British Journal of Development Psychology最新文献_第2页

The Decontextualization of Form and Function in the Development of Pretence. 伪装发展过程中形式与功能的脱语境化。

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151006X153154

Sally Bigham, Alison J. Bourchier-Sutton

{"title":"The Decontextualization of Form and Function in the Development of Pretence.","authors":"Sally Bigham, Alison J. Bourchier-Sutton","doi":"10.1348/026151006X153154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1348/026151006X153154","url":null,"abstract":"Through the process of decontextualization, the behaviours and objects used in children's pretence become increasingly detached from their real-life contexts and uses (Flavell, 1985). However, whilst age-related changes in children's pretence have been reasonably well documented, the relationship between the decontextualization of form and function has yet to be established and the relationship between pretence using substitute objects and pretence without substitute objects remains unclear. To address these issues, 3-8-year-old typically developing children (N = 84) were shown a series of pretend actions, like writing, enacted at various levels of decontextualization. Children's understanding of each action was assessed. The results revealed three main findings. First, form and function are both equally important in children's comprehension of object substitution pretence. Second, children find actions enacted using substitute objects that are similar to the referent in terms of both their form and function easier to interpret than those performed using decontextualized props - including body-partas-object (BPO) and imaginary object (IO) gestures - regardless of age. Finally, BPO and IO gestures are of equal complexity and children 5 years and above correctly interpret these gestures more readily than actions involving substitute objects that share no similarity with the referent. These findings are discussed in relation to dual and triune representation problems (DeLoache, 1995; Tomasello, Striano, & Rochat, 1999).","PeriodicalId":224518,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Development Psychology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123337546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Effects of group membership, intergroup competition, and out-group ethnicity on children’s ratings of in-group and out-group similarity and positivity 群体成员、群体间竞争和群体外种族对儿童群体内和群体外相似性和积极性评价的影响

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151006X150382

D. Nesdale, J. Griffiths, K. Durkin, A. Maass

{"title":"Effects of group membership, intergroup competition, and out-group ethnicity on children’s ratings of in-group and out-group similarity and positivity","authors":"D. Nesdale, J. Griffiths, K. Durkin, A. Maass","doi":"10.1348/026151006X150382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1348/026151006X150382","url":null,"abstract":"Based on self-categorization theory (SCT; Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987), this study examined the extent to which 7- and 10-year-old children's perceptions of similarity to, and positivity towards, their in-group would be increased by factors predicted to enhance the salience of in-group–out-group categorizations. In a minimal group study, participants met the in-group before or after the out-group (group timing), the out-group had the same or different ethnicity as the in-group (out-group ethnicity), and there was or was not to be a competition between the in-group and the out-group (intergroup competition). Ratings of the in-group similarity were influenced by the out-group ethnicity, but not by group timing or intergroup competition. Consistent with SCT, participants rated themselves as more similar to the in-group when the out-group had different vs. the same ethnicity. SCT's predictions concerning in-group positivity were not confirmed. Instead, participants rated the in-group more positively than the out-group and the in-group was rated more positively, when participants met the in-group before rather than after the out-group. Older compared with younger participants were also more prepared to change groups when the out-group had different ethnicity. The implications for SCT are discussed.","PeriodicalId":224518,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Development Psychology","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127399963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Mental playmates: Siblings, executive functioning and theory of mind 心理玩伴:兄弟姐妹、执行功能和心理理论

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151005X70094

A. McAlister, C. Peterson

{"title":"Mental playmates: Siblings, executive functioning and theory of mind","authors":"A. McAlister, C. Peterson","doi":"10.1348/026151005X70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1348/026151005X70094","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF) abilities of 124 typically developing preschool children aged 3 to 5 years in relation to whether or not they had a child-aged sibling (i.e. a child aged 1 to 12 years) at home with whom to play and converse. On a ToM battery that included tests of false belief, appearance-reality (AR) and pretend representation, children who had at least 1 child-aged sibling scored significantly higher than both only children and those whose only siblings were infants or adults. The numbers of child-aged siblings in preschoolers' families positively predicted their scores on both a ToM battery (4 tasks) and an EF battery (2 tasks), and these associations remained significant with language ability partialled out. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that independent contributions to individual differences in ToM were made by language ability, EF skill and having a child-aged sibling. However, even though some conditions for mediation were met, there was no statistically reliable evidence that EF skills mediated the advantage of presence of child-aged siblings for ToM performance. While consistent with the theory that distinctively childish interaction among siblings accelerates the growth of both TOM and EF capacities, alternative evidence and alternative theoretical interpretations for the findings were also considered.","PeriodicalId":224518,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Development Psychology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118450330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 82

