The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison and Development of A Rapid Extraction Methods of DNA from Ancient Human Skeletal Remains of Turkey","authors":"H. Vural, Ahmet Adil Tırpan","doi":"10.5580/1fa8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1fa8","url":null,"abstract":"The use of genetic technology in forensic science is applied primarily to distinguish between individials who may be the source of biological material associated with archeological remains. DNA sequences from ancient fossils have great potential for studies of phylogeny, biogeography and molecular evolution. DNA from fossils also facilitates the rigorous testing and calibration of mutation rates among related taxa, sex test and molecular divergence time. In this study, a rapid and quantitative aDNA extaction methods from human skeletal remains was developed for application of forensic science and archeometry. For that reason, DNA was extracted from ancient human bones from Mugla in Turkey. Extraction of DNA was carried out using the laboratuary handling and cleaning protocol. After cleaning of bone, small piece of ancient bones were ground to powder with a mixer mill. Aliquots of the powder were subjected to a calfication method and extracted with 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.3) for 48 hours at 56 ∞ C. After addition of proteinase K, solution of bone was incubated at 37 ∞ C. Genomic DNA from supernatant was extracted automatically by using EZ1 Automatic Nucleic Acid Isolation System (Qiagen, Germany) with investigator kit (Qiagen, Ilden, Germany) and different DNA extraction methods which are modified by researcher from ancient bones. EZ1 Nucleic acid isolation method; This tehnique is quite useful for high yield and quality of aDNA isolation from human skeletal remains. In this methods, no further purification was needed for molecular analysis. Amount and purity of extracted DNA from ancient bones were measured by Spectrophotometer. In addition to spectrophotometric measurement, extracted DNA was applied to 1 % agarose gel, stained and imaged under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. As a result, 50 ng pure DNA was extracted from ancient bones, approximately 1.8. This protocol proved to be advantageous because of its simplicity, quickness and affordable reagents, besides the high molecular weight DNA and purity achieved in a variety of fosil bone tissues from the total set obtained from Mugla in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"23 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89624346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anogenital distance in human male and female newborns: A look at a cross section of a Nigerian population.","authors":"C. Orish, B. Didia","doi":"10.5580/a28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/a28","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted among the newborn children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and Braithwaite Memorial Hospital all in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study included 139 newborn infants (80 males and 59 females), born at term, with no congenital defects. Birth weight, length, and anogenital distance AGD, were made with tape by two independent observers. Distance was measured from the center of the anus to the posterior convergence of the fourchette in females; and from the center of the anus to the junction of the smooth perineal skin with the rugated skin of the scrotum in males. Student‘s T-test and analysis of variance were used to compare male-female measurements using Graph Pad Prism 3.0. The AGD in males and females were 3.02 ± 0.14 and 2.58 ± 0.11 cm respectively. There was significant difference between the AGD values in male and female babies in a Nigerian population.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85865492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haptoglobin polymorphism among three populations of Manipur, India: a critical analysis","authors":"M. Asghar, N. Achoubi, S. Y. Meitei, K. Meitei, B. Murry, M. Sachdeva, K. Saraswathy","doi":"10.5580/71c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/71c","url":null,"abstract":"Haptogloin is a plasma protein that binds free hemoglobin, thereby inhibiting hemoglobin induced oxidative damage. The distribution of haptoglobin alleles varies according to the geographical location and ethnicity. The present study is carried out to study the frequency distribution of haptoglobin in three endogamous populations of Manipur, India. Serum was separated from blood samples collected from 335 Muslims, 262 Meitei Brahmins and 121 Kabuis. HP*2 is found to be highest among Kabuis (0.924) followed by Muslims (0.918) and Meitei Brahmins (0.836). Muslims are found to deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.006). Comparison between the populations show a significant difference between Muslims and Meitei Brahmins (p=0.00) and Meitei Brahmins and Kabuis (p=0.005). The frequency of HP*2 is also found to have increased significantly in comparison to earlier reported data, supporting the hypothesis that haptoglobin polymorphism is still in transient form.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78986759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Hand Grip Strength and its Association with some Anthropometric traits in Cricketers of Amritsar, Punjab, India","authors":"S. Koley, M. Yadav, J. Sandhu","doi":"10.5580/18de","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/18de","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is based on the association of left and right hand grip strength with eight anthropometric traits, viz. height, weight, body mass index, hand length, hand breadth, upper arm length, forearm length and total arm length in 100 male cricketers aged 17 – 21 years (mean age 18.29 ± 2.21 years ) of Amritsar, Punjab, India. A total of 100 controls were also taken for comparisons. The findings of the present study indicate a strong association of right hand grip strength with height (r =0.383), weight (r=0.498), body mass