The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Carbon Stars in LAMOST DR9 Based on Deep Learning","authors":"YiMing He, Zhong Cao, Hui Deng, Feng Wang, Ying Mei, Lei Tan","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad6261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad6261","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon stars play a crucial role in astronomical research and are significant for understanding stellar evolution, measuring cosmic distances, and studying galaxy kinematics. In recent years, identifying carbon stars using machine learning methods and traditional line-index methods has become a research hotspot, but there are still limitations regarding accuracy and automation. In this study, we propose to build a five-class model to identify carbon stars using spectral data from LAMOST DR9. The model achieved 99.45% precision and 91.21% recall on the carbon star testing set. We conducted independent tests using a sample of 1333 known carbon stars that were not used in the training and testing phases, and our model ultimately identified 1199 carbon stars. On this basis, we used this model to screen 11,226,252 spectra of LAMOST DR9 and identified 4383 carbon stars, including 1197 newly discovered carbon stars. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the 4383 carbon stars obtained, further visual inspection of these spectra was performed to provide more detailed carbon star subtypes.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AstroSR: A Data Set of Galaxy Images for Astronomical Superresolution Research","authors":"Jiawei Miao, Liangping Tu, Bin Jiang, Xiangru Li, Bo Qiu","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad61e4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad61e4","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, various sky surveys with a wide range of wavelengths have been conducted, resulting in an explosive growth of survey data. There may be overlapping regions between different surveys, but the data quality and brightness are different. The translation of data quality between different surveys provides benefits for studying the properties of galaxies in specific regions that high-quality surveys have not yet covered. In this paper, we create a data set for analyzing the quality transformation of different surveys, AstroSR, using the galaxy images from overlapping regions from the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In addition, we use superresolution (SR) techniques to improve the quality of low-resolution images in the AstroSR and explore whether the proposed data set is suitable for SR. We try four representative models: EDSR, RCAN, ENLCN, and SRGAN. Finally, we compare the evaluation metrics and visual quality of the above methods. SR models trained with AstroSR successfully generate HSC-like images from SDSS images, which enhance the fine structure present in the SDSS images while retaining important morphological information and increasing the brightness and signal-to-noise. Improving the resolution of astronomical images by SR can improve the size and quality of the sky surveys. The data set proposed in this paper provides strong data support for the study of galaxy SR and opens up new research possibilities in astronomy. The data set is available online at <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://github.com/jiaweimmiao/AstroSR\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://github.com/jiaweimmiao/AstroSR</ext-link>.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-Ray Winds in Nearby-to-distant Galaxies (X-WING). I. Legacy Surveys of Galaxies with Ultrafast Outflows and Warm Absorbers in z ∼ 0–4","authors":"Satoshi Yamada, Taiki Kawamuro, Misaki Mizumoto, Claudio Ricci, Shoji Ogawa, Hirofumi Noda, Yoshihiro Ueda, Teruaki Enoto, Mitsuru Kokubo, Takeo Minezaki, Hiroaki Sameshima, Takashi Horiuchi, Shoichiro Mizukoshi","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad5961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad5961","url":null,"abstract":"As an inaugural investigation under the X-ray Winds In Nearby-to-distant Galaxies (X-WING) program, we assembled a data set comprising 132 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) spanning redshifts <italic toggle=\"yes\">z</italic> ∼ 0–4 characterized by blueshifted absorption lines indicative of X-ray winds. Through an exhaustive review of previous research, we compiled the outflow parameters for 583 X-ray winds, encompassing key attributes such as outflow velocities (<italic toggle=\"yes\">V</italic>\u0000_out), ionization parameters (<italic toggle=\"yes\">ξ</italic>), and hydrogen column densities. By leveraging the parameters <italic toggle=\"yes\">V</italic>\u0000_out and <italic toggle=\"yes\">ξ</italic>, we systematically categorized the winds into three distinct groups: ultrafast outflows (UFOs), low-ionization parameter (low-IP) UFOs, and warm absorbers (WAs). Strikingly, a discernible