The Stuff of SoldiersPub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0008
B. Schechter
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter discusses the socialist framework that undergirded Soviet society. Marxism–Leninism–Stalinism divided the world into objective and subjective phenomena. History was seen as a series of massive processes that were objective and inexorable. How these massive changes were experienced by individuals was simply subjective, a mere byproduct of these processes. The war served both to highlight and to undermine this logic of history: Soviet victory had always been touted as inevitable, but what individual soldiers did seemed to matter very much in its outcome. In place of a Marxist narrative of “objective” and “subjective” experience, the chapter explains that the book has been a story of objects and subjects—things and people. Specific subjectivities, or senses of self, formed around the use of specific objects, as Red Army soldiers came to identify themselves with the weapons they wielded, invest meaning in rituals both mundane and extraordinary, and inhabit the idiosyncratic ranks of the army and its cities of earth.","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133175051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Stuff of SoldiersPub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0003
B. Schechter
{"title":"A Personal Banner","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an ethnography of soldiers' clothing and explores the meaning of the uniform's iconography. In the summer and fall of 1941, hundreds of thousands of Red Army soldiers and commanders surrendered to the enemy or abandoned their uniforms while fleeing the battlefield. The army was on the verge of disintegrating, but many soldiers continued to believe in their duty to fight on. For those soldiers, the uniform was like a personal banner. This rhetoric was closely associated with a major change in style in 1943, when the army abandoned the uniform that so many soldiers had themselves cast-off or worn into German captivity, introducing a “new-old” uniform that reproduced late tsarist styles. Pogony (shoulder boards), a key old regime symbol, were recast as a point of pride. Along with pogony, a variety of decorations, many of which referenced old regime heroes, formed a rich text that was readable by both soldiers and civilians. The chapter then shows how soldiers' biographies and the state's self-presentation changed via medals and uniforms.","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122271933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prelude: Outgunned and Outmanned","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501739804-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739804-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127909805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Stuff of SoldiersPub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0009
B. Schechter
{"title":"The Thing-Bag","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies the soldier's knapsack, exploring the few personal items that soldiers carried, from knickknacks to print propaganda to personal letters. Given the nomadic nature of soldiers' existence and the lack of free space in their packs, these items had to be either useful or precious. The thing-bag was the closest thing soldiers had to a private place. However, like everything else in the army, the soldier's pack was subject to random inspections. Superiors could look into thing-bags if they so desired, and they were encouraged to do so. The only nonmilitary items that soldiers were encouraged to carry in their packs were ephemera. Books, magazines, and newspapers were published to raise soldiers' morale, allowing them to expand their knowledge and distract themselves from the miseries of life at the front. In an army learning on the job, they also provided useful information about how to fight and transmitted the latest tactical innovations. Finally, this was the medium where soldiers could find explanations of the meaning of the war and their place in it. Of even greater importance were letters, which reified connections with home and allowed soldiers to participate in the lives of distant relatives.","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117283630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Stuff of SoldiersPub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0004
B. Schechter
{"title":"The State’s Pot and the Soldier’s Spoon","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on provisioning in the Red Army, tracing how soldiers ate, the ways the government positioned itself as provider, and the logic of who deserved more or less food under conditions of extreme shortage. In the first years of the war, the Soviet Union lost its bread basket, making hunger inevitable. Under these conditions, the government's dedication to provide was reaffirmed to soldiers, who were promised ample provisions in return for their service. Ultimately, it was difficult to imagine such a key resource as food outside of the horizontal bonds between citizens and the vertical relationship to the state. The very term used for rations, paëk, implied mutual obligations. Paëk could be seen as the physical embodiment of the socialist adage “to each according to his work,” as its etymological root implied an earned share in a common cause. The chapter then considers how rations were assembled by the government and later received and used by soldiers at the front—how paëk functioned, was experienced, and occasionally transformed by soldiers.","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129958575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"7. Trophies of War: Red Army Soldiers Confront an Alien World of Goods","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501739804-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739804-013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127460109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2. A Personal Banner: Life in Red Army Uniform","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501739804-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739804-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"17 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126963569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3. The State’s Pot and the Soldier’s Spoon: Rations in the Red Army","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/9781501739804-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739804-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130720762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1. The Soldier’s Body: A Little Cog in a Giant War Machine","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/9781501739804-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739804-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130661293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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