University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative Exposure Assessment to Vibrio cholerae through Consumption of Fresh Fish in Lusaka Province of Zambia","authors":"Mulenga Malata, John Bwalya Muma, James S Siamate, F. Bumbangi, B. Hang'ombe, C. Mumba","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.5.2.667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.5.2.667","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh fish is one of the widely consumed sources of proteins in Zambia. Consumption of contaminated fresh fish has been linked to zoonotic transmission of diseases in humans as fresh fish harbors several spoilage bacteria and pathogens including V. cholerae which cause cholera in humans. This study aimed to conduct a quantitative exposure assessment to Vibrio cholerae through consumption of fresh fish in Lusaka Province of Zambia. We used Swift Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (sQMRA) model to estimate the risk of exposure. We obtained data from reviews of scientific literature, government reports, questionnaire survey, and expert opinions. We categorized fish consumers using three risk pathways; restaurants, households with low socioeconomic status, and households with high socio-economic status. Results revealed that at a serving portion of 100g in households with low socioeconomic status, a concentration of 50 cfu/g, and infectious dose 50 (ID50) of 106 cells, one person out of 2,251,898 population at risk would get ill, representing a probability of 4.4x10-7. At a serving portion of 200g in households with high socioeconomic status, a concentration of 330 cfu/g, and ID50 of 106 cells, 13 people out of 2,251,898 would get ill, representing a probability of 5.7x10-6. At an average serving portion of 200g in restaurants, a concentration of 50 cfu/g, and ID50 of 106 cells, 47 people would get ill, translating to a probability density of 2.02 x 10-5. These results indicate that the risk of exposure to Vibrio cholerae through the consumption of fresh fish among the population at risk in Lusaka Province of Zambia is extremely low through all risk pathways. Cross-contamination during preparation and consumption is the main source of exposure to the Vibrio cholerae. Therefore, improvement in good food safety handling and processing would further minimize the occurrence of foodborne illnesses.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130624222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Price Elasticity of Demand for Veterinary Services: A Case Study of the University of Zambia Veterinary Hospital","authors":"Nelly Banda, Eugene C. Bwalya, Musso Munyeme, J. Muma, C. Mumba","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.5.2.488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.5.2.488","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a price policy that ensures financial viability in order to continue providing a service. The same is true for veterinary services whose economic nature has to be understood for practitioners to adjust prices for smooth income flows to the business. However, veterinary practitioners’ prices often vary across practices without a clear understanding of the economic nature of animal healthcare or elasticity of demand for the services they provide. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the price elasticity of demand for veterinary services using the University of Zambia Veterinary Clinic (UNZAVET) as a case study. To meet this objective, historical five-year data (2014-2018) was collected from the clinics’ medical and financial records. The data was then entered and analysed using both Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Version 20. The price elasticity of demand was calculated using an end-point method. The association between inflation rate and revenue was estimated using Simple Linear Regression Analysis. Overall, the results showed that most of the services offered at UNZAVET were relatively inelastic (<1). However, demand for the services gradually declined while total revenue was steadily increased due to the overall increase in prices. The study demonstrated that the country's inflation rate had a direct effect on the rise in prices and a decline in demand for animal health services. There was no significant statistical association (p=0.35) between annual revenue and inflation rate, nevertheless, a unit increase in inflation reduced income by K29, 815.81 (≈$2000) per annum. The study concludes that prices for veterinary services are traded in monopolistic competition, with mostly inelastic commodities. The study recommends that Veterinarians should consider inflation and price elasticity of demand for each animal health commodity before changing prices. Veterinary practitioners must know that within their practice, there are some veterinary services that if you raise their price, consumers will still buy the same amount, and practitioners will make more money. Similarly, there are other commodities which if practitioners lowered their prices; consumers would buy more hence increasing their income on such services.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122258162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphophysiological Responses of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes to Water Stress","authors":"M. Mataa, Philip Kalima, Davies Lungu","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.5.1.611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.5.1.611","url":null,"abstract":"Yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is highly constrained by water deficit especially when this occurs during the reproductive development. The purpose of the study was to determine the association of the morphophysiological traits with water stress and how this affects grain yield in common beans. A field experiment involving eight common bean genotypes and three water regimes (50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration) was conducted at National Irrigation Research Station, Mazabuka district during the 2012 growing season. A Split plot design with four replications was used; with soil moisture regime (main plot) and the genotypes (subplot). Based on variation in water stress