The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL, HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES AND TISSUE EXPRESSION OF P53 AS INDICATOR OF EARLY POSTMORTEM INTERVAL IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS","authors":"Sara kasem, Soheir Mohamed, Samira Mohamed, Martena Khalaf, Ahmed Said","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.211493.1290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.211493.1290","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Estimating the period since death is forensic medicine's primary priority. It assists other judicial inquiries in comprehending the situation and accounting for prospective offenders. Objectives: The current research is attempting to evaluate the role of various methods in the estimation of the postmortem interval by studying the biochemical changes in the blood (serum levels of uric acid, lactate, amylase, lipase, and insulin), histological changes, and anti-p53 antibody immunohistochemical expression in the tongue and pancreas. Methodology: Forty adult male Albino rats served as the subjects for the current investigation. According to varied postmortem intervals, the animals were randomly divided into four groups: 0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after death. Results: The postmortem interval, serum uric acid, lactate, and lipase displayed a significant positive correlation. Time-dependent alterations could be observed in the pancreatic and tongue histological sections. Anti-p53 antibody immunohistochemistry expression increased progressively over the postmortem period. Conclusions : Determining how long has transpired after death is essential in forensic medicine. The serum lactate level is the most accurate of the studied biochemical parameters. Additionally, regression formulas using the optical density scores of the tongue and pancreas can be used to forecast PMI more accurately when combined","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is continued problem","authors":"Heba Rohym, Hoda Mahmoud, amal Salah","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.186230.1286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.186230.1286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134917810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURGICAL MALPRACTICE LITIGATIONS ARE INEVITABLE OR PREVENTABLE? A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED STUDY IN EGYPT.","authors":"Saffa Abdelaziz, Zahraa Sobh, Hend Ali, Omneya Mohamed","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.218064.1293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.218064.1293","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical malpractice in Egypt is one of the leading causes of raising legal claims against physicians, mainly if it results in death. Objectives: This study investigated in-depth surgical malpractice among Egyptian physicians. Methodology: An online questionnaire was formulated consistent with literature discussing medicolegal aspects of malpractice in surgery. Results: Responses were received from 124 physicians in ten Egyptian governorates. Three quarters of participants were males, and the majority (80.6%) were aged less than 40 years. 73.4% of respondents practiced medicine for 15 years or less, 41% were consultants, and 67.7% had master's and doctorate degrees. The respondents’ scores regarding knowledge of four malpractice pillars were unsatisfactory (mean =1.52 ±0.79), and only 4.7% of the respondents identified all pillars. Nearly two-thirds of participants committed an error during surgical practice. Almost all participants disclosed the error to their patients. 18.5% of participants reported previous malpractice charges, and 9.7% had been convicted of medical malpractice. 58.3% of sentenced participants were between 40 and 50 years and held a master's or doctorate. Three-quarters of convicted participants practiced medicine for 15 years or less. Consultants represented half of the convicted participants of malpractice. The most identified error by participants was operating in a poorly equipped medical facility (60.5%), whereas the commonest identified risk factor was defective medical supplies (66.1%). Death and permanent infirmity were the most mentioned outcomes of errors motivated raising malpractice claims (62.1% and 54%, respectively). 75.8% of the respondents noticed increasing surgical malpractice claims in Egypt. 70.2% of the participants reported that getting compensation was the commonest cause of increased claims. Proper medical recording and increasing awareness of medicolegal issues were the most common solutions recommended by 57.3% and 51.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Egyptian physicians involved in invasive procedures risk being accused and charged with malpractice claims. Master’s or doctorate degrees holders with clinical practice for 15 years or less were at higher risk of being charged or even convicted of malpractice than others. It is mandatory to increase awareness of healthcare providers engaged in invasive procedures regarding medicolegal issues, including malpractice pillars.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUTOPSY REVEALS THE CAUSE OF LITIGATION – A NEGLIGENCE-BASED STUDY.","authors":"MANOJ PATEKAR, Nikhil Jagtap, Kailash Zine, Amol Shinde","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.199170.1288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.199170.1288","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Today the number of cases of allegations of negligence is increasing and already it has become a great problem, especially for surgeons, anesthetists, obstetricians, and gynecologists. Objectives : The present study is an attempt to discover through autopsy what are the basic drawbacks in the service of healthcare which leads to allegations against medical practitioners. Methodology : The study included 72 cases with an allegation of medical negligence cases reported for expert opinion to the tertiary care center. Results : The present study revealed that the surgical, allied & related cases (48) faced more