The Sustainable City XIII最新文献

{"title":"ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SPACES ON SOCIABILITY POTENTIAL OF CITIES: CASE STUDY OF NOBAHAR STREET, KERMANSHAH, IRAN","authors":"Peyman Amiriparyan, Christa Reicher, Z. Kiani","doi":"10.2495/sc190111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190111","url":null,"abstract":"The street as the pervasive and accessible urban public realm has considerable effects on the sociability potential of cities due to its multidimensional nature, embodying a range of activities from transportation, shopping, walking, and sitting to an urban space letting citizens experience and share social moments together. Hence, the street, by having a dynamic and pervasiveness characteristic, affects and promotes the sociability potential of cities and, subsequently, the quality of daily social life. This research, as a part of an ongoing PhD research at RWTH Achen University, Faculty of Architecture, aims to shed some light on the role of public space, and specifically the street, on the sociability potential of urban spaces. Hence, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness level of Nobahar Street on social indicators of space as one of the densest streets in Kermanshah city, Iran. To achieve this purpose, a quantitative research method is assigned to realize this relation in three steps including library research to review the literature of the issue and to assign the indicators of the questionnaire as the second step of the research (data collection). The questionnaire was distributed among 120 citizens from different age groups and different genders, and, finally, in the third step of the research, the gathered data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results of the software show there is a strong relationship between Nobahar Street and its effects on social indicators assigned in the questionnaire.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123378469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING FOR BALANCED LOCAL URBAN CENTERS","authors":"R. Barełkowski","doi":"10.2495/sc190481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190481","url":null,"abstract":"Both architectural and urban design are deeply rooted in programming or construing programmatic frameworks which are then transposed into physical structures. This programmatic aspect contributes to the nature of the city, but quite often is either masked under multiple layers of architectural or urban design related manifestations or is blurred due to extensively complicated structure. In the latter example, urban structure appears to be too developed to grasp the sophisticated role programming plays in building the balanced, sustainable city. There are, however, rare cases in which the program appears to determine the validity of the entire project because the structure is to become a local urban center. Its scale is sufficiently comprehensible, certainly not too big, and at the same time autonomous enough that it is possible to expose the significance of urban program and its compilation as a separate, important step within the process of urban design. The paper focuses on case studies – two autonomous estates, one of which is central for the community, the other one is peripheral. Both cases display the approach to programming using similar methods in order to distinguish similarities and differences affecting the strategy, the approach to a particular task, and the tailoring of the design process in this early stage. This work will present selected sustainability attributes, namely availability, accessibility, and connectivity, as drivers for programming balanced functions and balanced areas.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131129733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA’S 2030 VISION","authors":"S. Alharthi, A. Alharthi, Muhammad Alharthi","doi":"10.2495/sc190401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190401","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations (UN) has set 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2015/2016 as a strategic plan to help governments around the globe to develop national plans to achieve the Agenda 2030 for a sustainable future. These SDGs are somehow fulfilled in a way or another in the 2030 vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) besides other goals. This paper focuses on the 17 SDGs attainable in the KSA’s vision. Each SDG has several strategic objectives or indicators which have target values to be achieved in the 2030 vision. The progress towards these targets are measured quarterly as a percentage of the target values and identify the enforcement of critical adjustments quarterly or annually. The Threshold21-iSDG model developed by the Millennium Institute (MI) has been used to assess the performance for SDG attainments in the KSA’s vision. The progress for the 17 SDGs achieved by 2030 are compared for three different scenarios (i.e., business‐as‐usual (BAU), Vision Realization Programs (VRPs) and an “SDG” with critical adjustments) and they are portrayed on the SDG wheel. The progress attainable using SDG scenario is better compared to other scenarios.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132446780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DELIVERING ON INFRASTRUCTURE MAINTENANCE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROWTH: EXPLORATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR A SUSTAINED MAINTENANCE STRATEGY","authors":"Deena Govender","doi":"10.2495/sc190431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190431","url":null,"abstract":"In South Africa (SA), similar to nations globally, the prevailing tangible link between people and the state is public infrastructure. Infrastructure is an essential enabler for socio-economic growth in communities and ultimately for a country. In this regard, infrastructure, being the backbone of a nation’s prosperity, demands effective maintenance for optimum delivery of much-needed services. Currently, SA infrastructure is in a state of rapid deterioration and is adversely affecting economic growth. A significant quantity of SA infrastructure is on a path of dysfunction and collapse, due to deficiencies in maintenance practices and strategies. From the birth of democracy, the SA government has pursued socio-economic transformation and delivery of basic