tolerances, 8 test genotypes - Gadra, KE 3, KE 4, ZM 4488, SER 76 SER 180, SER 89 and CAR-ZAR were used. Water stress treatments were imposed at pre-flowering stage and was discontinued after 43 days when the crop was in its late reproductive stage. Significant differences were found among genotypes for Chlorophyll a (Chl a), Chlorophyll b (Chl b), Total Chlorophyll, Relative water content, Grain yield, Number pods per, Seed weight, Seeds per pod and Days to 50 % flowering under the three water stress conditions. The grain yield in normally irrigated condition (2191.3 kg ha-1) was 60 % higher than in high water stress condition (866.2 kg ha-1), while in the low water stress condition (1078.3 kg ha-1), the reduction in grain yield was 50.8 %. There were significant genotype by environment showing that the genotypes behaved differently under the different growing conditions. Results suggested that Gadra, KE 4, ZM 4488, and SER 180 were water stress tolerant while the SER 89, CAR-ZAR, KE 3 and SER 76 were water stress sensitive genotypes. These results suggest that a selection method based on 100 SW, Chl a, Chl b, and NPP can be used in breeding for bean genotypes to water stress.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131218390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of MHC Alleles Associated With Disease Resistance/Susceptibility In Smallholder Cattle In Zambia","authors":"I. Silwamba, M. Simuunza, J. Ndebe, E. Simulundu, G. Mainda, J. Muma","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.5.1.494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.5.1.494","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The occurrence of Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles associated with resistance to Mastitis, Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV), Theileriosis, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and susceptibility Dermatophilosis in African cattle is ill defined. Methods: Here, we used manual annotation to screen for five MHC alleles previously known to be associated with resistance/susceptibility to these diseases from a database of alleles sequenced from 846 cattle in Zambia. Results: Overall, we found 28 (3.3%), 21 (2.6%), 55 (6.5%), and 15 (1.8%) animals with resistance alleles to Mastitis, BLV, Theileriosis, FMD and 39 (4.6%) animals with susceptibility alleles to Dermatophilosis, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence of resistance/susceptibility alleles in smallholder cattle in Zambia and the data could aid strategies for breeding cattle with enhanced resistance to disease in endemic countries.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133124929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio- Psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse: A study of Lusaka Central Prison Child sexual abuse convicts","authors":"Zowe Tembo, Dabbie Nabuzoka, Paul Ravi","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.4.4.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.4.396","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives and Study Design: with the view of examining the socio-psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse among child sexual abuse convicts, a study was conducted in Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia at Lusaka Central Prison also commonly known as Chimbokaila prison between January 2015 - July 2017. The scientific objectives of this study were to identify the background characteristics of convicts who are in jail for child sexual offenses; to establish the psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse among convicts; to explore the social correlates associated with child sexual abuse among convicts; to explore the social correlates associated with child sexual abuse among convicts and to establish the relationship between experiences of convicts in prison and behavioural intensions with regards to child sexual re-offending. 30 male child sexual abuse convicts were assessed for personality disorders and were interviewed to realize some of the social factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse. Results: Results of the DSMI IV criteria checklist showed that 24 respondents did not have a personality disorder while 6 respondents had a personality disorder. From the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory 4 (MMPI- IV) showed that 10 participants had a personality disorder, while 20 participants did not have a personality disorder. Results obtained from social correlates associated with child sexual abuse were: misleading physical appearances and substance misuse. With regards to marital status, there was no statistical relationship between child sexual abuse and marital status. It was also found that there is no statistical relationship between child sexual abuse and alcohol consumption. It was also found that the respondents who took alcohol before imprisonment were more than those that did not. Most child sexual perpetrators were not sexually abused as children, those who were sexually abused as children were very few Percent and frequency distribution of respondents by age group was; age group 25-30 recorded 3 the highest frequency of 36.7%, followed by age group of 20-25 with 23.3%. Percent and frequency distribution of the respondents by marital status; of the total respondents 40 percent (n=12) were single and 46.7 percent (n=14) were married, divorced participants and others had an equal share of percentage at 6.7 percent (n=2). Conclusions: Put together the results suggest that the majority of participants did not have a personality disorder, in regards to Psychological factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse. Whereas a lot of common themes (most participants abused alcohol before imprisonment, were physically abused and not sexually abused in their childhood) were realized for social factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse, However for background characteristics it was found that most child sexual abusers were within their mid-twenties and most of them were single with a","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127496929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Varietiesunder Water Regimes and Nitrogen Rates","authors":"M. Sakumona, D. Lungu, K. Munyinda","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.4.3.