University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Viral Load Suppression among HIV-1 Infected Children Aged 5 to 12 Years on Once Daily Versus Twice Daily Abacavir-Containing Regimens at University Teaching Hospitals - Children’s Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"Mukumbi Mutenda, Mukuka Mwamba, Derrick Munkombwe, Patrick Kaonga","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.3.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.3.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Abacavir is one of the first-line drugs used to treat HIV infection in paediatric patients in Zambia, whose use in children has not been widely published. This study compared the virologic response of abacavir given as part of a once-daily regimen with the response when given as part of a twice-daily regimen. A total of eighty-two children aged two to twelve years currently receiving antiretroviral therapy at the Paediatric Centre of Excellence, University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia, were observed in the study. This was a prospective cohort study. All the children were initially on twice daily abacavir containing regimen with lamivudine twice daily and efavirenz once daily, with 40 maintained on this regimen by the attending clinician and 42 switched to once-daily abacavir, lamivudine and efavirenz by the attending clinician. Profiles were obtained for each child to compare viral load at baseline and week 24. Data was analysed using Stata Version 16.The proportion of children with undetectable viral load in the once-daily group at twenty-four weeks was 64.3 per cent compared to 72.5 per centin the twice-daily group. Twice-daily dosing reduced the odds of achieving an undetectable viral load by about 59 per cent, while being male reduced the odds of achieving an undetectable HIV viral load by 19.6 per cent. Baseline haemoglobin, creatinine, or alanine transferase levels were not predictors of viral load suppression.The study suggests that once-daily dosing of an abacavir-containing regimen achieved a lower viral suppression rate when compared to twice-daily dosing. It is recommended that once-daily dosing of abacavir containing regimen should be considered as a dosing option for Zambian children living with HIV.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129549816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the impact of Livestock Farming on the Environment in Morocco: A case of Enteric Methane","authors":"Fatima Zahra Laabouri","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.3.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.3.1020","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to test the effect of natural additives on enteric methane emissions and animal performances. facial mask system was used to measure the methane emissions before and after adding additives to the animals feed. The results showed a small but significant (p<5%) effect on methane emission when using sunflower oil, with a reduction of 8.1 per cent. A product rich in thyme essential oils resulted in an average reduction of 21 per cent in the amount of enteric methane emitted, showed highly significant results (p< 0.01) on live weight gain in fattening bulls, with means of 1.55 ± 0.058 kg for the control group vs 1.88 ± 0.177 kg for the group that received the additive. The same additive showed an increase in daily milk production in all cows receiving the additive compared to the control cows. The results of the average amounts of milk produced per litre per day were statistically significant (p< 0.05), with averages of 15.38±1.32 l/d for the control group and 19.17±1.96 l/d for the group with the additive. The trials undertaken during this study allowed us to verify the interest and the relevance of using the tested natural feed additives, not only for the decrease of enteric methane emission and the preservation of the environment but also for its beneficial effects on cattle production.More research should be conducted on natural feed additives to assess their effects on reducing enteric methane emissions, while improving animals performances.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123727364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using culture results from hands and razor blades to sensitise traditional birth attendants on infection prevention practices","authors":"Dorothy Chinwendu Chanda, S. Siziya","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.1.832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.1.832","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background This study was prompted because of concerns about high infection rates among clients of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in Chongwe district in Zambia. One factor that may contribute to infection rates is the lack of awareness about the potential sources of infections due to inadequate or lack of hand washing and use of dirty equipment in tying and cutting the umbilical cord during deliveries among TBAs. This article describes findings from one component of a multi-phased study on Infection Prevention Knowledge and Practices of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) from 2006- 2012 The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of the swabbing and culturing activity as one component of a larger TBA educational intervention, and to share the results that suggest the effectiveness of this strategy in sensitizing TBAs to the importance of hand washing and using clean razor blades. Material and Methods. Poor hand washing and cutting the cord using traditional practices were identified during the needs assessment phase of the study. The study included two activities within the training programme for TBAs using a modified Ministry of Health (MoH) TBA Training Curriculum. One component of this curriculum involved sensitizing the TBAs on two poor infection prevention practices - poor hand washing, and cutting babies’ umbilical cords using any dirty rusted sharp instrument after tying with traditional ‘ulushishi’(fibre from inside of a tree bark). These practices cause maternal and infant morbidities. The researcher swabbed and cultured the TBAs’ hands and razor blades that were in their Clean Delivery Kits (CDKs), and subsequently shared the culture results with the TBAs. The seventy-eight (78) out of one hundred (100) intervention TBAs, whose right hands were swabbed for laboratory analysis, were chosen by simple random probability sampling. The training had both theoretical and practical components. They were trained in four groups of twenty-five TBAs in each group. The bacteriological screenings of ordinary razor blades found in CDKS were done on 26/09/07 and 02/10/07. The activities involved swabbing, culturing, isolating and identifying micro-organisms and the results were shared with the entire group. The main study was quasi-experimental supplemented by focus group discussions thus making it a mixed method to potentiate the quality of data collection Results The results showed no growth on the six razor blades after 48 hours incubation thus proving their sterility. The results from the hand swabbing showed one-hundred and seven (107) isolates that have the potential to infect mothers and babies during the birthing process. This result convinced the TBAs on the importance of hand washing. This was evidenced after the post-course as the proportion of TBAs who wash their hands before delivering their clients among the intervention group was significantly different (p<0.001) compared to control group (52) 48.6% and (100) 100%). T","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123297649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaposi’s Sarcoma Trends in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Zambia","authors":"Lubinda Mukololo, Lorenda Temwani Phiri, Memory Chisha, Florence Mwaba, Rabecca Tembo, M. Zulu","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.3.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.3.978","url":null,"abstract":"AIDS-related Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) is a multi-centric angiogenic neoplastic proliferation predominantly seen in individuals with Human Immune Virus (HIV-1) infection and men who have sex with men. Although the incidences of aggressive KS have reduced following the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in the treatment of HIV infection, the effect of HAART rollout in relation to population KS incidence in Zambia remains unclear as cases of the malignancy have continued to be reported. This study, investigated the trends of KS in the era of HAART in Zambia. The researchers conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. Three hundred and twentycases of HIV-infected individuals on HAART that developed KS between 2008 and 2017 were reviewed. Data was retrieved from the Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR). Of the records reviewed, the researchers observed a sharp increase in KS cases from 5.6 per cent in 2008 to 21.2 per cent in 2014; from 2015 to 2017, there was a general decline in KS cases countrywide in both sexes from 13.1 per cent to 9.4 per cent. KS was more prevalent in Lusaka Province, while Western Province had the least number of cases. For each province, there were more males affected by KS than females. The researchers further observed that 19.1 per cent of the cases reviewed developed KS while on HAART, while 80.9 per cent developed KS before the commencement of HAART. The age group with the highest number of KS cases was 21-40 years, while the age group ≥ 80 had the least number of cases. Our data has shown that although there has been a general decline in KS cases across the ten provinces of Zambia in recent years, more efforts are still required to mitigate AIDS-related KS incidence and improve KS prognosis. There is a need to encourage efforts aimed at HIV infection prevention, wide coverage of HAART across the country, and KS awareness and screening.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124634572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of graded levels of Sorghum bicolor on proximate composition, lipid oxidation, microbial load and sensory properties of rabbit meat floss","authors":"O. Adediran","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.3.977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.3.977","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers are increasingly seeking healthier and more sustainable meat products. Rabbit meat is generally considered a healthier alternative to red meat because of its low fat and cholesterol content. However, people accustomed to consuming red meat may find it less visually appealing because of its pale appearance. Plants rich in beneficial phytochemicals like Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum) have been used to impart desirable colouration and sensory properties to processed foods. In this study, Rabbit Meat Floss (RMF) was prepared with graded levels of powdered sorghum stalks thus: Treatment 1/Control (RMF +0% Sorghum), Treatment 2 (RMF+ 1% Sorghum), Treatment 3 (RMF+2% Sorghum) and Treatment 4 (RMF+3% Sorghum). The RMF were analysed for Yield (%), Microbial load (logCFU/g), Lipid oxidation (mgMDA/kg), Proximate composition (%), and Sensory properties at intervals of 0, 10, and 20 days. The RMF analysed on days 10 and 20 were packed in Ziploc bags and kept at room temperature. The experimental design was completely randomised, and all analyses were done in triplicates. All treatments with Sorghum inclusion had higher yields than the Control, with Treatment 3 (RMF+2% Sorghum) having the highest yield (107.98). All RMF with sorghum had higher crude protein than the control. Treatment 2 (RMF+1% sorghum) had the highest crude protein at days 0 (50.67) and 20 (47.85). Ash content was also higher in RMF with sorghum, and Treatment 4(RMF+3% Sorghum) had the highest values at days 0 (9.00) and 20 (8.49). At day 0, Treatment 3 (RMF+2% Sorghum) was rated highest in tenderness (7.00) while Treatment 2 (RMF+1% Sorghum) was rated highest in juiciness, and Treatment 4 (RMF+3%Sorghum) rated highest in colour (8.10). On day 20, all RMFs with sorghum had higher colour scores, with Treatment 4 (RMF+3%Sorghum) having the highest score (8.10). There were no significant differences in microbial load during the study. The inclusion of Sorghum bicolor in rabbit meat floss significantly improved its crude protein and ash content. It also improved visual appeal, while overall acceptability was not severely comprised up to twenty days of storage.