Children's Understanding of Drivers' Intentions 儿童对司机意图的理解

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151005X62417

H. Foot, J. Thomson, A. Tolmie, K. Whelan, Sheila Morrison, Penelope Sarvary

{"title":"Children's Understanding of Drivers' Intentions","authors":"H. Foot, J. Thomson, A. Tolmie, K. Whelan, Sheila Morrison, Penelope Sarvary","doi":"10.1348/026151005X62417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1348/026151005X62417","url":null,"abstract":"To become more skilled as pedestrians, children need to acquire a view of the traffic environment as one in which road users are active agents with different intentions and objectives. This paper describes a simulation study designed to explore children's understanding of drivers' intentions. It also investigated the effect of training children's sensitivity, through peer discussion and adult guidance, to the cues by which drivers signal their intentions. Results confirmed that children's ability to accurately predict drivers' intentions improves with age and that sensitizing children through training to the options for action available to drivers when signalling a manoeuvre improves their accuracy in predicting drivers' intentions. Training was also found to shift children's focus from contextual infrastructural features of the traffic environment (e.g. traffic signals, stop signs) by which to judge drivers' likely intentions to the explicit cues that drivers use to signal their imminent actions (e.g. slowing down, moving into the kerb). Training on the simulation was also shown to transfer to practical decision making at the roadside.","PeriodicalId":224518,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Development Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117831550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

The meaning of infants' looks: Information seeking and comfort seeking? 婴儿长相的意义:信息寻求与安慰寻求?

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151005X67566

T. Striano, Amrisha Vaish, Joann P. Benigno

{"title":"The meaning of infants' looks: Information seeking and comfort seeking?","authors":"T. Striano, Amrisha Vaish, Joann P. Benigno","doi":"10.1348/026151005X67566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1348/026151005X67566","url":null,"abstract":"In two studies, the reason that infants in a novel situation look to adults was assessed. In Study 1, 10- and 13-month-old infants encountered a visual cliff that was deep (56 cm) or ambiguous (20 cm). Infants crossed the ambiguous cliff reliably faster than the deep cliff, and the first looks to mother of infants in the deep cliff condition were longer than those of infants in the ambiguous cliff condition. In Study 2, infants on an ambiguous cliff were tested either in a condition in which the mother was looking at the cliff (face plus voice) or away from the cliff (voice only) while encouraging the infants to cross. Infants' crossing times and looks to mother did not differ as a function of condition. In the two other conditions, infants' looks to mother and duration to cross were assessed when no cues were provided (no cues) or when the mother was providing information to an adult (talk to adult). Compared with the number of infants in the face plus voice and voice only conditions, the number of infants who became fussy in the no cues and talk to adult conditions was reliably greater. Those infants who crossed the cliff in the no cues and talk to adult conditions crossed as fast as infants in the other two conditions. The discussion focuses on the meaning of infants' first looks and on infants' understanding of cues that are intended for them versus for someone else.","PeriodicalId":224518,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Development Psychology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125265065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

A longitudinal investigation of the still-face effect at 6 months and joint attention at 12 months 对6个月时的静止面效应和12个月时的联合注意进行纵向调查

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151005X67539

Aimée Yazbek, B. D’Entremont

{"title":"A longitudinal investigation of the still-face effect at 6 months and joint attention at 12 months","authors":"Aimée Yazbek, B. D’Entremont","doi":"10.1348/026151005X67539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1348/026151005X67539","url":null,"abstract":"An understanding of intentionality is thought to underlie developing joint attention. Similarly, early social-communicative behaviours have been argued to reflect an appreciation of adult intentionality. This study explored the relation between social-communicative behaviours during the still-face effect at 6 months and joint attention at 12 months in a longitudinal sample of 42 infants. Three types of joint attention were investigated: coordinated joint attention (infant alternates looks between an adult and objects), initiating joint attention (infant uses communicative gestures to engage or direct adult attention) and attention following (infant follows an adult's line of gaze and pointing towards an object). The still-face effect was correlated with later attention following, but not coordinated or initiating joint attention. Initiating joint attention was correlated with coordinated joint attention. We propose that the former association reflects a lower-level detection of adult intentionality rather than a higher-level interpretation of an agent's intentions towards outside entities. The findings support two bodies of research - one advocating for a distinction between types of joint attentional ability and a second proposing that infants can detect intentional actions without understanding or attributing mental states to objects.","PeriodicalId":224518,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Development Psychology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131153037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

A microgenetic investigation of stability and continuity in theory of mind development 心理发展理论稳定性和连续性的微遗传学研究

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151005X57422

Emma Flynn

引用次数: 52

This turnip's not for turning: Children's morphological awareness and their use of root morphemes in spelling 这个萝卜不是用来翻的:儿童的词形意识及其在拼写中对词根语素的使用

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151005X50834

S. Deacon, P. Bryant

引用次数: 67

Level 1 perspective-taking at 24 months of age 24个月大时的第一级换位思考能力

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151005X55370

Henrike Moll, M. Tomasello

引用次数: 275

Helping children think: Gaze aversion and teaching 帮助孩子思考:凝视厌恶和教学

British Journal of Development Psychology Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1348/026151005X49872

Fiona G. Phelps, G. Doherty-Sneddon, Hannah Warnock

引用次数: 61