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.3.398","url":null,"abstract":"The high cost of supplying water and nitrogen is reducing the planted hectarage and restricting the production of spring wheat among wheat growers in Zambia. A field experiment was carried to determine the performance of twelve common spring wheat varieties when subjected to water regimes and nitrogen application rates at Nanga Irrigation Research Station in Mazabuka in 2011 winter season. The experiment was performed as a Split-split in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Water regimes (100%, 75% and 50% crop water requirements (CWR)) were considered as the main factor, nitrogen rates (80, 160 and 240 Kg N ha-1) as sub-factor and variety (Nduna, Shine, Sekuru, Sahai I, Loerie II, Pungwa, Choza, UNZA I, UNZA II, Mampolyo, Nseba and Coucal) as sub-sub factor. Grain yield, spike length, above ground biomass, plant height, thousand kernel weight,harvest index, spikelets per spike and number of grains per spike were measured. Results: Mampolyo, Nduna and Pungwa significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and highest grain yield of 6,473, 6,494 and 6,395 kg ha-1, respectively at 100% CWR and lowest nitrogen rate. At 50% CWR and optimum nitrogen rate, Loerie II (5,351kg ha-1) and Sahai I (6,086kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and highest yields. At 75% CWR and 160 kg N ha-1, Mampolyo (5,703kg ha-1) and Sekuru (5,325kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and the highest yields and 75% CWR and 80 kg N ha-1,Nseba (5,667kg ha-1), Shine (5,224kg ha-1) and Choza (5,559kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05)produced the same and highest grain yields. The optimum and low level of either water on nitrogen or vice versa and 80 kg N ha-1 with 75% CWR offers wide options for spring wheat variety choice for wheat production. Conclusion: It was concluded that farmers could select some varieties with high grain yields based on the input combination suiting their capacity and increase on planted hectarage and ultimately wheat production.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115348733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of East Coast Fever in the Copperbelt and Central Provinces of Zambia","authors":"David M Chabala, M. Simuunza, B. Namangala","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.4.3.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.3.400","url":null,"abstract":"East Coast fever (ECF) is an infectious tick-borne disease of cattle, caused by a protozoan parasite Theileria parva. It is a disease of major economic importance in Zambia as it is the main cause of cattle morbidity and mortality. Despite its economic importance, the epidemiology of ECF in Zambia is poorly understood, thereby making ECF prevention and control difficult. Further, there is limited published literature on this disease in Zambia, with little available research concentrating on Southern and Eastern provinces. Such literature is mostly based on serological techniques such as indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) which have limited sensitivity and specificity. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of ECF in Copperbelt and Central provinces of Zambia. The study was cross-sectional in design. Multistage cluster sampling was used involving district, veterinary camp, herd and individual animals. The provinces and districts were selected based on their vast potential for livestock production and the previously reported incidence of ECF. From each district, two veterinary camps were randomly selected. From each camp, herds were randomly selected from which individual animals were randomly sampled. Samples were collected from Mpongwe and Masaiti districts (Copperbelt province) and Kapiri Mposhi and Chibombo districts (Central province). Samples were examined for the presence of schizonts on Giemsa stained lymph smears. The lymph smear examinations revealed that 6.4% (95%, CI=4.9-7.9) of the samples were positive for T. parva schizonts. In Central province, the overall prevalence was 6.7% (95%, CI=4.0-8.2), while in the Copperbelt province it was 6.1% (95%, CI=4.0-8.2). Among the districts in these provinces, Kapiri Mposhi did not record any schizont positive cattle, while Masaiti recorded 2.4% (95%, CI=0.5-4.3). Mpongwe had a prevalence of 9.7% (95%, CI=6.0-13.4) and Chibombo had the highest prevalence at 13.6% (95%, CI=9.4-17.9). Risk factors that were identified to be associated with ECF were the district, frequency of veterinary service provision, tick control frequency, age and previous experience of ECF. The results indicate that ECF is prevalent in Copperbelt and Central provinces and hindering livestock production. There is hence the need for concerted efforts to control ticks and prevent ECF transmission through farmer sensitization, routine, regular, mandatory and supervised dipping and spraying of cattle and stringent livestock movement control.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130655656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Night- Time Chronotherapy With Diuretics: Effect On Sleep Quality And Duration In Patients With Hypertension In Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"David Band, T. L. Muungo, N. Lambwe","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.4.3.