absence of linear correlations in the outflow parameters, coupled with distributions approaching instrumental detection limits, was observed. Another notable finding was the identification of a velocity gap around <italic toggle=\"yes\">V</italic>\u0000_out ∼ 10,000 km s⁻¹. This gap was particularly evident in the winds detected via absorption lines within the ≲2 keV band, indicating disparate origins for low-IP UFOs and WAs. In cases involving Fe <sc>xxv</sc>/Fe <sc>xxvi</sc> lines, where the gap might be attributed to potential confusion between emission/absorption lines and the Fe K-edge, the possibility of UFOs and galactic-scale WAs being disconnected is considered. An examination of the outflow and dust sublimation radii revealed a distinction: UFOs appear to consist of dust-free material, whereas WAs likely comprise dusty gas. From 2024, the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission is poised to alleviate observational biases, providing insights into the authenticity of the identified gap, a pivotal question in comprehending AGN feedback from UFOs.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies in the IRAS and SDSS Surveys","authors":"Shaohua Zhang, Zhijian Luo, Xiheng Shi, Chenggang Shu, Hubing Xiao, Hongyan Zhou","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad5d75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad5d75","url":null,"abstract":"We present a comprehensive study of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), leveraging data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite Faint Source Catalogue and the spectroscopic catalog in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16. Our meticulous crossmatching technique significantly enhances the reliability of ULIRG identification, resulting in the identification of 283 reliable ULIRGs, including 102 new detections, while discarding 120 previously reported false sources. Covering a redshift range of <italic toggle=\"yes\">z</italic> = 0.018–0.996, with a median redshift of <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math>\u0000<?CDATA $bar{z}=0.259$?>\u0000</tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mover accent=\"true\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.259</mml:mn></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"apjsad5d75ieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>, our uniform sample reveals apparent interaction features in approximately 40% of ULIRGs, increasing to 92% for those with <italic toggle=\"yes\">z</italic> &lt; 0.1. Through optical spectra analysis, it is indicated that over 58% of ULIRGs host an active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is twice as high as detections based solely on infrared colors. Moreover, a pronounced excess of radio emissions associated with AGN activity results in a steeper radio–far-infrared correlation. Notably, Type I ULIRGs exhibit properties similar to those of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, with an elevated incidence rate of Mg <sc>ii</sc> broad absorption lines (16.7%), surpassing that of typical optically selected quasars by over tenfold, consistent with current evolutionary models. We anticipate that forthcoming telescopes such as the China Space Station Telescope and Leighton Chajnantor Telescope will provide deeper insights into ULIRG morphology, dust distribution, molecular gas, and AGN activity.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMBFSCNN: Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Foreground Subtraction with a Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Ye-Peng Yan, Si-Yu Li, Guo-Jian Wang, Zirui Zhang, Jun-Qing Xia","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad5c66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad5c66","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous study, we introduced a machine learning technique, namely Cosmic Microwave Background Foreground Subtraction with Convolutional Neural Networks (<monospace>CMBFSCNN</monospace>), for the removal of foreground contamination in cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization data. This method was successfully employed on actual observational data from the Planck mission. In this study, we extend our investigation by considering the CMB lensing effect in simulated data and utilizing the <monospace>CMBFSCNN</monospace> approach to recover the CMB lensing B-mode power spectrum from multifrequency observational maps. Our method is first applied to simulated data with the performance of the CMB-S4 experiment. We achieve reliable recovery of the noisy CMB <italic toggle=\"yes\">Q</italic> (or <italic toggle=\"yes\">U</italic>) maps with a mean absolute difference of 0.016 ± 0.008 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>K (or 0.021 ± 0.002 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>K) for the CMB-S4 experiment. To address the residual instrumental noise in the foreground-cleaned