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116189268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impacts of Land Use Land Cover Change In Mutama Bweengwa Catchment 0f Southern Province, Zambia","authors":"Stephen Lungomesha, L. Chabala","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.933","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and land use land cover directly impact the alteration of hydrological cycles, making water more unpredictable and increasing the frequency and intensity of floods and droughts. However, proper planning of adaptation and mitigation options is hampered by inadequate up-to- date information on land use/Land cover in many catchments and sub-catchments of Zambia and other developing countries. This study assessed the land use change in the Mutama Bweengwa River Catchment of Southern Zambia. The objective of the study was to investigate land use land cover changes (LULCC) in the Mutama Bweengwa Catchment in the Southern Province of Zambia from 2000 to 2021. The data used for the study were satellite images of the area downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Specifically, the Landsat images were from path 172/row 71 and path 172/row 72 for the period 2000, 2007, 2014 and 2021. The methods used included data identification and acquisition, image pre-processing, image processing, accuracy assessment, validation and presentation. Image pre- processing was used to correct distortions during image acquisition. The techniques used were: image enhancement for extracting useful information, which involved carrying out band combination and brightness and contrast adjustment when conducting the mosaicking process using ERDAS imagine 2014. Supervised classification based on the maximum likelihood algorithm in ERDAS Imagine was employed to generate the land use land cover classification and later exported in ArcMap 10.7.1 for map creation. The image classification was based on six different LULC classes, which were: water body, build-up/settlement, forest, cultivated land- rainfed/bare land, cultivated land-irrigated, and grasslands. Preliminary results of this study have shown a decrease in the classes of water bodies and forest areas by 0.34% and 55.5%, respectively, over the 21-year period. The accuracy of the resultant land use/land cover maps was evaluated with the kappa statistic and error matrix. The preliminary results have also shown an increase in the land use land cover class categories of cultivated land-irrigated, grassland, cultivated land-rain fed/bare land and built up/settlements by 0.13%, 46.7%, 14.6% and 8.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the supervised classification of the Landsat images indicated pronounced land cover changes over the 21-year period. Although this provides preliminary conclusions, it indicates that immediate actions should be taken to protect the sub-catchment from further loss of land cover by strengthening the regulatory framework. Further work on the project is expected to bring out some of the factors that have contributed to this change.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121064432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Brucellosis Through the Consumption of Contaminated Raw Cow Milk in Arusha, Tanzania","authors":"E. M. Ndaki, J. Muma, Ethel M’kandawire, Grace Musawa, Mercy Mukuma, Ezron Karimuribo, Mkuzi Banda, Vistorina Benhard, Musso Munyeme, C. Mumba","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.915","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at assessing the risk of exposure to brucellosis through the consumption of cow milk in the Arusha region, Tanzania. Primary data related to milk consumption was collected through a structured questionnaire from 400 cattle farmers. Data was directly coded and entered into IBM SPSS version 20 and analysed for frequencies and descriptive statistics. Stochastic Monte Carlo simulation in @ risk Software (Version 8.1) platform was used to estimate the risk of human exposure to brucellosis through the consumption of contaminated milk. Results revealed that 96.5% of the population consumed milk in three (3) portions: morning, afternoon, and night. More than 70% of the people in the area consume 500ml-1000ml of milk daily. People in rural settings (71%) reported consuming raw milk, compared to 10% of people in urban settings. The probability of getting infected with Brucella through the consumption of raw milk was estimated at 0.64 (95%CI 0.333-0.861). The model also predicted the number of people likely to get infected with Brucella in Arusha region in a one-year consumption period to be 1,084,358 (95%CI: 565,000-1458,000), out of 1,694,310 people following consumption of contaminated raw milk. The risk of exposure was estimated to be high when dairy cows were infected with Brucella at the farm and when the milk portions were consumed raw. The risk of human exposure to the Brucella pathogen is high. To reduce the risk of human exposure, there is a need to create awareness about brucellosis in the study communities concerning how the disease is transmitted to humans, its associated effects, and the preventive and control measures. Further studies are required to assess the risk of exposure to brucellosis through other pathways such as the consumption of soft cheese and contact with cattle.