2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)最新文献

{"title":"A test bench for hybrid propulsion train research and development","authors":"M. Morandin, Davide Da Rù, S. Bolognani, M. Castiello","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056182","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a versatile laboratory test bench built up for carrying out researches and experimental tests about hybrid propulsion trains, without the availability of a real vehicle and an automotive test track. The test bench is realized by using a relatively low-power engine that can be combined with one or more electrical machines for emulating different hybrid architectures. In addition to the test bench structure, some examples of usage are also described in the paper.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116269284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a multi-phase inverter for low voltage high power electric vehicles","authors":"A. Patzak, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a compact multiphase inverter for use in low voltage high power electric vehicles. An electrical power of up to 360 kW at a DC link voltage below 60 V is spread over multiple phases in order to keep stress on switches within feasible limits. Requirements on switches, gate drivers and DC link capacitors are investigated. The integration with a novel electric machine type claims highly compact geometric design with ultra-low resistive and inductive paths. A comparison to state-of-the-art high voltage high power inverter components in terms of efficiency and cost is drawn. Exemplarily, investigations are carried out on a 60-phase inverter.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116295223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role and impact of coordinated EV charging on flexibility in low carbon power systems","authors":"I. Pavić, T. Capuder, N. Holjevac, I. Kuzle","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056172","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the impact of Electric Vehicle (EV) integration into different power systems and their flexibility potential in mitigating the uncertainty and variability of renewable energy sources (RES) generation. The problem is cast as Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) unit commitment, modelling different generation mix/technologies over a number of scenarios. The results, as expected, show that different EV charging strategies have different impacts on power system operation and unit scheduling. In addition, the analyses support the premises that the greater number of EVs, with coordinated charging strategies, can have environmental benefits in terms of reducing CO2 emissions in addition to reducing wind curtailment and system operation costs. These benefits are more obvious in low flexible power systems characterized by dominantly thermal power plants, while they are less pronounced in balanced hydro thermal systems.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116479055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution network congestion management by means of electric vehicle smart charging within a multi-microgrid environment","authors":"G. Del-Rosario-Calaf, M. Cruz-Zambrano, C. Corchero, R. Gumara-Ferret","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056174","url":null,"abstract":"The work presented in this paper aims to assess the impact of electric vehicle (EV) on distribution networks. An study is performed showing how the network impact can dramatically change if applying smart charging strategies opportunely integrated with other distributed energy resources (DER) with respect to a less-smart baseline operation. This paper focuses on the resolution of network constraints -voltage level violations in the short term, i.e. maintaining reliability and quality of service at transmission and distribution system operator (TSO and DSO) levels. A Spanish case study is derived in this work to obtain realistic network conditions within a 24-hour time horizon and one network reconfiguration is applied causing voltage level violations near a low voltage (LV) network including EV microgrids. The DSO then activates the available flexibility capacity of such microgrids in order to remove such violations. This case study is implemented in an experimental laboratory test and results are discussed regarding the impact of this congestion management strategy on the network and also real power flow and communication aspects.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114770355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well-to-wheel analysis and measurement of energy use and greenhouse gas and criteria emissions in a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle: the EcoCAR 2 case study","authors":"Katherine Bovee, G. Rizzoni, S. Midlam-Mohler, Matthew Yard, M. Yatsko","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056162","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a detailed well-to-wheel analysis of energy use, greenhouse gas and criteria emissions for a prototype Parallel-Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) developed as part of the EcoCAR 2 competition. The EcoCAR 2 team at the Ohio State University (OSU) has designed Parallel-Series Vehicle (PHEV) capable of 67 km all-electric range, which features a l8.9-kWh lithium-ion battery pack with range extending operation in both series and parallel modes made possible by a l.8-L ethanol (E85) engine and a 6-speed automated manual transmission. The vehicle also has two 8OkW peak electric machines, one on the front axle and one on the rear axle, that enable the vehicle to have an all-electric 4WD operating mode. The OSU vehicle is designed to reduce fuel consumption, with a utility factor-weighted fuel economy of 5.19 L/100km gasoline equivalent, while meeting the EPAs Tier II Bin 5 emissions standards. Over the course of the three year competition, the Ohio State team of approximately 40 students designed, built and tested their Parallel-Series PHEV. In addition to the mechanical and electrical fabrication work, the team also developed their own control code for the engine, transmission and supervisory controllers using Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) techniques. The EcoCAR 2 competition and the Ohio State teams participation in it were made possible through support from the U.S. Department of Energy, General Motors, The Ohio State University, and numerous competition and local sponsors. The analysis presented in this paper is based on road data collected before, during and after the EcoCAR2 competition. The OSU vehicle finished in first place in the competition, demonstrating a fully functional PHEV that achieved significant improvements in fuel economy, and in greenhouse gas and criteria emissions. This paper illustrates the application of analysis methods developed by Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate well-to-wheel energy and emissions performance, and compares these methods with the current procedures in use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and by the European Union (EU) to establish fuel economy and emissions labels for production vehicles.