The Stuff of SoldiersPub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0006
B. Schechter
{"title":"“A Weapon Is Your Honor and Conscience”","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at how Red Army soldiers learned to kill. The Red Army was forced to take undertrained soldiers and turn them into efficient killers, often instructing them directly at the front. Indeed, killing was a duty in the Red Army: the inability to kill was scorned, and soldiers were encouraged to keep competitive tallies of their kills. As such, soldiers needed to learn to use, trust, and love their weapons. In significant ways, the Soviet project was a dialogue between humans and machinery. The call to master tractors, lathes, and other industrial means of production articulated during the First Five-Year Plan were echoed in regards to weapons during the war. The chapter then explores the arsenal of the Red Army, treating weapons as tools for specific tasks and highlighting the soldiers' symbiotic relationship with weaponry. It also discusses social differentiation among different branches of service and examines changing tactics as the army became a professional fighting force.","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121538289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"4. Cities of Earth, Cities of Rubble: The Spade and Red Army Landscaping","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501739804-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739804-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128952670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Government Issue","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/9781501739804-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739804-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116991408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Stuff of SoldiersPub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0005
B. Schechter
{"title":"Cities of Earth, Cities of Rubble","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses the destroyed landscape of war and the cities of earth that soldiers built to survive, crafting a semi-urban space using standard issue spades and attempting to recreate aspects of civilian life. During the Great Patriotic War, survival at the front was virtually impossible without the help of an ancient hand tool: the spade. Indeed, the idea of the spade as a loyal friend became a major trope of military propaganda. That such a humble object received so much attention is telling. The spade was the key to soldiers' reading, shaping, and using the landscape. The soldier's small spade was an anonymous object, standard to everyone, and manuals taught soldiers to dig trenches according to a regular plan, yet Red Army soldiers excavated highly personalized spaces. Ultimately, the small, relatively primitive object and the labor it facilitated were central to the experience of millions of people in one of the most technologically advanced conflicts in world history.","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123618758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"6. The Thing-Bag: A Public-Private Place","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/9781501739804-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739804-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123040450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Stuff of SoldiersPub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0002
B. Schechter
{"title":"The Soldier’s Body","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739798.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines soldiers' bodies to look at the diversity of cadres entering the Red Army. In the course of the war, the Red Army had to transform millions of Soviet citizens into usable components of its war machine. The immense scale of the war would bring people into the army who would otherwise never have served. The government laid claim to the bodies of these men and women, handing them over to the commanders who were deputized to use these human resources to wage war. Commanders were tasked with training, tracking, and properly exploiting their soldiers and given almost total control over their subordinates' bodies. With this power came great responsibility: a good commander was supposed to be able to turn anyone into a soldier. Both the government and its deputies were forced to reckon not only with the physical bodies of soldiers but also with the souls that animated them. This was made all the more difficult by the demographic diversity of those serving: men aged seventeen to fifty-five, women, former criminals, and almost all of the ethnic groups of the heterogeneous USSR. The chapter then provides a brief “life cycle” of soldiers in service, from induction through training to the front and eventual wounding into the system of hospitals and back again.","PeriodicalId":224339,"journal":{"name":"The Stuff of Soldiers","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128043094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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