map, we employ a “half-split maps” approach, where the entire data set is divided into two segments sharing the same sky signal but having uncorrelated noise. Using cross-correlation techniques between two recovered half-split maps, we effectively reduce instrumental noise effects at the power spectrum level. As a result, we achieve precise recovery of the CMB EE and lensing B-mode power spectra. Furthermore, we also extend our pipeline to full-sky simulated data with the performance of the LiteBIRD experiment. As expected, various foregrounds are cleanly removed from the foregrounds contamination observational maps, and recovered EE and lensing B-mode power spectra exhibit excellent agreement with the true results. Finally, we discuss the dependency of our method on the foreground models.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross Observatory Coordination with tilepy: A Novel Tool for Observations of Multimessenger Transient Events","authors":"Monica Seglar-Arroyo, Halim Ashkar, Mathieu de Bony de Lavergne, Fabian Schüssler","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad5bde","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad5bde","url":null,"abstract":"Time-domain astrophysics has leaped forward with the direct discovery of gravitational waves and the emergence of new generation instruments for multimessenger studies. The capacity of the multimessenger multiwavelength community to effectively pursue follow-up observations is hindered by the suboptimal localization of numerous transient events and the escalating volume of alerts. Thus, we have developed an effective tool to overcome the observational and technical hurdles inherent in the emerging field of multimessenger astrophysics. We present <monospace>tilepy</monospace>, a Python package for the automatic scheduling of follow-up observations of poorly localized transient events. It is ideally suited to tackle the challenge of complex follow-up in mid- and small-field-of-view telescope campaigns, with or without human intervention. We demonstrate the capabilities of <monospace>tilepy</monospace> in the realm of multiobservatory, multiwavelength campaigns, to cover the localization uncertainty region of various events ultimately aiming at pinpointing the source of the multimessenger emission. The <monospace>tilepy</monospace> code is publicly available on GitHub and is sufficiently flexible to be employed either automatically or in a customized manner, tailored to collaboration and individual requirements. <monospace>tilepy</monospace> is also accessible via a public API and through the Astro-COLIBRI platform.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Imaging and Spectroscopic Exploration of the Dusty Compact Obscured Nucleus Galaxy Zw 049.057*","authors":"J. S. Gallagher, R. Kotulla, L. Laufman, E. Geist, S. Aalto, N. Falstad, S. König, J. Krause, G. C. Privon, C. Wethers, A. Evans and M. Gorski","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad55c9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad55c9","url":null,"abstract":"Zw 049.057 is a moderate-mass, dusty, early-type galaxy that hosts a powerful compact obscured nucleus (CON, LFIR,CON ≥ 1011L⊙). The resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope enabled measurements of the stellar light distribution and characterization of dust features. Zw 049.057 is inclined with a prominent three-zone disk; the R ≈ 1 kpc star-forming inner dusty disk contains molecular gas, a main disk with less dust and an older stellar population, and a newly detected outer stellar region at R > 6 kpc with circular isophotes. Previously unknown polar dust lanes are signatures of a past minor merger that could have warped the outer disk to near face-on. Dust transmission measurements provide lower limit gas mass estimates for dust features. An extended region with moderate optical depth and M ≥ 2 × 108M⊙ obscures the central 2 kpc. Optical spectra show strong interstellar Na D absorption with a constant velocity across the main disk, likely arising in this extraplanar medium. Opacity measurements of the two linear dust features, pillars, give a total mass of ≥106M⊙, flow rates of ≥2 M⊙ yr−1, and few Myr flow times. Dust pillars are associated with the CON and are visible signs of its role in driving large-scale feedback. Our assessments of feedback processes suggest gas recycling sustains the CON. However, radiation pressure driven mass loss and efficient star formation must be avoided for the active galactic nucleus to retain sufficient gas over its lifespan to produce substantial mass growth of the central black hole.