allegations than the medicinal, allied & related cases (21). Autopsies were conducted further in 24 cases out of the 32 surgical deaths which were more as compared to medicinal deaths undergone autopsies (10 out of 16). Conclusions : Of the 72 cases studied, there is a preponderance of allegations related to negligence in the surgery performed (23.61%), which was followed by allegations related to failure to diagnose/ wrong treatment (20.83%).","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134917658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SUICIDE DURING THE PERIOD 2017- 2021","authors":"Heba Rohym, Ghada Elgalad (correct)","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.196403.1287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.196403.1287","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide among Egyptians is a subject of great concern which requires thorough study to formulate a prevention strategy. Suicide has a significant impact on economic growth and development. Aim of the study : To assess the medico legal aspects of suicidal cases through analysis of socio-demographical data, risk factors and common methods used. Methods : A retrospective review was conducted on data obtained from 3720 suicide injured patients who were recorded to Fayoum, Cairo and Alexandria Forensic Medical Authority in between January 2017and December 2021. Results: in this study 32.2% of study group aged between 21 and 30 years old, followed by 25.5% aged between 31 and 40 years old.67.2% were males versus 32.8% were females. For marital status 45.8% were married.83.4 % had a low level versus 16.6 had a high level. Percentage of suicidal cases in 2017 were 14.5% increased to 19.6% in 2018, then to21.3% in 2019, then to 22.3% in 2020 and 2021. 46.8% of cases were from Cairo, 12.5% were from Fayoum, and 40.8% were from Alexandria. The most common cause of suicide was Aluminum phosphide 25.4%, followed by Hanging 19.4% the fall from high was15.5%.There was a statistical significant difference with p-value <0.001 in suicidal methods between different governorates with higher percentage of firearm (91.3%), cut wrist (100%),, stab abdomen (100%), and Zinc phosphide toxicity (88.9%) in Cairo, higher percentage of aluminum phosphide toxicity (44.9%) was noticed in Fayoum, and the high prevalence was for drug abuse toxicity (55.7%), traffic accident (52.6%), and aluminum phosphide toxicity (50.4%) for Alexandria. Conclusion: Suicide is regarded as an issue, hence preventing it should be given top priority. Suicidal methods are readily available and challenging to control. As a result, risk factor-based suicide prevention strategies may be more effective than techniques that restrict access.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2nd and 7th cervical vertebrae indices using multislice computed tomography as a diagnostic tool in differentiation of sex and age in an Egyptian sample, Menoufia governorate","authors":"S. Elagamy, Shaimaa Yaihya Abdel Raouf, R. Habib, Nagwa Habib","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.161514.1270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.161514.1270","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Age and sex estimations play a vital role in establishing an individual's identity. Identification depending on Computed Topographies (CT) of vertebrae have become increasingly important in the forensic field, as vertebrae are most commonly present at a death scene. The second (C2) and seven (C7) cervical vertebrae have a unique morphology making them easily identifiable in a disarticulated skeleton. Aim of the study: The study aims to investigate the role of both C2 and C7 vertebrae as a diagnostic tool in the estimation of age and sex among Menoufia population. Methodology: The study was carried out on 102 cases from Menoufia population; 51 males and 51 females, with age ranging from 12-70 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to WHO age classification with some modifications. The persons included in this study were patients who came for Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the neck for any medical reason in the Radiology Department of Menoufia University and the CT was done for them after giving written informed consent. The cases with pathological conditions and/or with prominent degenerative changes were excluded from this study. The multi -slice computed tomography (MSCT) measurements of the different indices of C2 (15 indices) and C7 (11 indices) in the studied participants were taken. Results: Males were higher C2 and C7 vertebrae measurements than females in all measurements. This difference was statistically significant in 13 indices of C2 and 9 indices of C7 vertebrae. Density indices of both C2 and C7 vertebrae were independent predictors for sex with accuracy rate 83% and 88% respectively. Also, there was significant positive relation between age and almost all the metric indices of C2 and C7 vertebrae. Conclusion: MSCT of C2 and C7 vertebrae measurements can be used to identify both the sex and age of unknown individuals; however, further studies with larger sample of population from different Egyptian districts are recommended.C2 and C7 vertebrae measurements","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87589762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLONAZEPAM INDUCED SUB CHRONIC HEPATORENAL TOXICITY IN RATS AND THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL","authors":"nada Abdel-raof, Mahmoud Khattab, Fatma Abdel Maksoud, Maha Emad Eldein, Ahmed Elshatory, Walaa Awad, Mohammad El-Kattan","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.205239.1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.205239.1289","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clonazepam (CZP) is an antiepileptic drug approved in 1976 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of various types of seizures, Clonazepam has a high potential for abuse, as well as tolerance, physical dependence, and ultimately addiction. Although many studies confirmed the deleterious effects of other antiepileptic like valproic acid and