index (r=0.401), hand length (r=0.444), hand breadth (r=0.326) and forearm length (r=0.215). Whereas left hand grip strength was reported to be closely associated with height (r=0.355), weight (r=0.472), body mass index (r=0.374), hand length (r=0.320) and hand breadth (r=0.330).","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77147799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the quality of The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","authors":"K. Krishan","doi":"10.5580/1f7a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1f7a","url":null,"abstract":"I am happy to announce to members of editorial board of The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology, contributing authors, and to all our readers that in early 2009, The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology was selected for indexing and inclusion in SCOPUS the largest abstract and citation database of quality peer-reviewed research literature in scientific, medical, Engineering and social sciences fields. According to the letter sent by Scopus, this was in recognition of the high quality and relevance to the scientific community of the journal. Ever since the establishment of the journal in June 20071, we have been interesting in having our journal indexed in Scopus and have made every effort to make the journal an international publication of quality. In the later part of 2008, The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology was evaluated by board of technical review committee for its quality, originality and importance in the field of Anthropology, and was adjudged to be worthy of inclusion. This will definitely lead to an increase in the number of submissions to the journal and also to an increase in the number of citations of the articles from the journal cited by authors in other publications. We believe that this indexing will serve as means for the further development of the journal receiving the kind of articles that stimulate and gratify the new developments in the field of biological anthropology. I, along with the editorial board of the journal, would like to express sincere gratitude to our publisher Internet Scientific Publications for their support throughout. The availability of the full text on the website to all our readers is an added benefit for the growth of the journal and was helpful in obtaining the results we wanted. As you already know that inclusion in abstract & indexing (A&I) databases increases the visibility and awareness of full-text journals. The A&I databases will drive usage and traffic to the full-text platforms with sophisticated linking technologies, increasing journal brand awareness and subscription sales. Indexing in Scopus and Elsevier Bibliographic databases will enable readers to search and retrieve all articles from past and current issues. While the full content of articles has always been immediately available online to readers worldwide at http://www.ispub.com at no charge, the Scopus will make titles, abstracts and references available to people conducting searches for academics, research and development. Every journal editor attempts to ensure what is best for the journal for its survival and its well being such that not only do the number of readers increase but so that quality of the articles published is also enhanced. It is with this in mind since the last two years23 when the journal came into existence, many attempts have been made to improve the quality of the journal. We, of course, welcome our readers to contribute to this effort by giving in their views. One result of these end","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85750181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism In Foot Dimensions Among Adult Nigerians","authors":"I. Bob-Manuel, B. Didia","doi":"10.5580/2e5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2e5","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aim at quantitatively analysing physical difference that exist in foot dimensions in males and in females and within both sexes thus providing normal value for foot length and foot breadth for the design and construction of a comfortable foot support in our population. Sexual dimorphism in foot dimension exists within and across both sexes. These gender differences in foot dimension may not be known until they are quantified, as they appear symmetrical at first sight. The foot length and breadth of 477 (249 males and 28 females) individuals were measured directly using the sliding calliper. Their age ranged between 18yrs and above. The mean values for the right foot length of males and females were 26.92 ± 1.02 and 25.00 ± 1.33 respectively. The mean value for the right foot breadth of males and females were 9.87 ± 0.53 and 9.14 ± 0.58 respectively. The mean values for the left foot length of males and females were 26.92 ± 0.13 and 24.75 ± 0.17 respectively. The mean value for the right foot breadth of males and females were 9.75 ± 0.07and 8.92 ± 0.08 respectively. Males had significantly higher values of foot length and foot breadth than females, p < 0.001. Males have longer and broader feet than females for a given age. Female feet are not simply scaled – down versions of male feet. Males and females feet in our population had higher mean foot length than that of Caucasians, which is an adaptation to tropical climate. These findings are useful to shoe design and selection of shoe sizes and to forensic anthropometry.