The Cerebellum最新文献_第3页

The Role of the Cerebellar and Vestibular Networks in Anxiety Disorders and Depression: the Internal Model Hypothesis. 小脑和前庭神经网络在焦虑障碍和抑郁中的作用：内部模型假说。

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01400-9

Pascal Hilber

{"title":"The Role of the Cerebellar and Vestibular Networks in Anxiety Disorders and Depression: the Internal Model Hypothesis.","authors":"Pascal Hilber","doi":"10.1007/s12311-022-01400-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12311-022-01400-9","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical data and animal studies confirmed that the cerebellum and the vestibular system are involved in emotions. Nowadays, no real consensus has really emerged to explain the clinical symptoms in humans and behavioral deficits in the animal models. We envisage here that the cerebellum and the vestibular system play complementary roles in emotional reactivity. The cerebellum integrates a large variety of exteroceptive and proprioceptive information necessary to elaborate and to update the internal model: in emotion, as in motor processes, it helps our body and self to adapt to the environment, and to anticipate any changes in such environment in order to produce a time-adapted response. The vestibular system provides relevant environmental stimuli (i.e., gravity, self-position, and movement) and is involved in self-perception. Consequently, cerebellar or vestibular disorders could generate « internal fake news» (due to lack or false sensory information and/or integration) that could, in turn, generate potential internal model deficiencies. In this case, the alterations provoke false anticipation of motor command and external sensory feedback, associated with unsuited behaviors. As a result, the individual becomes progressively unable to cope with the environmental solicitation. We postulate that chronically unsuited, and potentially inefficient, behavioral and visceral responses to environmental solicitations lead to stressful situations. Furthermore, this inability to adapt to the context of the situation generates chronic anxiety which could precede depressive states.","PeriodicalId":22415,"journal":{"name":"The Cerebellum","volume":"43 1","pages":"791-800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82225770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological and Imaging Analysis of GFP-Tagged Protein Kinase C γ Translocation in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. gfp标记的蛋白激酶C γ在小脑浦肯野细胞中易位的电生理和成像分析。

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01384-6

Hirokazu Hirai, Yuuki Fukai, Ayumu Konno, Nobutake Hosoi

{"title":"Electrophysiological and Imaging Analysis of GFP-Tagged Protein Kinase C γ Translocation in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells.","authors":"Hirokazu Hirai, Yuuki Fukai, Ayumu Konno, Nobutake Hosoi","doi":"10.1007/s12311-022-01384-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12311-022-01384-6","url":null,"abstract":"The cerebellum contains the highest density of protein kinase C (PKC) in the central nervous system. PKCγ, the major isotype accounting for over half of the PKCs in the cerebellum, is expressed exclusively in Purkinje cells (PCs). Inactivated PKCγ, which is localized in the cytoplasm of PC dendrites and soma, begins to translocate to the cell membrane upon activation. However, the physiological conditions that induce PKCγ translocation in PC remain largely unknown. Here, we virally expressed PKCγ-GFP in PCs and examined the conditions that induced its translocation to PC dendrites by whole-cell patch clamp analysis combined with confocal GFP fluorescence imaging. A single or repetitive (150 pulses at 5 Hz for 30 s) electrical stimulation to a climbing fiber (CF), which produced a complex spike(s) in PC, failed to induce translocation of PKCγ-GFP to the dendritic shaft of PCs. Direct current injection (+ 2 nA for 3 s) to PC also did not induce the translocation, although PCs generated simple spikes continuously at high rates. In contrast, high-frequency parallel fiber (PF) stimulation (50 pulses at 50 Hz for 1 s), which triggered action potentials followed by sustained depolarization (known as mGluR1-mediated slow depolarization), caused translocation of cytoplasmic PKCγ-GFP to the membrane. Low-frequency PF stimulation (150 pulses at 5 Hz for 30 s) induced continuous simple spike firing but did not induce translocation. These results suggest that CF-triggered depolarization, which causes Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels throughout PC dendrites and somas, is insufficient to induce the translocation of PKCγ, instead requiring high-frequency PF stimulation that activates mGluR1.","PeriodicalId":22415,"journal":{"name":"The Cerebellum","volume":"96 1","pages":"776-783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87772836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early Cerebellar Development in Relation to the Trigeminal System. 早期小脑发育与三叉神经系统的关系。