carbamazepine, those of clonazepam are minimal. Objectives: This research aimed to study and evaluate the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of sub chronic high dose administration of clonazepam and the protective effect of alpha-tocopherol “vitamin E” (V.E). Methods: Forty (40) healthy male albino rats were included. They were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 rats each): group I (normal saline), group II (CZP misuse), and group III (V.E) and group ΙV (CZP + V.E). All rats received the commenced drugs for 50 days. Serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were measured. Liver and kidney tissues were taken for histopathology. Results: clonazepam in high doses increased hepatic and renal biomarkers levels, disrupted hepatic and renal tissues, and increased the number of degenerated cells. V.E treatment significantly attenuated the deleterious effects induced by clonazepam.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STATURE ESTIMATION USING SOME HAND VARIABLES BY X- RAY AID IN EGYPTIANS.","authors":"Amro Saleh, Wafaa Abdel Wahed","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.166382.1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.166382.1275","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : Stature estimation from different hand variables is vital in identifying the deceased in forensic practice. This study aims to find out if there is a correlation between a person's height and their handbreadth, length, and other measurements taken with an X-ray. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive cohort study was conducted on 200 volunteers (100 males and 100 females) attending Fayoum University Hospital's radiology department from June 2021 to May 2022. The stature, hand length, and handbreadth of the left hand were measured. Finger bone length, metacarpophalangeal length, and distal phalanx length of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers were measured using X-ray films. The recorded data were analyzed by SPSS version 28. Results: All the measured variables of the left hand were significantly higher in males than in females. Stature was positively correlated with all measured hand variables in both sexes. Handlength, ring finger, and distal phalanx length of the ring finger showed the highest determination coefficient (R 2 ) and lowest standard error of estimate (SEE) by the linear regression model in males. However, in females, the handlength, index finger, and distal phalanx length of the index finger showed better values than other hand measurements by the linear regression model. Conclusions: Multiple regression equations are better than single linear regression equations for predicting stature. This finding suggests that the accuracy of stature estimation would be greater among males than females.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134917539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOXIC EFFECTS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANO-PARTICLES IN ADULT MALE WISTAR RATS LIVER AND THE POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF BETA CAROTENE","authors":"Marwa Hasb Elnabi, Soheir K. Mohamed, Hend Salman, H. Elsayed, Marwa Hashim, Ahmed Said","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.126721.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.126721.1252","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Tio2NP) are important due to their various applications; sterilization, keeping rust away, and depigmentation. Aim : This study was designed to investigate the hepatic toxicity of sub-chronic oral exposure to Tio2 NP in adult male Wistar rats and to assess the possible protective effect of beta carotene (BC). Material and methods: Ninety adult male Wistar rats were divided into nine equal groups; Group I kept without any treatment (negative control), group II saline received (positive control), group III received BC (10mg/kg/day), groups IV, V, VI which were administrated with 30, 50 and 70mg/kg/day of Tio2NPs, group VII, VIII, IX which were administrated BC(10mg/kg/day) then 30, 50 and 70mg/kg/day of Tio2NPs for 60 days orally. Serum levels of AST and ALT were estimated after 30 days and at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers in liver tissue, including MDA and SOD were estimated. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues by light microscopy was also performed. Results : The results revealed a significant statistical increase in the levels of specific markers AST and ALT in TiO2 NPs treated groups in comparison to controls at the end of the study. There was a significant statistical decrease in the AST activity in protected groups by BC compared to 50 and 70 mg/kg administrated TiO2 NPs Tio2treated groups after 30 days of the study. Also, TiO2 NPs induced a significant elevation of MDA and a significant decrease in the antioxidant enzyme SOD in liver tissue, which was ameliorated by the administration of BC. Also, significant histopathological changes were detected in the form of numerous vacuolated hepatocytes, congestion in the portal vein, dilated congested sinusoids, numerous degenerated hepatocytes, and periportal inflammatory cell infiltration. These changes were improved by BC. Conclusion : It can be concluded that sub-chronic oral exposure to Tio2 NPs induces oxidative stress, which produces hepatotoxicity in the rat liver, and that of BC has a hepatoprotective and potential antioxidant role against its toxic effects. From the previous results, raising public awareness about the proper handling of TiO2 NPs materials and further studies about the usefulness of BC are recommended.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91262593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF NANDROLONE DECANOATE NEPHROTOXICITY AND POTENTIAL IMPACT OF ALPHA LIPOIC ACID","authors":"A. Mahmoud, Noha Halloull","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.166998.1276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.166998.1276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81436265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}