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115595993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deterministic risk assessment of the human exposure to Cadmium, Lead and Chromium through the consumption of well and bottled water in Lusaka District, Zambia","authors":"Mkuzi Banda, J. Muma, Ethel M’kandawire, Mercy Mukuma, Musso Munyeme, Grace Musawa, E. M. Ndaki, Vistorina Benhard, C. Mumba","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.914","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Number Six is to ‘Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’, which is an essential component for human survival. Access to safe drinking water is essential for health, a basic human right and a component of effective policy for health protection. Safe drinking water implies that the water does not represent any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages. However, water is prone to contamination with heavy metals through natural and anthropogenic sources, making it unsuitable for human consumption due to the cumulative potential risks associated with the presence of heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of human exposure to cadmium, lead and chromium through the consumption of well and bottled water in Lusaka district of Zambia. Secondary data was used to determine the mean concentrations of heavy metals in well and bottled water in Lusaka District and to calculate the hazard index (non-carcinogenic risk) and cancer risk for the metals under study. The results revealed that a hazard index for cadmium, lead and chromium in both well and bottled water was higher than 1, indicating adverse effects on human health over a lifetime of consumption. Similarly, the total cancer risk through exposure to cadmium and chromium in well and bottled water was 1.2 x 10-1 and 2.25 x 10-1, respectively, higher than the safe threshold limit set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) of 1 × 10−4. The study concludes that there is a possible non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to cadmium, lead and chromium through the consumption of well and bottled water in Lusaka District. Further, the study concludes that there is a possible carcinogenic risk of exposure to cadmium and chromium through the consumption of both well and bottled water. Owing to the proportion of both well and bottled water samples that exceeded the Zambia Bureau of Standards threshold limit, cadmium poses the greatest concern and requires intervention to reduce exposure. Therefore, it is recommended that heavy metal concentrations in drinking water should be periodically monitored to minimise health risks to consumers.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116860152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the non-monetary societal burden of Tick-borne diseases for cattle: A case study of East Coast Fever in the traditional cattle-keeping households of Namwala District of Zambia","authors":"Natasha J. Mwila, C. Mumba, Karen Sichibalo, E. Simulundu, Katendi Changula, S. Chitanga","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.877","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to estimate the disease burden of East Coast fever (ECF) among rural cattle-keeping households of Namwala District of Zambia using Productivity Adjusted Life Years(PALYs). We modified Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) equations for humans to PALYs to estimate the societal burden of tick-borne animal diseases. We used a structured questionnaire to collect data on parameters that feed into PALY equations. We coded and entered data from questionnaires directly into Statistical Package of Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Version 20) and entered the estimated values of PALY parameters into Mathematical Calculus Software called integral calculator (https://www.integral-calculator.com/). We then used the integral calculator to calculate PALY equations, which we used to estimate the societal disease burden of ECF in cattle. PALYs calculations were done in three categories; PALYs without discounting and age weighting, PALYs with only discounting, and PALYs with discounting and age weighting. Results revealed that the years of productivity lost by a cow, bull, and ox that suffered from ECF were estimated at 15, 10, and 15 years, respectively. In the second category, the years of productivity lost by a cow, bull, and ox were seven, six, and seven years, respectively. In the final category, the years of productivity lost by a cow, bull, and ox were five years. ECF caused a total of 517,165 PALYs in Namwala District. The quality of life reduced in years due to disability (YLD) caused by ECF per cow, bull, and ox was 0.07, 0.07, and 0.02 percent of their life expectancy, respectively. The estimated values for the years of a lifetime lost due to mortality (YLL) caused by ECF were 35%, 49%, and 35% of the life expectancy per cow, bull, and ox. These results are essential for measuring outcomes of animal health problems in terms of PALYs. The findings are helpful in future projections for the future burden of any disease and can be used as a basis in policy-making and decision-making, particularly priorities in animal health research. We recommend that a classification of animal diseases of national economic importance should consider both the societal burden (non-monetary) and economic impact instead of the common practice of only considering the economic (monetary) impact.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133156091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for the domestication of Aloe mzimbana in Zambia","authors":"Emmanuel L. Kapongolo, G. Kabwe, Patrick S. M. Phiri","doi":"10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.2.876","url":null,"abstract":"Chishimba Falls is one of the several waterfalls of aesthetic value and tourist attraction in Zambia, located on the Luombe River, which forms part of the Bangweulu Basin drainage system. The geomorphological nature of Chishimba Falls is such that it consists of two waterfalls called the Mutumuna and Chishimba and the Kaela Rapids. The Chishimba Falls Heritage Site covers an area of 777 hectares. It is surrounded by human settlements and residences for staff of the Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation and the Zambia National Service. Out of a total of 314 plant species recorded at this site, 138 species of flowering plants are of ethnobotanical value. Vegetation studies conducted at this heritage site generated an idea on the prospects to domesticate species of Aloe, particularly Aloe mzimbana, as a source of pharmaceutical compounds.","PeriodicalId":224135,"journal":{"name":"University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133473978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}