{"title":"Establishment of the Intra-Regional Monetary Union","authors":"E. Yamashita","doi":"10.5652/KOKUSAIKEIZAI.2007.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/KOKUSAIKEIZAI.2007.18","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of East Asian regional integration lies in economics.It comes particularly from three important lessons, namely (1) the experience of the European Monetary System (EMS), (2) the Asian crisis in 1997, (3) “the lost decade or so of the Japanese economy” commencing on the beginning of the 1990s.Europe has been able to isolate the adverse effects of the dollar's large swings and volatility, by establishing the common intra-regional monetary systemwith a fixed exchange rate regime of the EC Snake from April 1972 and its successor, the EMS from March 1979.On the other hand, Japan and Asia have been tossed about by the dollar's largeswings and volatility, because Asia did not have any intra-regional monetary framework.Therefore, it is imperative for Japan and Asia to establish an intra-regional monetary system in an attempt to minimize the adverse effects of the dollar's persistent instability.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"60 1","pages":"18-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91164566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade Liberalization and Technology Transfer through an Intermediate Product","authors":"Jota Ishikawa","doi":"10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2007.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2007.3","url":null,"abstract":"Horiuchi and Ishikawa (2007) examine the relationship between tariffs on the final good and international technology transfer through trade in an intermediate good. They show that a decrease in the tariff as well as an increase may lead the North monopolist to transfer technology to a South potential entrant. This paper shows that tariff-reductions may induce technology transfer even if technologytransfer competition among multiple North firms is taken into account.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"13 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87264034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does FDI Have Impacts on the Labor Productivity of Vietnamese Domestic Firms","authors":"L. T. Thuy","doi":"10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2007.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2007.35","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign direct investment has been considered a very important factor in the growth of recent Vietnam's economy and so far it has drawn a lot of concerns of economic researches in Vietnam. However, studies on the impacts of foreign direct investment on Vietnam's economy, especially the technological spillovers, are scarce compared with other developing countries. This study makes an attempt to figure out the main channels and estimate the degree of spillover effects in Vietnam using industry level data for 1995-1999 and 2000-2002 periods. The linkage between foreign investors and domestic private sectors is found to play an important role for technological spillovers from FDI in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"48 1","pages":"35-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88685478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"アジア企業の海外投資―タイのCPグループ, 中国華源集団を事例として","authors":"茂樹 東","doi":"10.5652/KOKUSAIKEIZAI.2006.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/KOKUSAIKEIZAI.2006.28","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to examine economic relations between China and Thailand, focusing on the overseas activities of Chinese and Thai enterprises and analyze the influence of ongoing free trade agreement.The main findings are as follows: (1) In China, Thai business groups expanded and diversified their investment, but recently they have faced severe competition by Chinese private companies.They undertook reorganization of their projects to upgrade their competitiveness.(2) In Thailand, Chinese investment has moved into high gear. The activities have shifted from export-oriented to domestic-oriented.(3) FTA will contribute to further deepening of their economic relations.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"247 1","pages":"28-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74292660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Note on the Optimal Unemployment Allowance in the Harris-Todaro Model with Trade Unions","authors":"M. Saito","doi":"10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2006.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2006.53","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we take an unemployment allowance into account in the Harris-Todaro model with an endogenous urban wage determined by a negotiation between a trade union and a firm. In the standard Harris-Todaro model, no unemployment allowance can yield a first-best optimum. However, we show in our model that a first-best competitive allocation of resources can be attained by the appropriate al lowance.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"69 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74545899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade Liberalization and Politics of Tariff Reductions","authors":"Kozo Harimaya, Koichi Kagitani","doi":"10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2006.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2006.35","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of politics on the implementation of trade liberalization. We present a simple model to show the relationship between political economy factors and the determination of tariff cut rates in a trade liberalization process, and empirically examine whether the political economy factors played a key role in the Uruguay Round agricultural tariff reductions in Japan. Our empirical analysis shows that the farmers who could bring stronger political pressure to politicians resisted the tariff reductions more successfully and received greater protection than those who could not.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"9 1","pages":"35-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80052360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Has Asian FDI Model Emerged","authors":"F. Yoshino","doi":"10.5652/KOKUSAIKEIZAI.2006.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/KOKUSAIKEIZAI.2006.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I examined the trend of foreign direct investment among Asian economies.For the present, the clear model that characterized Asian FDI is not specified, though some characteristics are observed.Firstly, Chinese investment toward the world shows‘compressed’pattern that simultaneously proceeds from resource-oriented investment to technology seeking investment. Secondly, NIES investment is divided into two categories.One is mutual penetration between China, and the other follows Japanese investment pattern. Thirdly, ASEAN4, i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, retreated as investors after Asian economic crisis.Two facts are needed further investigation; Asian investors' utilization of tax havens such as Caribbean territories and flourishing M&A among Asian multinational firms.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"24 1","pages":"5-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91214663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The U.S. Current Account Deficit and the Dollar: Another Implication of an Incomplete Pass-Through","authors":"Shingo Iokibe","doi":"10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2006.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2006.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the possibility of the collapse of the nominal dollar accompanying the U.S.external adjustment. Based on a sticky-price dynamic general equilibrium two-country model, we show that due to the recent decline in the exchange rate pass-through to import prices, the dollar need not depreciate to a large extent. Only when the intratemporal substitutability between U.S. and foreign goods is sufficiently larger than unity and the intertemporal substitutability of consumption is sufficiently near unity, will a sharp depreciation occur with a shrinking of the U.S. external deficit. However, when the intratemporal substitutability is only slightly larger than unity and the intertemporal substitutability is sufficiently near zero, the U.S. external adjustment can occur with a moderate depreciation of the nominal dollar. Both the existing empirical results about these parameters and the recent movements of the U.S. current account and the dollar suggest that we cannot reject the latter scenario.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"272 1","pages":"15-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76422336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Alternative Arrangements of Exchange Rate Regimes","authors":"T. Nishi","doi":"10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2006.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.2006.3","url":null,"abstract":"The desirable exchange rate regime for a country might depend on the regimes of the other countries. Taking this point into consideration, this paper shows the conditions for relative superiority of the alternative exchange rate arrangements using a quasi three countries model of Mundell-Fleming type. These conditons include the new one for optimum currency areas. The compared alternatives consist of such arrangements as independent floats, solitary pegs, common pegs, and common floats. As the criterion of comparison, this paper adopts the analysis of Poole (1970) which has measured the variability of GNP in response to both real and monetary shocks.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"9 1","pages":"3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89181694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospects for the WTO system and FTAS","authors":"Keiichi Umada","doi":"10.5652/KOKUSAIKEIZAI.2006.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/KOKUSAIKEIZAI.2006.149","url":null,"abstract":"The Doha Round of multilateral trade talks under the WTO is faltering badly. A confrontation between developed and developing countries is bogging down efforts to push negotiations forward. Tired of difficult progress in the multilateral trade negotiations, industrialized countries are now tending to push bilateral and regional free trade agreements(FTA). Direct effect of FTA on the WTO system is important. The problem concerning FTA is whether FTAs are building blocks or stumbling blocks to global free trade. Using FTA may be an effective strategy, but it is also risky.It is thus important to reinforce the WTO system whose job is to promote multilateral trade liberalization at a time FTAs are becoming common. If the WTO system loses effect, world trade will shrink, hurting the industrial countries. The major trading countries must play a constructive leadership role to prevent a collapse. What should Japan do to foster a new round? Japan must make a bigger offer, such as opening its agricultural markets much wider to imports. Real answer is domestic agricultural reform.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"160 1","pages":"149-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89096553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}