Comparison and Development of A Rapid Extraction Methods of DNA from Ancient Human Skeletal Remains of Turkey

The use of genetic technology in forensic science is applied primarily to distinguish between individials who may be the source of biological material associated with archeological remains. DNA sequences from ancient fossils have great potential for studies of phylogeny, biogeography and molecular evolution. DNA from fossils also facilitates the rigorous testing and calibration of mutation rates among related taxa, sex test and molecular divergence time. In this study, a rapid and quantitative aDNA extaction methods from human skeletal remains was developed for application of forensic science and archeometry. For that reason, DNA was extracted from ancient human bones from Mugla in Turkey. Extraction of DNA was carried out using the laboratuary handling and cleaning protocol. After cleaning of bone, small piece of ancient bones were ground to powder with a mixer mill. Aliquots of the powder were subjected to a calfication method and extracted with 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.3) for 48 hours at 56 ∞ C. After addition of proteinase K, solution of bone was incubated at 37 ∞ C. Genomic DNA from supernatant was extracted automatically by using EZ1 Automatic Nucleic Acid Isolation System (Qiagen, Germany) with investigator kit (Qiagen, Ilden, Germany) and different DNA extraction methods which are modified by researcher from ancient bones. EZ1 Nucleic acid isolation method; This tehnique is quite useful for high yield and quality of aDNA isolation from human skeletal remains. In this methods, no further purification was needed for molecular analysis. Amount and purity of extracted DNA from ancient bones were measured by Spectrophotometer. In addition to spectrophotometric measurement, extracted DNA was applied to 1 % agarose gel, stained and imaged under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. As a result, 50 ng pure DNA was extracted from ancient bones, approximately 1.8. This protocol proved to be advantageous because of its simplicity, quickness and affordable reagents, besides the high molecular weight DNA and purity achieved in a variety of fosil bone tissues from the total set obtained from Mugla in Turkey.