abuse, which causes a potentially lethal increase in core body temperature, or hyperthermia. We have recently found that Meth-induced hyperthermia has a significant participation of the thermogenic brown adipose tissue,1 and can be prevented by a pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine.1 For this publication, we labeled reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vivo, by injecting C57Bl/6 mice with dihydroethidium; we then harvested and processed interscapular brown adipose tissue (for methods, see ref. 1). Reactive oxygen species were visualized in brown fat and found to be largely associated with mitochondria (Slide 1). In the slide, dihydroethidium-labeled superoxide is seen as red; the mitochondrial marker TOMM20 is seen as yellow; the cytoskeleton F-actin marker Phalloidin Alexa488 is seen as green; and the DNA marker DAPI is seen in blue. Meth depleted superoxide in brown-fat mitochondria, in correlation with the loss of TOMM20-labeled mitochondria. These changes were detectable in brown fat as early as 15 minutes after the injection of the drug, with a peak at 1 hour following injection, which is seen in Slide 1. The N-acetyl cysteine pretreatment prevented the loss of TOMM20 induced by Meth, but did not restore the Meth-depleted superoxide storages in mitochondria. Overall, this slide shows that Meth impacts the mitochondrial storages of superoxide, as well as mitochondrial integrity, in brown adipose tissue. The functional importance of these observations remains to be established and requires further studies.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84252374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memory of Helen Laburn and Claus Jessen","authors":"Andrea Fullér, C. Blatteis","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2015.1017090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2015.1017090","url":null,"abstract":"It is with great sadness that we report the passing of our dear colleagues: Professor Helen Laburn and Professor Claus Jessen. We will always remember them.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85637069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new app for physicians on environmental medicine","authors":"V. Lun","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2015.1009315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2015.1009315","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the “Medicine in Challenging Environments” app, published in 2014 by the Mayo Clinic, is stated as “. . . to provide practical, evidence-based multi-specialty knowledge . . .” for the primary care physician to provide guidance for their patients who engage in high adventure activities and to assist high adventurers in their planning for such activities. The app editors are 3 Mayo Clinic physicians: Dr. Jan Stepanek (internist and aerospace medicine), Dr. Robert Johnson (pediatrician) and Dr. Daniela Cocco (Mayo Clinic Aerospace Medicine and Vestibular Research Laboratory researcher). The content of the application is organized in 3 main sections with multiple chapters in each section: Environments, Specific Clinical Problems and Special Considerations. This “app” is essentially a book. Navigation through the app is similar to most book-type apps. The “Home” tab leads to an introduction and hypoxia, temperature and wind/pressure calculators. The “Chapters” tab leads to all the book chapters. Each chapter is broken down into subsections. Swiping up/down scrolls a single page and swiping left and right changes pages, sections and chapters. The app is searchable by keyword. The only interactive aspects of the app are the hypoxia, temperature and wind/ pressure calculators. The content of the “Environments” section focuses on the human physiology and medical/clinical considerations as related to exposure to extremes of environmental conditions including hyper/hypo-gravity, altitude, hydration, ionizing radiation, thermal, etc.. There is also a chapter on motor sports but there is no specific chapter or content dedicated to undersea/hyperbaric medicine. The content of the “Specific Clinical Problems” focuses on medical sub-specialty specific management of travel-related medical problems and is not really related directly to the “Environments” section of the app. Each chapter has “Clinical Vignette(s)” which describes a clinical case(s) that a clinician may encounter, which enhances the practical aspect of the app. The content of the “Special Considerations” section has chapters focusing on survival strategies. For the clinician without knowledge or previous experience in guiding patients who might be facing extreme environmental conditions, this app would be a very good basic reference. The editors do attempt to make the information practical by including clinical cases (“Clinical Vignettes”). However, the challenge with any clinical reference is that it is difficult to anticipate every clinical scenario that one may face and every chapter of book could be a book in and of themselves. Moreover, clinical practice can change very quickly, so the information needs to be updated frequently. The most useful section of the app, as it relates to the title of the app, is the “Environments” section. The “Hydration” and “Thermal” chapters of this section, written by Dr. Stephen Cheung of Brock University (Canada), and Dr. Christopher Tyler of Roeh","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85034084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unifying theory for the functional architecture of endothermic thermoregulation","authors":"A. Flouris","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.980138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.980138","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a unifying theory for the functional architecture of endothermic thermoregulation has been proven to be a challenging endeavor. Three papers published in this issue of Temperature take a closer look at this problem and add interesting views to our knowledge about the way that endothermic thermoregulation works.