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.3.399","url":null,"abstract":"Poor sleep plays an important role in the prevalence of hypertension. It increases the prevalence rate to 60%. The night-time dosing of blood pressure-lowering drugs has yielded positive results. Scholars have rarely investigated the relationship between night-time dosing of diuretics and the quality of sleep. The study aimed at evaluating the quality and duration of sleep while on night-time dosing of diuretics and determine the commonly used blood pressure-lowering medication at University Teaching Hospital. The study was a Prospective Cohort Study with 12 weeks of follow-up. The sample consisted of 46 patients with hypertension and on a diuretic, 25 of whom were taking their medication in the evening at 10 PM (study group), and 18 were in the 10 AM dosing schedule as a control. Overall, 43 were included in the analysis. Baseline and follow-up at 2, 8 and 12 Sleep quality and duration, and blood pressure level were available for 43 (93.5%) individuals. The study recruited more women (76.1%) and the majority were on hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride combination (65.2%). The 10 PM dosing showed better quality of sleep and duration, and blood pressure-lowering as the follow-up continued with a p-value of less than 0.05 for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and for the blood pressure-lowering at 12 weeks. The study showed beneficial effects of 10 PM dosing of diuretics in hypertensive patients and the diuretic effect does not affect the quality and duration of sleep. Further, 10 PM dosing lowers the blood pressure significantly compared with 10 AM.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116721430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of the Alvarado Scoring System in Patients Undergoing Appendicectomy at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka","authors":"Songiso Mutumba, J. Mulundika","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.4.2.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.2.441","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of the Alvarado scoring system as a tool for diagnosing acute appendicitis has been associated with a reduction of negative appendicectomies. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Alvarado scoring system at predicting acute appendicitis in patients undergoing appendicectomy at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH). Methods: A prospective study was done to evaluate the diagnostic value of the Alvarado score in patients undergoing appendicectomy at the UTH. Data was collected from the participants diagnosed with acute appendicitis and undergoing appendicectomy. The Alvarado scores for all the participants enrolled into the study were tabulated and correlated with the histopathology results. The sensitivity and the specificity of the Alvarado score was determined and used to construct the ROC curve using the SPSS version 20. The area under the curve was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Alvarado score in this study. Setting: The University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Results: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Alvarado score the ROC curve test was run in SPSS version 20. The results showed that the area under the curve was C=0.842 with SE=0.047 and 95% CI from 0.750 to 0.934. The area under the curve represents the probability that the Alvarado score result for a randomly chosen positive case will exceed the result for a randomly chosen negative case. It shows from the ROC that the Alvarado score is a good indicator to anticipate acute appendicitis. In other words, these results have confirmed that the Alvarado scoring system has very high predictive ability to discriminate acute appendicitis from normal appendix subjects. Conclusion: The use of the Alvarado scoring system as a tool for diagnosing acute appendicitis at UTH will reduce the rate of negative appendicectomies. This will lead to a reduction in unnecessary operations, which are a burden on the health care system.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130872709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated With Renal Dysfunction in HIV Positive Paediatric Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at the Paediatric Centre of Excellence of the University Teaching Hospital, in Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"Mabvuto K. Zimba, J. Chipeta, C. Kankasa","doi":"10.53974/UNZA.JABS.4.2.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/UNZA.JABS.4.2.392","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of children living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), little is known about the prevalence of HIV related kidney disease in these children despite the recognition of HIV infection as a strong risk factor for kidney disease. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with renal dysfunction in HIV positive paediatric patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy at the Paediatric Centre of Excellence (PCOE) of the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the PCOE of the UTH in Lusaka, Zambia. Enrolment of all eligible participants was from April to September 2014. The Inclusion criteria were patients aged 18 months to 16 years who consented or and assented to the study and were on HAART. Renal dysfunction was defined as at least abnormal renal laboratory values in at least 1 of 3 measures of proteinuria, serum creatinine or Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) 60mL/min/1.73m2 for the age and height-adjusted value as defined by The Kidney Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 on two occasions. A file review and clinical evaluation was done by the study physician to determine the factors associated with renal dysfunction. Blood was drawn for CD4 count, Haemoglobin (HB), Creatinine and Urine was taken for dipstick urinalysis. Results: Of the 209 participants enrolled in this cross-sectional study, 105(50.2%) were females. This study found a prevalence of 8.1% (CI=5.0-12.5), of renal dysfunction among paediatric HIV patients, followed up at PCOE. Children aged 13 and above had on average 23 times greater odds for renal dysfunction [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 23.76, and 95% confidence interval (CI) = (5.30 – 106.53), P-value <0.01] compared to children under 13 years old. Children receiving nephrotoxic HAART had on average 6 times greater odds for renal dysfunction [OR=5.55, CI= (1.57 – 19.65), P-value = 0.01] compared to children receiving Non-Nephrotoxic HAART. Conclusion: The prevalence of renal dysfunction among paediatric HIV infected patients followed up at the PCOE at UTH in Lusaka Zambia is 8.1%, at 95% CI= (5.0-12.5) and associated factors include an increase in age and nephrotoxic HAART.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131090939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}