{"title":"Lithium-ion batteries for geosynchronous satellites. Qualification test results of the STENTOR battery","authors":"J. Semerie","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870846","url":null,"abstract":"SAFT has been engaged in the development and qualification of lithium-ion cells and batteries for space applications since 1996. This paper presents the results obtained during qualification tests on the first battery built for the STENTOR Satellite. The STENTOR satellite is powered by lithium-ion cells only, with two 45 V-80 Ah battery packs, made from cylindrical shaped 40 Ah lithium-ion cells, and including the electronics to monitor cells voltages and balance the cell to cell capacities. Each battery pack weights less than 37 kg. The required capacity is achieved by connecting two 40 Ah cells in parallel prior to connecting it in series. Then 11 of these group of two cells are series connected. The battery includes an automatic by-pass system to prevent any type of cell failure. The two electronics are cross strapped to ensure that the two battery packs have no single point failure. The first complete battery, built in 1999, was submitted for qualification test, which comprises: capacity test; hot and cold temperatures; thermal vacuum tests; vibration/shock tests; and EMC tests. The paper gives a summary of the development results, together with details and analysis of the qualification tests performed.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"14 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121010243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Eggert, D. Friedman, P. Badrinarayanan, S. Ramaswamy, K. Heinz-Hauer
{"title":"Characteristics of an indirect-methanol fuel cell system","authors":"A. Eggert, D. Friedman, P. Badrinarayanan, S. Ramaswamy, K. Heinz-Hauer","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870947","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the various system interactions that can affect the efficiency and dynamic performance of an indirect methanol fuel cell system. The characterization of the load following IMFC system is done using the simulation model developed by the Fuel Cell Vehicle Modeling Program at the University of California-Davis. The first part of the paper briefly describes the components within the UCD-IMFC system model. The second part of the paper gives a qualitative look at the system interactions and their impact on the efficiency and dynamics of the system. There are two primary interactions within the IMFC system that are of interest. These two interactions are the fuel processor/stack interaction and the air supply/stack interaction. With respect to the fuel processor/stack anode interaction, we find a trade-off between going to a higher anode hydrogen utilization to maximize efficiency and going to a lower utilization to avoid starving the stack of hydrogen during heavy dynamic loads on the system. On the air supply/stack cathode interaction, we find that dynamics are not as much of an issue and the best operating method is one where the net power output of the stack/compressor combined is greatest for a given partial pressure of oxygen. This gives the highest efficiency for a given cathode/air supply combination. Finally, when considering the water and thermal management (WTM) of the system, we look at methods to reduce the total parasitic load on the satisfying the thermal requirements and maintaining water self-sufficiency.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125157412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Report on the developments of Steam Super Stirling Engine","authors":"N. Isshiki, H. Kojima, I. Ushiyama, S. Isshiki","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870641","url":null,"abstract":"The \"Steam Super Stirling Engine (SSSE)\" is a hybrid engine of Rankine cycle steam engine and steam Stirling engine. This engine has a power piston and a displaced piston. When the power piston comes near its top dead center, saturated steam of 0.2-1.0 Mpa is injected into the cold side of the displaced cylinder, and the steam expands into power cylinder at constant high temperature after passing through a regenerator and heater, as a Stirling engine. Many small remodeled atmospheric engines were tasted. Then a small double expanding SSSE was installed on an electric vehicle for the generation of electricity. Each engine above was successful, and the following points known: (1) power increases to several times those of atmospheric Stirling engines; (2) this engine needs no Helium gas; (3) nearly no cooling system and pressurized crankcase are needed; and (4) theoretical thermal efficiency is expected to be in the middle of both cycles.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132130292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical analyses of MHD-steam combined cycle system with tail gas gasification","authors":"Lu Yanxia, J. Zixiang, Tong Jingzhong","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870960","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the concept of the gasified MHD-steam combined cycle system and sets up a research scheme on the combined cycle system. In this system one part of the high temperature tail gas going out from the MHD channel is utilized to gasify the coal, then the clean syngas is produced in the gasifier. Another part of the tail gas goes into radiation furnace. Based on this thermal chemical regeneration technique the chemical energy of the syngas is more than that of the coal, and on the other hand the syngas as the clean fuel is combusted in the MHD combustor. In this way we can overcome the difficulties brought by the ashes. In the gasifier the sulphur is got rid of by inserting limestone, so the recovered seed is potassium carbonate and the cycle system does not need a seed regeneration unit. The physical models are built and the code is developed. In this paper we have calculated the thermodynamic properties of the system. The parameters of this system are determined, then the efficiency of the combined cycle system is computed, which is higher than traditional MHD-steam combined cycle system.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130315557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Onufriyev, M. K. Marakhtanov, S.K. Muboyadzyan, V.V. Senyavsky