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90120046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clubbing with ecstasy","authors":"E. Kiyatkin, Suelynn Ren","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.980137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.980137","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue, Parrot and Young present the results of temperature measurements in young individuals “partying” with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy). This editorial commentary briefly summarizes the main findings of their study, provides background gained from previous animal experiments, and reviews the implications for the development of future pharmacotherapies and harm reduction strategies.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83447134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correctly identifying responses is critical for understanding homeostatic and allostatic regulation","authors":"D. Ramsay, K. Kaiyala, S. Woods","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.982048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.982048","url":null,"abstract":"Homeostasis stabilizes critical biological variables within appropriate limits via corrective regulatory effector responses that adequately counter disturbing effects. Identifying individual effects and responses, and distinguishing their individual influences on a regulated state, is challenging. Studying effector responses can reveal regulatory phenomena that depart from homeostasis into the realm of allostasis.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73701859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motion sickness, nausea and thermoregulation: The “toxic” hypothesis","authors":"E. Nalivaiko, J. Rudd, R. So","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.982047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.982047","url":null,"abstract":"Principal symptoms of motion sickness in humans include facial pallor, nausea and vomiting, and sweating. It is less known that motion sickness also affects thermoregulation, and the purpose of this review is to present and discuss existing data related to this subject. Hypothermia during seasickness was firstly noted nearly 150 years ago, but detailed studies of this phenomenon were conducted only during the last 2 decades. Motion sickness-induced hypothermia is philogenetically quite broadly expressed as besides humans, it has been reported in rats, musk shrews and mice. Evidence from human and animal experiments indicates that the physiological mechanisms responsible for the motion sickness-induced hypothermia include cutaneous vasodilation and sweating (leading to an increase of heat loss) and reduced thermogenesis. Together, these results suggest that motion sickness triggers highly coordinated physiological response aiming to reduce body temperature. Finally, we describe potential adaptive role of this response, and describe the benefits of using it as an objective measure of motion sickness-induced nausea.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76400076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue Barriers: Introducing an exciting new journal","authors":"A. Ivanov","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.978716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.978716","url":null,"abstract":"This Editorial is written to introduce Tissue Barriers, a new Taylor & Francis journal, to the readers of Temperature. It describes the role of temperature in the regulation of different tissue barriers under normal and disease conditions. It also highlights the most interesting articles published in the first volume of Tissue Barriers.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84078954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturday night fever in ecstasy/MDMA dance clubbers: Heightened body temperature and associated psychobiological changes","authors":"A. Parrott, L. Young","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.977182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.977182","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and rationale: to investigate body temperature and thermal self-ratings of Ecstasy/MDMA users at a Saturday night dance club. Methods: 68 dance clubbers (mean age 21.6 years, 30 females and 38 males), were assessed at a Saturday night dance club, then 2–3 d later. Three subgroups were compared: 32 current Ecstasy users who had taken Ecstasy/MDMA that evening, 10 abstinent Ecstasy/MDMA users on other psychoactive drugs, and 26 non-user controls (predominantly alcohol drinkers). In a comparatively quiet area of the dance club, each unpaid volunteer had their ear temperature recorded, and completed a questionnaire on thermal feelings and mood states. A similar questionnaire was repeated 2–3 d later by mobile telephone. Results: Ecstasy/MDMA users had a mean body temperature 1.2°C higher than non-user controls (P < 0.001), and felt significantly hotter and thirstier. The abstinent Ecstasy/MDMA polydrug user group had a mean body temperature intermediate between the other 2 groups, significantly higher than controls, and significantly lower than current Ecstasy/MDMA users. After 2–3 d of recovery, the Ecstasy/MDMA users remained significantly ‘thirstier’. Higher body temperature while clubbing was associated with greater Ecstasy/MDMA usage at the club, and younger age of first use. Higher temperature also correlated with lower elation and poor memory 2–3 d later. It also correlated positively with nicotine, and negatively with cannabis. Conclusions: Ecstasy/MDMA using dance clubbers had significantly higher body temperature than non-user controls. This heightened body temperature was associated with a number of adverse psychobiological consequences, including poor memory.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74639978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}