The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents最新文献

{"title":"Identification of the first bacteriocin isolated in Lebanon extracted via a modified adsorption-desorption method and its potential food application","authors":"I. Kassaa, Mazen Zaylaa, S. Hussein, K. E. Omari, N. Chihib, M. Hamzé, Hoda Yusef, F. Dabboussi","doi":"10.3823/817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/817","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The raw goat milk is considered as a good source of novel bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. \u0000Method: The bacteriocin, which named enterocin CMUL20-2 was secreted by Enterococcus faecium CMUL20-2. This bacterial strain was originally isolated from raw goat’s milk, was extracted by using a modified adsorption-desorption method and purified via RP-HPLC. antimicrobial activity was tested against several pathogenic and spoilage microbes. \u0000Results: The enterocin CMUL20-2 showed a strong adsorption on cell wall of producer strain even in acidic environment which facilitate its extraction in only two simple steps. The recovered purified enterocin has decreased procedure time and diminished the number of undesirable molecules present in Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. The recovered enterocin showed antimicrobial activity against several foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microbes. \u0000Conclusion:  The recovered enterocin was able to tolerate a variety of food chain conditions such as high temperature, pH and storage stability, and it can be a good candidate to protect food from spoilage microbes","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90635506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics: Past, Present and Future Challenges","authors":"Baraa M. AL-Taha, J. Wadi, A. Shehabi","doi":"10.3823/816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/816","url":null,"abstract":"The term probiotic (prolife) is utilized to describe useful living microorganisms, intended to colonize the large bowel, when consumed in adequate amounts, they confer physiological health benefits to the host. In the last decade, probiotics have been widely used as a nutritional supplement and became a rapidly developing research topic that gained importance in medicine. Recent clinical trials have found that consumption of beneficial bacterial species can manipulate gut flora and reduce or prevent the development of certain serious diseases. This brief review article is intended to discuss the status of research on probiotics, and the value of their consumption in human health.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85566520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Psuedomonas Keratitis: a review article","authors":"Mouna M. AlSaad","doi":"10.3823/813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/813","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial keratitis can lead to severe vision loss and corneal scarring, and possibly perforation. Early and appropriate management is a key factor in decreasing and preventing complication. Pubmed and Medline were searched for articles related to Pseudomonas keratitis between year 2000 and 2017 to get current guidelines about the management of Pseudomonas keratitis. These articles are reviewed in this article and information related to management is summarized. The most used agents to treat Pseudomonas are either aminoglycosides (usually gentamicin) fortified with a cephalosporin or mono therapy with a fluoroquinolones usually ciprofloxacin. In most areas, most strains of Pseudomonas were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The role of topical steroids is discussed, as well as, available options for treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas species. Management of Psuedomonas keratitis: A review article Mouna Mohamad Al Saad1 1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of special surgery/Division Ophthalmology. The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Contact information: Dr. Mouna Mohamad Al Saad.  m.alsaad@ju.edu.jo.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86459659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactivity of pyocyanin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates against a variety of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi species","authors":"Z. J. Jameel, A. Hussain, Muthana Abdulkhader Al-Mahdawi, Nuha F. Abed Alkerim, Eman Sabah Abd Alrahman","doi":"10.3823/0812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/0812","url":null,"abstract":"Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The present study investigated the bioactivity of pyocyanin against certain types of bacteria and fungi causing human infections \u0000Objectives: Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The current study deals with biosynthesis, purification and bioactivity of pyocyanin produced by P. aeruginosa. \u0000Design: Pyocyanin extraction was done by chloroform method and concentration was determined by multiplying the optical density at 520 nm by 17.072 expressed as µg/ml. Biological activity of pyocyanin was determined by well diffusion procedure. \u0000Results: According to the source of infection, results showed that P. aeruginosa were most common in ear infection (30%) followed by wounds (22%), burns (17%), urine (13%) and each in stool and diabetes (9%). In this study the high resistance of  P. aeruginosa  isolates to antibiotics were 19 (82.6 %) to piperacillin followed by 10(43.5%) to aztreonem, 8(34.8%) to meropenem, 6(26.1%) to amikacin, 5(21.7%) to ciprofloxacin then 2(8.7%) to cefotaxime. the urine isolate produced the largest amount of pyocyanin (15.894 µg/ml). pyaocyanin have antimicrobial activity against Pathogenic bacteria: Shigella,  Staphyllococcus aureus and  Staphyllococcus epidermedis. and pathogenic fungi and yeast: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp, Trichophyton  mentagrophyte, Rhodotorula spp., Alternaria alternate , Trichophyton rubrum and Candida spp \u0000Conclusions: cefotaxime is the best antibiotic for P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activity of pyocyanin against gram positive more than gram negative bacteria but less than that observed against fungi (molds and yeast).","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83247432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance profiles and biofilm formation of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine","authors":"N. A. Laham, E. A. Elkhair, A. Bashir, Nahed Abdelateef","doi":"10.3823/814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/814","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent one of the major resistant nosocomial pathogens where its biofilmrelated infections often fail to respond to antibiotic chemotherapy. Here, we studied the resistance profiles and biofilm formation in CoNS isolates from clinical specimens at Al Shifa hospital in Gaza, Palestine. Methods: This study was carried out from March to July 2013 and included 81 clinical isolates. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using VITEK-2 system. The presence of nuc and mecA genes was performed using multiplex PCR. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm assays were performed using standard methods. Results: Of the 81 clinical CoNS isolates, S. haemolyticus was the most common species (34, 42%), followed by S. epidermidis (26, 32.1%) and S. saprophyticus (13, 16%). The majority of isolates (83.9%) were from surgery, ICUs, pediatrics and medicine wards and the most common source was pus (28, 34.6%). Antibiotic resistance was highest against aminoglycosides, β-lactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin and macrolides. Though, no resistance was detected against rifampicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and mupirocin. The antibiotic resistance among MR-CoNS was significantly higher than that among MS-CoNS. Nearly 88.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant with higher percentage among MRCoNS. Most S. epidermidis (76.9%) isolates were biofilm producer, with statistically significant association between methicillin resistance and biofilm production. Resistance profiles and biofilm formation of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine Nahed A. Al Laham1, Emad Abou Elkhair2, Abdallah Bashir2, Nahed Abdelateef3 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. 3 The Central Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Gaza Strip, Palestine. Contact information: Dr. Nahed A. Al Laham. Address: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Azhar University-Gaza, P. O. Box 1277, Gaza Strip, Palestine.  nahedallaham@gmail.com The InTernaTIonal arabIc Journal of anTImIcrobIal agenTs ISSN: 2174-9094 2017 Vol. 7 No. 3:4 doi: 10.3823/814 This article is available at: www.iajaa.org / www.medbrary.com 2 Introduction Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are now representing one of the major nosocomial pathogens and among the most frequently isolated bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratories [1-5]. They are responsible for bacteremia, endocarditis, mediastinitis, meningitis and progressive joint destruction mainly in patients with neutropenia, indwelling foreign devices, intravascular catheters or other foreign bodies [1, 3, 4]. The clinical most relevant CoNS are Staphylococcus epidermidis, S.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90681651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased colistin resistance of Acinetobacter species in intensive care unit-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Sanem Karadag Gecgel, C. Demir","doi":"10.3823/815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/815","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates among pathogen microorganisms especially colistin resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and to determine infection-specific correct treatment strategies. Methods: The data of adult and newborn infant patients diagnosed with ICU-acquired infection in a tertiary education and research hospital in Bursa in 2014 and 2016 were analyzed, retrospectively. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent pathogen of ICU-acquired infections in 2014 and 2016. There was a significant increase in colistin (CO) resistance rates in A. baumanii (0.0%-6.8%). A significant increase in CO, cefepime (FEP), ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance rates was established in all gram negative bacteria (0.0%-7.9%, 50.0%-91.9%, 54.7%-74.6%), respectively. A significant increase in the rate of detection of A. baumanii as the pathogen microorganism in respiratory tract infection (RTI) was established (53.9% -79.5%). In addition, the average ventilator-associated pneumonia (VIP) infection rate also increased in 2016 compared to 2014 (VIP rate 2014: 7.12, 2016: 7.45, per 1000 ventilator days). A significant decrease in the rate of detection of all gram negative microorganisms in the surgical site infection (SSI), and a significant increase in the rate of detection of all gram positive microorganisms in the SSI was determined. Conclusion: Increased antimicrobial resistance, especially increased colistin resistance rates in ICU-acquired infections, necessitates the creation of new strategies in empirical therapy. Detection of antimicrobial resistance profiles of local and infectious pathogen microorganisms in ICUs is a good guide for correct antimicrobial management. Increased colistin resistance of Acinetobacter species in intensive care unit-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital Sanem Karadag Gecgel1, Canan Demir2 1 Departments of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology. 2 Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Contact information: Dr. Sanem Karadag Gecgel. Address: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, 152 Evler, Prof. Tezok Cd. No:2, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey. Tel: 0-224-3605050.  sanemkaradag@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83068489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in people living with HIV in Tunisia","authors":"I. Kooli, M. Ajroudi, A. Aouam, H. B. Brahim, A. Toumi, C. Loussaief, M. Chakroun","doi":"10.3823/811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/811","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). TDF is generally well tolerated. It is eliminated by the combination of glomerular filtration and active renal tubular secretion. Thus, it can be responsible, in the medium and long term, of renal toxicity. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of TDF nephrotoxicity and its factors risk in PLHIV treated in the Infectious Diseases Department at the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia.. \u0000Methods: An observational cross-sectional single-centre prospective study included 62 cases of HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing TDF was conducted between 1st August 2016 and 31 December 2016 at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, in Tunisia. During this period, patients were screened for renal dysfunction to detect renal toxicity, Tubular dysfunction or Fanconi syndrome. \u0000Results: 62 patients were included with female/male ratio at 1,52. The mean age was 39 years ± 8,5 years. Half of the patients were treated with TDF as first-line therapy. The average duration of TDF was 25 months, the duration was greater than 12 months in 40 (65%) patients. There was a decrease in creatinine clearance in 21 (33.8%) patients, the average of the decrease was 128,6 ±35,8 ml/min Proximal tubulopathy was noted in 1 patient (1.6%) and no patient had Fanconi syndrome. \u0000 No risk factors for renal impairment under TDF were found. This finding could be explained by the small sample size \u0000Conclusion: TDF-related renal toxicity is often asymptomatic, it require early detection. In ours patient cases, TD is rare, but creatinine clearance decrease is frequent and may inform of possible TD in these patient. In order to reduce TDFtoxicity, a new pro-drug, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), is now available.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87111319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High incidence of multidrug-resistant fecal E. coli producing ESBLs and carried ST131 in Jordanian adults","authors":"Reham Muin Abu Sneineh, A. Mahafzah, Nayef Abdallat, A. Shehabi","doi":"10.3823/0810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/0810","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Escherichia coli  is part of the human intestine normal flora, although it has the potential of causing variety of invasive and diarrheal diseases. It is also a frequent cause of community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. Intestinal E. coli has the potential to develop rapidly multidrug resistant (MDR) and to emerge as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producer.    \u0000Methods: Over the period of July through November, 2015; 287 stool samples were collected from Jordanian adults who visited the students’ clinic of the University of Jordan. Fecal samples were collected and cultured for isolation of E. coli. The isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection genes of ST131 clone, blaCTX-M group I, blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaKPC and fluoroquinolones resistance (gyrA and parC). \u0000Results: A total of 105/287 E. coli isolates (36.6%) were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) to at least 3 classes of antibiotics, of these 45.1% were ESBL-producers. A total of 51 representative MDR isolates indicated the following; 49% were found positive for ST131 clone, 58.8% were resistant for ciprofloxacin, and 41.2% were positive for CTX-M group I and CTX-M-15, respectively. All these MDR isolates were also positive for mutated both gyrA and ParC genes, and only 6 / 51 isolates (11.8%) were positive for each blaNDM-1 and blaKPC.  