{"title":"The basis of the choice of optimum temperature regime of the current converter and dimensions of the thermion switches","authors":"V. V. Onufriyev, M. K. Marakhtanov, S.K. Muboyadzyan, V.V. Senyavsky","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870700","url":null,"abstract":"The question of the current conversion of space power supplies and the powerful ERT of the space vehicle is paid great attention with elaboration of the perspective power-propulsion systems (PPS), which convert the electrical power of the value up 10/sup 5/-10/sup 6/ Watts. The operating characteristics and resource of the space nuclear power systems based on the thermionic energy conversion (TEC) depends on the parameters of the current conversion (CC) systems and the boarding cable network. In this work the results of theoretical investigation of the specific mass-energy characteristics of the current converter, wires and its temperature regime, the choice of the optimum voltage of the converter and specific power of the switches are presented.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"626 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A mechanical deployment structure for the PowerSphere concept [space power]","authors":"D. Hinkley, E.J. Simburger","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870851","url":null,"abstract":"The development of Picosatellites and Nanosatellites for low Earth orbits requires the collection of sufficient power for onboard instruments with a low-weight, low-volume spacecraft. Because the overall surface area of these satellites is small, body-mounted solar cells are incapable of providing enough power. Deployment of traditional, rigid, solar arrays necessitates larger satellite volumes and weights, and also requires extra apparatus needed for pointing. A solution to this \"power choke\" problem is the deployment of a thin-film solar array with omni-directional solar collection capabilities. The array would have a high collection area, low weight and low stowage volume, and eliminates the need for a pointing mechanism. This paper considers several omni-directional deployable array geometries and details a mechanism for deploying them. The packaged size, deployed size and expected minimum illuminated area are compared using an DARPA-Aerospace Picosatellite as the anticipated host satellite.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134149210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The potential market analysis of a small cogeneration system based on Stirling cycle","authors":"W. Dong, M. Lucentini, V. Nasp","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870858","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade there have been rapid improvements in small-scale combined heat and power technologies. With the deregulation of electric power, observers see little future for large, expensive central power plants that require miles of transmission wires and take decades to pay off. Future demand will be met by smaller power generation systems located closer to where the electricity is used. In the coming years, the world's electricity systems will change beyond recognition. This change is being driven by the need to address growing environmental challenge. The global policy response to climate change will probably be most important influence on the power sector in the future. Localized forms of the power production-based on cogeneration, renewable energies, fuel cells and other forms of distributed power system-have less environmental impact than conventional centralized electricity systems. In this paper, the authors emphasise Stirling technology. The Stirling engine (SE) is a heat machine which operates on a closed thermodynamic regenerative cycle, is capable of very high efficiency and can be used as a power system, refrigerator or heat pump. SEs may be used as power systems, converting heat to work, as refrigerators for cooling, and as heat pumps for elevating the temperature of heat drawn from an ambient temperature source.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134637866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Brand, R. Thibodeaux, G. Fronista, J. Wilson, S. Levin
{"title":"Dual use power management system for space radar","authors":"M. Brand, R. Thibodeaux, G. Fronista, J. Wilson, S. Levin","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870671","url":null,"abstract":"Space based radar (SBR) applications impose challenging weight, volume, efficiency, reliability, environmental, performance and cost requirements on the radar power subsystem (RPS). To meet SBR requirements, the direct point of use (DPU) architecture was chosen. A 90% efficient, 100 watt power converter is demonstrated in a sub-panel that simulates a portion of the radar antenna. The power converter improves military radar, communications equipment, and man-portable electronics. To achieve high-density packaging, inductors and transformers are embedded in a conventional printed wiring board. Power electronics is a highly competitive $26 billion industry largely driven by the automotive industry and portable electronics. Development of this converter will benefit both the defense and commercial market.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"63 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132242243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An experimental study of a 3-kW Stirling engine","authors":"N. Kagawa","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870636","url":null,"abstract":"A 3 kW Stirling engine, NSO3T which is a two-piston type with a unique V-shape cylinder arrangement, was developed by Toshiba. By adopting the cylinder arrangement and a well-designed heat exchanger system, a 50% indicated efficiency was obtained. In this paper, the specifications and modifications of the 1984 year NS03T engine, which is the first NS03T engine with the higher efficiency and performance, are presented. The higher indicated efficiency of the NS03T engine is presented by using reliable experimental data and analyzed data by a mathematical model, SETMA. Also, the regenerator loss is analyzed with a proposed method, which is able to derive reasonable regenerator loss from engine operating data. The results show that the design of the heat exchanger is important for high efficiency engines.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demonstration of a micro-CPL based on MEMS fabrication technologies","authors":"J. Kirshberg, K.L. Yerkes, D. Liepmann","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.2000.870931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870931","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing current micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, a three-port microcapillary pumped loop (micro-CPL) was designed, fabricated and tested to provide integral cooling to electronics or MEMS type devices. The two wafer design consists of one silicon and one borofloat glass wafer. An analytical study was used in determining the geometry of the device, including the evaporator dimensions (1000 /spl mu/m/spl times/2000 /spl mu/m) and the length of the liquid and vapor lines (35 mm). Using laser spot heating, the finished device was run near steady-state. It was determined that a laser delivering 8.5 W (+/-0.2 W) with a spotsize diameter of 3.5 mm caused dry-out of the micro-CPL.","PeriodicalId":224191,"journal":{"name":"Collection of Technical Papers. 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) (Cat. No.00CH37022)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132587033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}