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85661107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of gender bias on health and nutrition of the tribal women in relation to dynamics of development in India.","authors":"R. Balgir","doi":"10.5580/15ab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/15ab","url":null,"abstract":"Tribal communities in India are economically and socially backward and mostly live in forests and hilly terrains isolated from the other elite communities. They have their own way of living and different socio-cultural and eco-geographical settings. Lack of proper education and health facilities, faulty feeding habits, certain irrational belief systems and special tribal chores are likely to aggravate their health and nutritional status. Tribal women, in general, enjoy better status in the society than the general caste people because they exercise decisive role in the family (mother work), society (social work) and economy (other work) in India. However, the ideological devaluation of women’s contribution and reorientation of gender and sex have brought about concomitant drastic changes in the status of women and their empowerment in different dimensions of deprivation and exploitation, and imposed restrictions on daily folk-chores of life. In few communities, a definite decline has been observed threatening their very existence. This decline may not be due to low level of fertility but rather high level of mortality and illogical health practices. The success of dynamic tribal development is dependent on various factors like improved literacy rate, sustainable socio-economic status, women’s empowerment, better health care and other human resource indicators. It is much desirable to make reproductive health care accessible and affordable, extending basic amenities, empowering women and enhancing their employment opportunities, and providing the transport and communication facilities.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82722213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences And Relationship Between Blood Pressure And Age Among The Ibos Of Nigeria","authors":"E. Jervase, D. Barnabas, A. Emeka, N. Osondu","doi":"10.5580/2cc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2cc","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have established relationship between age and blood pressure (BP). The present study was carried out to establish normal BP values for the various age categories of both sexes and also to examine sex differences in BP within the various age groups of the Ibos. A random sampling of 563 Ibos of Nigeria aged 20 to 89 years, mean age 33.61 ± 13.61 were used for this study. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured following standard protocol. The mean SBP and DBP of the study population was 119.63 ± 23.24 and 79.78 ± 12.80 respectively. When divided into seven age groups the analyses showed that both SBP and DBP increased with age. The lowest SBP was recorded in age 20 – 29 years in both sexes. The same was applicable for DBP. Generally men exhibited relatively high level of BP values, except for age groups 50 – 59 years and 60 – 69 years (SBP) where the mean BPs was slightly higher in the females. A significant difference was noted between DBP of males and females (p < 0.05) but none in the SBP. There was significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) of both SBP and DBP with age (r = 0.477 and 0.331 respectively). Our result is consistent with the findings that BP increases with age, with significant difference between males and females.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76476603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency Of Agenesis Of The Palmaris Longus Muscle In Nigerians","authors":"S. Gabriel, C. Blessing, A.A.Henry Ugboma","doi":"10.5580/cdc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/cdc","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to document the percentages of palmaris longus muscle amongst Nigeria for anthropological purposes.Three thousand (3,000) Nigerian subjects comprising 6000 extremities out of which 1932 (3864 extremities) were males and 1068 (2136 extremities) were females were inspected for the frequency of agenesis (absence) of the palmaris longus muscles. The presence or absence of palmaris longus was determined by physical examination of the palmaris longus tendon at the wrists of both hands. The muscle was made visible by opposing the thumb on the little finger and slightly flexing the wrist joint (in vivo examination). The frequency of agenesis of this muscle based on sex, side of the body and the overall incidence were determined. From the study, the muscle was found to be absent in 0.16% of the males on the right side and 0.19% of the females on the right side. On the left side, it was absent in 0.21% of males and 0.09% of females. On the average, percentage of agenesis was 0.18% in males and 0.14% in females. Thus the percentage was higher in males than females. The overall percentage of agenesis in Nigerians was 0.17%. This percentage is much lower than other populations. Bilateral absence was found in one male subject. There was no case of bilateral agenesis in females. The result is also reliable for anthropological studies involving Nigerians .It could be a useful guide to clinicians who may want to localize the median nerve amongst Nigerians.The tendon can still be counted on by surgeons treating Nigerian patients for use as a donor tendon, which will be present in a vast majority of Nigerian patients.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90133303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Ancestral Background from the Skull: Case Studies from Greece","authors":"K. Moraitis, C. Eliopoulos, C. Spiliopoulou, S. Manolis","doi":"10.5580/12d5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/12d5","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of ancestral background from human remains is an important aspect in biological and forensic anthropology. In the human skeleton, craniofacial morphology is considered the most reliable indicator of ancestral phenotype. In addition to craniofacial traits, anthropometric measurements may be employed in the assessment of ancestry. According to these, skeletal remains can be attributed to one of three population groups: Caucasoid, Negroid and Mongoloid. In this study the authors present examples of these population groups that they have encountered while working with human remains in Greece. The examples presented came from a forensic context and a human skeletal collection.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83551555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}