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01388-2

Maryam Rahimi-Balaei, Hassan Marzban, Richard Hawkes

{"title":"Early Cerebellar Development in Relation to the Trigeminal System.","authors":"Maryam Rahimi-Balaei, Hassan Marzban, Richard Hawkes","doi":"10.1007/s12311-022-01388-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12311-022-01388-2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the wealth of knowledge of adult cerebellar connectivity, little is known about the developmental mechanisms that underpin its development. Early connectivity is important because it is the foundation of the neural networks crucial for neuronal function and serves as a scaffold on which later tracts form. Conventionally, it is believed that afferents from the vestibular system are the first to invade the cerebellum, at embryonic days (E) 11-E12/13 in mice, where they target the new born Purkinje cells. However, we have demonstrated that pioneer axons that originate from the trigeminal ganglia are already present in the cerebellar primordium by E9, a stage at which afferents from the vestibular ganglia have not yet reached the brainstem, where they target neurons of the cerebellar nuclei. An early-born subset of cerebellar nuclei may be derived from the mesencephalon. These may be the target of the earliest pioneer axons. They form the early connectivity at the rostral end. This is consistent with the notion that the formation of the antero-posterior axis follows a rostro-caudal sequence. The finding that trigeminal ganglion-derived pioneer axons enter the cerebellar primordium before Purkinje cells are born and target the cerebellar nuclei, reveals a novel perspective on the development of early cerebellar connectivity.","PeriodicalId":22415,"journal":{"name":"The Cerebellum","volume":"3 1","pages":"784-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82618117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Christophe Habas (1966–2022)—in Memoriam

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01436-x

M. Manto, G. de Marco

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Cerebellar Microstructural Abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease: a Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies 纠正:帕金森病小脑显微结构异常:扩散张量成像研究的系统回顾

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01402-7

M. Haghshomar, Parnian Shobeiri, Seyed Arsalan Seyedi, Fatemeh Abbasi-Feijani, Amirhossein Poopak, H. Sotoudeh, A. Kamali, M. Aarabi

引用次数: 0

Correction to: 3-Hz Postural Tremor in MSA-C and SCA: Revisiting an Old but Underestimated Cerebellar Sign by Posturography 纠正:MSA-C和SCA的3hz体位性震颤:通过体位术重新审视一个古老但被低估的小脑体征

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01372-w

Xiaodi Li, Xiao Lv, Churong Liu, Jinlong Ye, Yan Xu, Gengmao Ma, Zhong Li, Yuzhou Wang

引用次数: 0

Corrective Saccades in Unilateral and Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction During Slow Rotation Expressed by Visually Enhanced VOR and VOR Suppression: Role of the Cerebellum. 视觉增强的VOR和VOR抑制表达的单侧和双侧前庭功能减退在缓慢旋转过程中的矫正性扫视：小脑的作用。

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01066-w

Bernardo Faria Ramos, Renato Cal, Sergio Carmona, Konrad P Weber, Francisco Zuma E Maia