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Se-ResNet+SVM Model: An Effective Method of Searching for Hot Subdwarfs from LAMOST","authors":"Zhongding Cheng, Xiaoming Kong, Tianmin Wu, Aina Zhang, Bowen Liu, Yude Bu, Zhenxin Lei, Yatao Zhang, Zhenping Yi and Meng Liu","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad5b61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad5b61","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a robust neural network approach for identifying hot subdwarfs. Our method leveraged the Squeeze-and-Excitation Residual Network to extract abstract features, which were combined with experience features to create hybrid features. These hybrid features were then classified using a support vector machine. To enhance accuracy, we employed a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a binary classification model was constructed to distinguish hot subdwarfs, achieving a precision of 98.55% on the test set. In the second stage, a four-class classification model was employed to further refine the candidates, achieving a precision of 91.75% on the test set. Using the binary classification model, we classified 333,534 spectra from LAMOST DR8, resulting in a catalog of 3086 hot subdwarf candidates. Subsequently, the four-class classification model was applied to filter these candidates further. When applying thresholds of 0.5 and 0.9, we identified 2132 and 1247 candidates, respectively. Among these candidates, we visually inspected their spectra and identified 58 and 30 new hot subdwarfs, respectively, resulting in a precision of 82.04% and 88.21% for these discoveries. Furthermore, we evaluated the 3086 candidates obtained in the first stage and identified 168 new hot subdwarfs, achieving an overall precision of 62.54%. Lastly, we trained a Squeeze-and-Excitation regression model with mean absolute error values of 3009 K for Teff, 0.20 dex for log g, and 0.42 dex for log(nHe/nH). Using this model, we predicted the atmospheric parameters of these 168 newly discovered hot subdwarfs.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"p adé: A Code for Protoplanetary Disk Turbulence Based on Padé Differencing","authors":"Karim Shariff","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad5af3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad5af3","url":null,"abstract":"The Padé code has been developed to treat hydrodynamic turbulence in protoplanetary disks. It solves the compressible equations of motion in cylindrical coordinates. Derivatives are computed using nondiffusive and conservative fourth-order Padé differencing, which has higher resolving power compared to both dissipative shock-capturing schemes used in most astrophysics codes, as well as nondiffusive central finite-difference schemes of the same order. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used for time stepping. A previously reported error-corrected Fargo approach is used to reduce the time step constraint imposed by rapid Keplerian advection. Artificial bulk viscosity is used when shock capturing is required. Tests for correctness and scaling with respect to the number of processors are presented. Finally, efforts to improve efficiency and accuracy are suggested.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-curve Recovery with Rubin-LSST. II. Unveiling the Darkness of the Galactic Bulge (VESTALE) with RR Lyrae","authors":"M. Di Criscienzo, S. Leccia, V. Braga, I. Musella, G. Bono, M. Dall’Ora, G. Fiorentino, M. Marconi, R. Molinaro, V. Ripepi, L. Girardi, A. Mazzi, G. Pastorelli, M. Trabucchi, N. Matsunaga, M. Monelli, A. Saha, K. A. Vivas and R. Zanmar Sanchez","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad582d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad582d","url":null,"abstract":"This work is part of VESTALE, a project initiated within the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Cadence Strategy Optimization Process. Its goal is to explore the potential of Rubin-LSST observations aimed at the Galactic bulge (henceforth just “Bulge”) for studying RR Lyrae (RRL) stars. Observation and analysis of RRL stars in the Bulge are crucial for tracing the old population of the central part of our Galaxy and reconstructing its formation. Based on observations conducted with CTIO/DECam by Saha et al. toward Baade’s window, our simulations demonstrate that early Rubin-LSST observations will enable the recovery of RRL light curves (LCs) at Galactic center distances with sufficient precision. This will allow us to utilize theoretical relations from Marconi et al. to determine their distances and/or metallicity, following the REDIME algorithm introduced in Bono et al. We show how reddening and crowding affect our simulations and highlight the importance of considering these effects when deriving pulsation parameters (luminosity amplitudes, mean magnitudes) based on the LCs, especially if the goal is to explore the opposite side of the Bulge through the observation of its RRL. The simulations discussed in this investigation were conducted to support the Survey Cadence Optimization Committee’s decision to observe this important sky region since it has only recently been decided to include part of the Bulge as a target within the LSST main survey.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}