One out of 51 MDR isolates (2%) was positive for blaVIM, and none of these isolates was positive for blaIMP nor blaOXA-48 genes. \u0000Conclusion: This study indicated that a relatively high rates of commensal fecal E. coli isolates from Jordanian adults were MDR, ESBLs-producer and belonging to ST131 clone.  Also, high rates of CTX-M-15 and fluoroquinolones resistance were found among MDR E. coli isolates.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73015222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance rates among bacterial isolates from infected patients of intensive care unit over the period (2011-2016) in Bursa, Turkey","authors":"Sanem Karadag Gecgel, Necmiye Demircan","doi":"10.3823/0809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/0809","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological data for effective infection control and specific antimicrobial stewardship, and to report the epidemiology of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and the local antimicrobial resistance of pathogens Methods: Data were collected between January 2011 and October 2016 from the cardiology and cardiovascular surgery patients. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility analyses of clinical pathogenic isolates were determined by the automatic device system. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected increasingly and significantly (p=0.048) resistant to imipenem (IMP). Acinetobacter baumanii was found increasingly and significantly (p=0.045, p=0.030, p=0.006, p=0.027) resistant to amikacin (AN), gentamicin (GN), trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT) and tetracycline (TE), respectively. There was a significantly decrease in the resistant rates of IMP, piperacillin-tazobactam (TPZ), meropenem (MEM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) for Pseudomonas spp. (p=0.048). All gram-negative bacteria isolates showed significantly increasing resistance rates to cefepime (CEP) (p=0.015). Also, all gram-positive bacteria demonstrated significantly decreasing resistance rates to teicoplanin (TEC) (p=0.034). Conclusion: This study suggets that inadequacy of infection control measures such as hand hygiene and patient isolation may have contributed to increasing the rates of carbapenem-resistant K. pnemoniae (CR-KP) isolates in recent years. Antibiotic resistance rates among bacterial isolates from infected patients of intensive care unit over the period (2011-2016) in Bursa, Turkey Sanem Karadag Gecgel1, Necmiye Demircan2 1 Departments of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. 2 Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Contact information: Sanem Karadag Gecgel.  sanemkaradag@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73497373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in a Tertiary Care Center in Bahrain (2010-2014)","authors":"Jameela AlSalaman, Khadija M Alshehabi, S. Salah, F. Ahmed, H. Khudhair, Sajeda Sabt, Hussain Redha, Muneer Mahdi, Ali Madan, Noor AlBalooshi, H. Kamal","doi":"10.3823/0808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/0808","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To describe the epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease during a 5-year period in a major hospital in Bahrain. \u0000  \u0000Design and Setting: \u0000Retrospective study of cases of pneumococcal diseases among patient ≥ 14 years old during a five-year period (2010-2014), who attended Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain. \u0000  \u0000Patients and Methods: \u0000Laboratory data was obtained on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Patients ≥14 years old of age, both inpatient and outpatient with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were included. Only samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, sputum, deep tracheal aspirate (DTA), bronchial wash, eye discharge and middle ear fluid were included. Demographics and clinical records from medical files were then reviewed. \u0000  \u0000Results: \u0000A total of 130 culture samples met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. One-hundred twenty-six patients with pneumococcal disease were identified; with 65% being non-invasive and 35% being invasive pneumococcal disease. Overall, non-bacteremic Pneumonia was the most frequent manifestation, followed by bacteremia. Pneumococcal disease was more common among male patients (62.7%). Mean age was 57.67 (15-95 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus followed by cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven patients received mechanical ventilation during their admission, 13 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 6 patients developed para-pneumonic effusion as a complication. In-hospital Mortality rate was 13.5%.   \u0000  \u0000Conclusion:  \u0000This study supports the current literature where pneumococcal infection is more prevalent in elderly and those with comorbidities. Mortality was related to age, certain chronic medical illness, admission to intensive care unit and need for mechanical ventilation.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80976921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}