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Part II Means of Protection, Ch.IX Common Provisions, Article 72 第二部分保护手段，第九章共同规定，第72条
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0072
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
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引用次数: 0
Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.1 Organization, Articles 58 and 59 第二部分保护手段，第八章美洲人权法院，第1段组织，第五十八条和第五十九条
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0058
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.1 Organization, Articles 58 and 59","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0058","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains Articles 58 and 59 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Article 58 of the ACHR deals with essential and fundamental aspects of the proper functioning of the Inter-American Court. It addresses the question of the choice of the seat of the Court and that of its Secretary. Article 59 concerns more generally the Secretariat of the Court under the direction of the Secretary, and the relationship with the Secretary-General of the Organization of American States (OAS). Although they seem to address mainly logistical and administrative issues, Articles 58 and 59 are crucial for the Inter-American Court. Unlike the International Court of Justice or the European Court of Human Rights, the judges do not sit on a permanent basis in San José. The terms of the judges are limited by Article 54 of the ACHR. Therefore, they could effectively and efficiently perform their mandate in the absence of a stable and competent body, to ensure the continuity and stability of the Inter-American Tribunal's operations.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83039285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part III General and Transitory Provisions, Ch.X Signature, Ratification, Reservations, Amendments, Protocols, and Denunciation, Article 75 第三部分一般和临时规定，第六章签署、批准、保留、修正、议定书和退出，第七十五条
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0075
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part III General and Transitory Provisions, Ch.X Signature, Ratification, Reservations, Amendments, Protocols, and Denunciation, Article 75","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0075","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Article 75 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). The ACHR contains a provision on the faculty of States parties to formulate reservations. Its Article 75 is very brief and has no autonomous content. Article 75 of the ACHR refers to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States (VCLT), which was adopted a few weeks before the ACHR, on May 23, 1969. Therefore, Articles 19 to 23 of the VCLT, which deal with reservations to treaties constitute the legal framework set out in Article 75 of the ACHR. From this point of view, Article 75 of the ACHR differs from Article 57 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Indeed, the inter-American provision leaves greater room for discretion to States and respects international practice, which classically grants them an important conventional freedom.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84081077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.3 Procedure, Article 67 第二部分保护手段，第八章美洲人权法院，第3段程序第67条
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0067
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.3 Procedure, Article 67","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0067","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at on Article 67 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). The main purpose of Article 67 of the ACHR is to specify one of the qualities of a judgment of the Inter-American Court, namely, its non-appealable character. The provision is to be read in conjunction with Articles 66 and 68, which refer to other qualities attached to the Court's judgment, that is, their “reasoned” and binding nature for the States concerned. Article 67 of the ACHR is structured around two rules. The first deals with the finality of the Court's judgments and the second with the Court's jurisdiction to interpret them in the event of disagreement between the parties.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90966440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VII Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, s.4 Procedure, Article 49 第二部分保护手段，第七章，美洲人权委员会，第5段程序第49条
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0049
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VII Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, s.4 Procedure, Article 49","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0049","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter evaluates Article 49 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Article 49 of the ACHR complements Article 48-1(f), addressing the noncontentious procedure that may be applied in an individual petition or interstate communication. It describes the steps to be followed by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights when a friendly settlement is reached by the parties. Under Article 49 of the ACHR, the Commission must approve the amicable settlement. To do so, it has to verify that the conditions of validity are met, in particular as regards the consent of the parties and the content of the agreement, which must be fully compatible with human rights. Therefore, the approval procedure described briefly under Article 49 (and detailed under Article 40-5 of the Commission's Rules of Procedure) is far from purely formal or technical. Quite the opposite, the noncontentious phase is the subject of a particular attention by the Commission that provides not only an assessment of the terms of the agreement, but also of its status of implementation by the State's authorities.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83764118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VII Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, s.3 Competence, Article 44 第二部分保护手段，第七章，美洲人权委员会，第3节第44条权限
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0044
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VII Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, s.3 Competence, Article 44","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0044","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews Article 44 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Article 44 of the ACHR is one of the core provisions of the Inter-American Human Rights complaint mechanism. It determines the standing of the individual petitioners (jus standi) before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and recognizes two procedural rights of action: the international procedural right to denounce and the international procedural right to complain. The distinction between the types of actions is important. The right to denounce is open in favor of a vast scope of beneficiaries and is closely linked to the concept of collective guarantee, while the right to complain is more strictly recognized in favor of the alleged victim of a violation of their rights by a State Party. Article 44 explains that the ACHR is a fertile ground for actions similar to actio popularis, allowing anyone and any group of persons to act in order to ensure the collective guarantee of the ACHR.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81733950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.21: Right to Property 第1部分国家义务和受保护的权利，第2部分公民权利和政治权利，第21条:财产权
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0021
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.21: Right to Property","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter details Article 21 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), which protects the right to private property. Article 21 of the ACHR is structured in three paragraphs that aim at protecting existing private property. The first paragraph provides that everyone has the right to the use and enjoyment of their property and admits that the law may subordinate the use and enjoyment of the property to “social interest.” Although no one shall be deprived of their property, the second paragraph authorizes restrictions under three conditions: upon payment of just compensation; for reasons of public utility or social interest; and in the cases and according to the forms established by law. Finally, Paragraph 3 specifically requires that usury and other forms of exploitation are prohibited by law.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90523064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preamble 序言
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0081
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Preamble","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80324987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.I General Obligations, Art.2: Domestic Legal Effects 第一部分国家义务和受保护的权利，第1章一般义务，第2条:国内法律效力
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0002
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.I General Obligations, Art.2: Domestic Legal Effects","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines Article 2 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), which prescribes and requires specific conduct from States Parties regarding the domestic implementation of the rights and freedoms enshrined. Article 2 is located in the first chapter of the ACHR, entitled “General obligations”; it cannot be read without referring to the pivotal Article 1. Both provisions illustrate the principle of subsidiarity of the inter-American system, according to which the State is primarily in charge of the domestic implementation of human rights. Accordingly, in combination with Article 2 of the ACHR, States may be required to adopt positive measures in order to ensure rights and freedoms as to amend or reverse discriminatory situations to the detriment of certain groups of persons. Therefore, under certain circumstances, the provisions may be invoked in conjunction before the inter-American organs. The jurisprudence on Article 2 is pivotal in the transformative potential of the American Convention within the domestic systems of the States Parties.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77651114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VII Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, s.4 Procedure, Article 51 第二部分保护手段，第七章，美洲人权委员会，第5段程序第51条
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0051
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VII Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, s.4 Procedure, Article 51","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0051","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on Article 51 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Article 51 of the ACHR closes up Section 4 of the Chapter VII dedicated to the “Procedure” before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, applied when dealing with an individual petition (Article 44) or an inter-State communication (Article 45). The provision describes the potential results of the procedure, that is, the adoption of a report that would contain the “opinion,” “conclusion,” and “recommendations” of the Commission. The article must be understood in light of Article 49 (Friendly settlement) and Article 50 (“preliminary report”). An Article 51 report is adopted when the friendly settlement process has failed, and in case of violations stated by the Commission, when the case is neither brought to the Court nor fixed by the Commission itself. Accordingly, the Article 51 report is said to be “final,” as it terminates the litigation proceeding before the Inter-American organs.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86217024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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