{"title":"Corrective Saccades in Unilateral and Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction During Slow Rotation Expressed by Visually Enhanced VOR and VOR Suppression: Role of the Cerebellum.","authors":"Bernardo Faria Ramos, Renato Cal, Sergio Carmona, Konrad P Weber, Francisco Zuma E Maia","doi":"10.1007/s12311-019-01066-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12311-019-01066-w","url":null,"abstract":"In clinical practice, the head impulse test paradigm (HIMP) and the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) stimulate high-frequency head movements so that the visual system is temporarily suppressed. The two tests could also be useful tools for vestibular assessment at low frequencies: VVOR (visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex) and VORS (vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression). The aim of this study is to analyze the eye movements typically found during VVOR and VORS testing in patients with unilateral and bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Twenty patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, three patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction, and ten patients with normal vestibular function (control group) were analyzed through VVOR and VORS testing with an Otometrics ICS Impulse system. During the VVOR test, patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction exhibited corrective saccades to the same direction of the nystagmus fast phase toward the healthy side when the head rotates toward the affected side, while patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction exhibited corrective saccades to the opposite side of head movements to each side. During the VORS test, patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction seem to exhibit larger corrective saccades to the healthy side when the head was moved to this side, while patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction did not exhibit corrective saccades during head movements to either side. Our data suggest that the VVOR and VORS tests yield the same diagnostic information as the HIMP and SHIMP tests in unilateral and bilateral vestibular hypofunction, and can contribute to the diagnosis of a peripheral vestibular loss as well as the affected side.","PeriodicalId":22415,"journal":{"name":"The Cerebellum","volume":"48 1","pages":"673-677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73270996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

VEMPs and Dysautonomia Assessment in Definite Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, Vestibular Areflexia Syndrome (CANVAS): a Case Series Study. 明确小脑共济失调、神经病变、前庭反射综合征（CANVAS）的vemp和自主神经障碍评估：一项病例系列研究。

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01061-1

David Moreno-Ajona, Laura Álvarez-Gómez, Raquel Manrique-Huarte, Estefanía Rivas, Eduardo Martínez-Vila, Nicolás Pérez-Fernández

{"title":"VEMPs and Dysautonomia Assessment in Definite Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, Vestibular Areflexia Syndrome (CANVAS): a Case Series Study.","authors":"David Moreno-Ajona, Laura Álvarez-Gómez, Raquel Manrique-Huarte, Estefanía Rivas, Eduardo Martínez-Vila, Nicolás Pérez-Fernández","doi":"10.1007/s12311-019-01061-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12311-019-01061-1","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is a recently described slowly progressive ataxia with severe imbalance due to the compromise of three of the four sensory inputs for balance, leaving only vision unaffected. Bilateral vestibulopathy is present but saccular and utricular function, measured by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), has not been widely studied in these patients. Dysautonomia has been reported but is not among the diagnostic criteria. We performed a database analysis to identify patients evaluated between 2003 and 2019 with probable diagnosis of CANVAS by using key words \"bilateral vestibulopathy and/or cerebellar ataxia and/or sensory polyneuropathy.\" Five out of 842 met all conditions. Patients underwent neurological/neurootological exam, brain MRI, visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) exam by high-speed video-oculography using video-Head Impulse Test (vHIT), VEMPs, neurophysiological studies, and genetic tests to exclude other causes of ataxia. Dysautonomia was addressed by the standardized survey of autonomic symptoms. All patients had clinically definite CANVAS as brain MRI showed vermal cerebellar atrophy, neurophysiological studies showed a sensory neuronopathy pattern (absent sensory action potentials), VVOR was abnormal bilaterally, and genetic tests ruled out other causes of ataxia including SCA 3 and Friedreich ataxia. Patients had at least 3 dysautonomic symptoms, including xerostomia/xerophthalmia (5/5). VEMP results varied among patients, ranging from normal to completely abnormal. We found inconsistent results with VEMPs. The utilization of VEMPs in more CANVAS cases will determine its utility in this syndrome. Dysautonomia may be included in the diagnostic criteria.","PeriodicalId":22415,"journal":{"name":"The Cerebellum","volume":"62 1","pages":"717-723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84979877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with a Cyst Compressing the Cerebellum: an Ongoing Enigma. 囊肿压迫小脑患者的神经发育和精神症状：一个持续的谜。

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01050-4

Xavier Guell, Sheeba A Anteraper, Satrajit S Ghosh, John D E Gabrieli, Jeremy D Schmahmann