services to constrict the broadening boundaries of disparity. In this regard, the National Infrastructure Plan (NIP) was prioritized by government, in delivering strategic catalytic infrastructure projects. The NIP was highlighted as a key initiative in unlocking opportunities that generate inclusive economic growth, curb joblessness and poverty, create entrepreneurial opportunities, and mitigate population and urban expansion. Socio-economic transformation benefits from spending on new infrastructure is not being realised as initially anticipated. In this context, SA is currently in a state of weakening economic growth, with further amassed levels of joblessness, unremitting poverty and inequality. Due to investor reluctance, solicitation of strategic infrastructure funding is progressively becoming a debilitating challenge in all government institutions. Exacerbating circumstances further is the substandard functionality of existing infrastructure following compromised maintenance practices. This study of the state of infrastructure is to better understand principal reasons for infrastructure functionality regression. Furthermore, investigations into progressive maintenance strategies is focused upon. Recommendations are made for enhanced maintenance strategies to capitalize on infrastructure maintenance opportunities and important socio-economic growth imperatives.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123264217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF PERMEABLE ASPHALT AND PICP IN SWMM, VALIDATED BY LABORATORY DATA","authors":"Eneko Madrazo-Uribeetxebarria, Maddi Garmendia-Antín, Jabier Almandoz-Berrondo, I. Andrés-Doménech","doi":"10.2495/sc190491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190491","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional urban development practices disrupt the natural water cycle, increasing surface runoff volume/velocity and reducing water quality, amongst other impacts. Those negative impacts can be reduced adopting sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) techniques, such as pervious pavements. porous asphalt (PA) and permeable interlocking clay/concrete pavers (PICP) are two types of pervious pavements. Both are similar to traditional asphalt and pavers, but superficial layer has a high porosity for allowing infiltration of rain, and base/subbase layers contain a high void fraction to allow water retention. In order to analyse these types of pavements and assess how they affect the general urban stormwater network, the SWMM model has been widely used. Even so, more confidence in the selected parameters is needed, especially when modelling homogeneous areas by means of low impact development (LID) units. To do so, laboratory tests have been implemented using a rainfall simulator, testing PICP/PA materials under different slopes (1% and 6%) and rain conditions (35 mm/h and 70 mm/h), and infiltrated water was measured for each layer independently. This paper validates, using the aforementioned laboratory data, the parameters needed for modelling PA and PICP in SWMM, as well as differences between them, showing that SWMM is a convenient tool to model single events on permeable pavements for regular storms.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114697692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE IN THE OLD TOWN OF NORCIA, ITALY","authors":"Stefania Trifan, Cristina Olga Gociman, C. Ochinciuc","doi":"10.2495/sc190341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190341","url":null,"abstract":"The ancient towns have some characteristics of the sustainable city. The buildings are preserved, improved and adapted. The Sustainable Development Goals are fulfilled, and Norcia in Italy was a good example of how to live in a town with wonderful history and important economic achievements using local food technology. After the 2016 earthquakes, Norcia had to respond to a new challenge: to be functional and restore the affected parameters. The study for presentation includes the restructuring of the vital functions of the town while keeping the local community. The compact old town being damaged required the relocation of part of the population near the existing industrial zone located outside the defence walls (which, up to the earthquake, kept almost all of the residential area within the ancient area). The methods for investigation involve diagrams and conclusion after direct observation. Sustainable development also involves resolving living in safe spaces, and local community continues to grow by balancing the preservation of old damaged buildings, but with major implications for their repair, with the optimal operation in separate areas up to the rehabilitation of damaged buildings. According to the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals, the food sector, tourism and construction can offer good support for development, and Norcia has all the premises for the rebuilding and reconstruction of damaged areas, so that it reaches a sustainable way of appropriate habitation again.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127032154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF LANDSCAPES WITH PATRIMONIAL CHARACTER IN THEIR TRIPLE FACET OF MEMORY, IMAGE AND SOCIOSYSTEM","authors":"Ander de la Fuente Arana, U. Llano-Castresana","doi":"10.2495/sc190021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190021","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes the dichotomy of “landscape” analysis necessarily associated with a qualifier such as “natural” or “cultural”, which implies unnecessarily limiting its concept, should be overcome. For this, some authors have proposed the definition of the landscape in three differentiated and interrelated levels; these lines analyse and propose what this three-dimensional analysis would consist of. When assuming this three-dimensional approach, it is proposed that the three facets for its analysis and management would be: memory, generating a feeling of belonging or anchoring; the image, as identity, meaning and physical structure of a perception; and the sociosystem, analyzed in terms of the characteristics of the habitat, the inhabitants and their habits. Memory can be reconstructed and enhanced through spontaneous or directed processes of recovery and reintegration. The image can also be constructed, by interpreting it and minimizing