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127922185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent provision of frequency regulation and overvoltage support by electric vehicles in a real Danish low voltage network","authors":"K. Knezović, M. Marinelli, P. B. Andersen, C. Træholt","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056099","url":null,"abstract":"Expected deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) introduces big technical challenges for power system operation, but also offers advantages provided that EVs are not considered merely as passive loads. With the development of Vehicle-to-Grid technology, EVs will be able to provide a number of ancillary services for grid support, e.g. implemented electronic equipment will allow them to exchange reactive power with the grid for voltage regulation while using active power for other services. This paper investigates the concurrent provision of local and system wide services from EVs in a real Danish low voltage network with high penetration of photovoltaic installations (PVs). The main focus is potential reactive power support when EV provision of frequency regulation coincides with PV production. Furthermore, the paper evaluates benefits of overvoltage support and addresses the issue of increased loading. The analysed network has been modelled in Matlab SimPowerSystems and is based on real hourly metered data from a Danish MV/LV substation with numerous households.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131931176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using electric vehicles to improve building energy sustainability","authors":"Emilio Ancillotti, R. Bruno, E. Crisostomi, M. Tucci","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056163","url":null,"abstract":"A (nearly) zero-energy building (ZEB) is a building that roughly consumes the same amount of energy on an annual basis that the amount of renewable energy created on site. This paper tries to investigate to which extent Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) that are able to deliver part of their battery capacity to the residential appliances can allow ZEBs to operate in a truly self-sustainable fashion, i.e., minimising the amount of energy exchanged with the outer grid. Special emphasis is given to study the effect of the limited PEV owners' cooperation that is due to the need of guaranteeing a preset driving range, as well as the capability of fixed batteries to compensate for low PEV owners' cooperation.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130853692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheel slip reset controller in automotive brake systems","authors":"E. Delgado, A. Barreiro, M. Díaz-Cacho, Pablo Falcón","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056103","url":null,"abstract":"The use of new technologies in brake systems, allows to generate independent brake forces at each wheel by slip controllers. The aim of these controllers is to provide certain degree of slip on each wheel independently, maximizing the friction between the tire and road, avoiding simultaneously its lock. This paper investigates the application of reset control to the slip control in automotive brake systems. A reset controller is a standard linear controller that, at some instants, resets to zero its internal states (or part of the states). The reset instants are triggered by the event of zero crossing of the tracking error. It has been proven in many other applications (process control, teleoperation, motor drives etc.) that reset control is able to overcome linear limitations, that is, achieves time responses with good speed and damping properties, combined in a way that no other linear controller is able to produce. We investigate the addition of a reset integrator (Clegg integrator CI) to a PI used as slip controller. We have found by simulations that the PI+CI has superior performance and gives a better solution to the trade-off between speed and damping. The controller design is based on a simplified vehicle model, taking into account the interaction tireroad, actuator saturation and time-delay in the communications between local and central units. We check through simulations that the application of reset controllers instead of the conventional ones will allow an improvement on the robustness and performance of the system.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131438666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framework for the participation of EV aggregators in the electricity market","authors":"R. Bessa, M. Matos, F. Soares","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056228","url":null,"abstract":"The Electric Vehicle (EV) is one source of flexibility to the electric power system. When aggregated by a market agent, it can offer its flexibility in the balancing reserve market. In order to meet this goal, a framework of optimization and forecasting algorithms must designed to cover the different time horizons of the decision process. This paper describes a full framework for EV aggregators participating in different electricity market sessions. This framework is illustrated for the balancing reserve market and the impact of forecasts of different quality for the balancing reserve direction is evaluated. The test case consists in synthetic time series generated from real data for 3000 EV participating in the Iberian electricity market.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129384109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Component-based modeling and integration of automotive application architectures","authors":"K. Schorp, Stephan Sommer","doi":"10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEVC.2014.7056210","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of new propulsion technologies such as electric or hybrid drives imposes fundamental changes to the overall structure of the vehicle's electric and electronic system architecture. It also increases the need for cross-domain functionality, such as centralized energy management or the orchestration of mechanical braking and electric energy recuperation during deceleration. This leads to new challenges with respect to architecture development as interconnections between features are introduced that are not yet fully understood. The vehicle's system architecture evolves from towards a distributed multi-functional control system. Component oriented, model based approaches with multiple viewpoints have already proven being suitable in other domains to manage the dependencies between functionality by decomposing a system into a network of functional entities encapsulated in components. In this paper, we present a domain-specific component model to describe functional interdependencies as well as non-functional requirements needed to enable safe integration of software components in a centralized automotive ICT architecture. The model enables the composition of high-level functions and the definition of compatibility constraints. The approach is then applied to unveil feature interaction in a component architecture. This forms the foundation of a sound development and integration process for heavily interconnected functions. It also enables online product validation mechanisms to ensure functional integrity and safety as well as meeting of deployment constraints and timing requirements.","PeriodicalId":223794,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC)","volume":" 63","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132012533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}