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with a Cyst Compressing the Cerebellum: an Ongoing Enigma.","authors":"Xavier Guell, Sheeba A Anteraper, Satrajit S Ghosh, John D E Gabrieli, Jeremy D Schmahmann","doi":"10.1007/s12311-019-01050-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12311-019-01050-4","url":null,"abstract":"A patient diagnosed with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and autistic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms was found to have a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst (PFAC) compressing the cerebellum. The patient was referred to our Ataxia Unit for consideration of surgical drainage of the cyst to improve his clinical constellation. This scenario led to an in-depth analysis including a literature review, functional resting-state MRI analysis of our patient compared to a group of controls, and genetic testing. While it is reasonable to consider that there may be a causal relationship between PFAC and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric symptoms in some patients, there is also a nontrivial prevalence of PFAC in the asymptomatic population and a significant possibility that many PFAC are incidental findings in the context of primary cognitive or psychiatric symptoms. Our functional MRI analysis is the first to examine brain function, and to report cerebellar dysfunction, in a patient presenting with cognitive/psychiatric symptoms found to have a structural abnormality compressing the cerebellum. These neuroimaging findings are inherently limited due to their correlational nature but provide unprecedented evidence suggesting that cerebellar compression may be associated with cerebellar dysfunction. Exome gene sequencing revealed additional etiological possibilities, highlighting the complexity of this field of cerebellar clinical and scientific practice. Our findings and discussion may guide future investigations addressing an important knowledge gap-namely, is there a link between cerebellar compression (including arachnoid cysts and possibly other forms of cerebellar compression such as Chiari malformation), cerebellar dysfunction (including fMRI abnormalities reported here), and neuropsychiatric symptoms?","PeriodicalId":22415,"journal":{"name":"The Cerebellum","volume":"13 1","pages":"16-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6984000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80742697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Status Epilepticus Increases Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis in the Developing Rat Cerebellum. 癫痫持续状态增加发育中的大鼠小脑细胞增殖和神经发生。

The Cerebellum Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01078-6

Eliseo Velazco-Cercas, Luis Beltran-Parrazal, Consuelo Morgado-Valle, Maria-Leonor López-Meraz

{"title":"Status Epilepticus Increases Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis in the Developing Rat Cerebellum.","authors":"Eliseo Velazco-Cercas, Luis Beltran-Parrazal, Consuelo Morgado-Valle, Maria-Leonor López-Meraz","doi":"10.1007/s12311-019-01078-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12311-019-01078-6","url":null,"abstract":"Status epilepticus (SE) promotes neuronal proliferation and differentiation in the adult and developing rodent hippocampus. However, the effect of SE on other neurogenic brain regions such as the cerebellum has been less explored. To determine whether SE induced by pentylentetrazole (PTZ-SE) and lithium-pilocarpine (Li-Pilo-SE) increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the developing rat cerebellum. SE was induced in 14-day-old (P14) Wistar rat pups (both sexes). One hour after SE and the following day rats were injected intraperitoneally with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg). Seven days after SE, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect BrdU-positive (BrdU+) cells or BrdU/NeuN+ cells in the cerebellar vermis. SE induced by PTZ or Li-Pilo statistically significant increased the number of cerebellar BrdU+ cells when compared with the control group (58% and 40%, respectively); maximal cell proliferation occurred in lobules II, III, VIb, VIc, VIII, IXa, and IXb of PTZ-SE group and II, V, VIc, VII, and X of Li-Pilo-SE group. An increased number of BrdU/NeuN+ cells was detected in lobules V (17 ± 1.9), VIc (25.8 ± 2.7), and VII (26.2 ± 3.4) after Li-Pilo-SE compared to their control group (9.8 ± 1.7, 12.8 ± 2.8, and 11 ± 1.7, respectively), while the number of BrdU/NeuN+ cells remained the same after PTZ-induced SE or control conditions. SE induced in the developing rat by different experimental models increases cell proliferation in the granular layer of the cerebellar vermis, but only SE of limbic seizures increases neurogenesis in specific cerebellar lobes.","PeriodicalId":22415,"journal":{"name":"The Cerebellum","volume":"164 1","pages":"48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74210149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0