its noises and discontinuities to turn it into a vivid, differentiated and evocative perception. The sociosystem is the area of the landscape that responds less to a behavioural methodology. We must, therefore, seek the measurement of certain factors that, despite not accurately reflecting subjective characteristics or externalities, work as indicators of a comparative evolution. As a result, an identification of the elements that articulate each of the facets is obtained for subsequent documentation and assessment through social dialogue: traces and narratives of memory; nodes, milestones, paths, districts and edges of the image; and opportunity spaces of the sociosystem. Frequently, interventions on cultural landscapes are excessively focused on improving their aesthetics (image), protecting their heritage by historicizing it (memory) or obtaining profitability, especially touristic profitability from their socio-economic potential (sociosystem). Through this three-dimensional landscape analysis, we can compensate the gains achieved from each facet (memory, image and sociosystem) with the losses of the others, avoiding rejection and achieving social involvement and the essential balance with the means to make our project sustainable.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132950822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN UAE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY","authors":"B. Hittini, A. Shibeika","doi":"10.2495/sc190581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190581","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016, 9.68 million tons of solid waste were generated in Abu Dhabi alone where 67.8% was sent to dumpsites and landfills. In the same year, the construction and demolishing (C&D) industry produced 47% of the non-hazardous waste. This research aims to investigate the C&D waste management in UAE’s construction industry, specifically in Abu Dhabi based on (a) official resources identifying authorized entities, regulations, implementation guidelines, and causes behind waste generation in UAE’ C&D industry; and (b) unstructured interviews with construction professionals in Abu Dhabi revealing the waste management consideration process, enhancement methods, professionals’ responsibilities and views toward the topic. While Abu Dhabi’s sustainability framework (Estidama) requires a submittal of C&D Waste Management Plan (CDWMP) prior to any construction activity asking for a minimum of 30% waste diversion from landfills, relevant literature highlighted awareness as an effective factor in C&D management. Interviews for this study have shown that a lack of awareness is still affecting the C&D waste management and control negatively. Interviewees have also contributed in understanding the waste management consideration process, enhancement methods, professionals’ responsibilities and views toward the topic highlighting that implementation practices seem to seek Estidama certification but not a sustainable environment.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115912199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF HERITAGE ON CONTEMPORARY SUSTAINABLE INTERIOR DESIGN SOLUTIONS","authors":"W. Rashdan, Vrushali Mhatre","doi":"10.2495/sc190051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190051","url":null,"abstract":"Vernacular interior design consists of spaces that affirm a unique material, have affinity with the local region, and carries the potential to create a sustainable, harmonious relationship between humans, nature, and the built environment. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), sustainable interior design concepts were inherited from vernacular to modern spaces. Despite the abundance of research on sustainable design, few studies have addressed the relationship between vernacular and modern sustainable interior design solutions. Studies on heritage-based interior design solutions indicate the potential to extend and implement traditional concepts into contemporary design. Hence, the objective of this research is to identify the major elements of vernacular sustainable design in the UAE and measure its applicability to contemporary interior design solutions. This paper explores some examples that reflect the impact of the country’s heritage on contemporary sustainable interior design, concluding that sustainable concepts in heritage design may inspire contemporary interior designers to reflect on the effectiveness of traditional design solutions.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130040500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UNDERSTANDING LAND USE CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL HIGH-ANDEAN MOIST PUNA","authors":"Santiago Madrigal-Martínez, J. M. Garcia","doi":"10.2495/sc190161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/sc190161","url":null,"abstract":"Mountain ecosystems around the world are facing rapid land-cover changes, which have received much attention among scientists, managers, and policy-makers. A growing scientific production has been possible by free and open access data and the use of remote sensing and geographic information system tools. In this context, our study quantified the land-use changes across 25 provinces in the central high-Andean moist Puna over the interval of 13 years, using a selection of eleven land-use/cover types included in the standardized nomenclature of the Corine Land Cover for Peru. Thereafter, we determine the importance of social-economic driving factors in two time periods, from 2000 to 2009 and 2009 to 2013. The results described three spatial patterns: (1) a North–South division, (2) two different trends described by intensification/de-intensification agriculture, and (3) persistent forestland deterioration. Overall, our study reveals that agriculture in densely occupied provinces is the leading land-use change process negatively affecting pasture and forest extent. Moreover, understanding the spatial patterns of changes in the extent and their explanatory variables is important for clarifying land-use change trajectories. We hope our study will support spatial decision-making in complex mountain landscapes.","PeriodicalId":224230,"journal":{"name":"The Sustainable City XIII","volume":"648 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132047450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}