Technologies最新文献_第3页

Transformative Approach for Heart Rate Prediction from Face Videos Using Local and Global Multi-Head Self-Attention 利用局部和全局多头自我关注从人脸视频预测心率的变革性方法

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/technologies12010002

Smera Premkumar, J. Anitha, Daniela Danciulescu, D. Hemanth

{"title":"Transformative Approach for Heart Rate Prediction from Face Videos Using Local and Global Multi-Head Self-Attention","authors":"Smera Premkumar, J. Anitha, Daniela Danciulescu, D. Hemanth","doi":"10.3390/technologies12010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies12010002","url":null,"abstract":"Heart rate estimation from face videos is an emerging technology that offers numerous potential applications in healthcare and human–computer interaction. However, most of the existing approaches often overlook the importance of long-range spatiotemporal dependencies, which is essential for robust measurement of heart rate prediction. Additionally, they involve extensive pre-processing steps to enhance the prediction accuracy, resulting in high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose an innovative solution called LGTransPPG. This end-to-end transformer-based framework eliminates the need for pre-processing steps while achieving improved efficiency and accuracy. LGTransPPG incorporates local and global aggregation techniques to capture fine-grained facial features and contextual information. By leveraging the power of transformers, our framework can effectively model long-range dependencies and temporal dynamics, enhancing the heart rate prediction process. The proposed approach is evaluated on three publicly available datasets, demonstrating its robustness and generalizability. Furthermore, we achieved a high Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) value of 0.88, indicating its superior efficiency and accuracy between the predicted and actual heart rate values.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Information-Analytical Software for Developing Digital Models of Porous Structures’ Materials Using a Cellular Automata Approach 利用细胞自动机方法开发多孔结构材料数字模型的信息分析软件

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/technologies12010001

I. Lebedev, Anastasia Uvarova, Natalia Menshutina

{"title":"Information-Analytical Software for Developing Digital Models of Porous Structures’ Materials Using a Cellular Automata Approach","authors":"I. Lebedev, Anastasia Uvarova, Natalia Menshutina","doi":"10.3390/technologies12010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies12010001","url":null,"abstract":"An information-analytical software has been developed for creating digital models of structures of porous materials. The information-analytical software allows you to select a model that accurately reproduces structures of porous materials—aerogels—creating a digital model by which you can predict their properties. In addition, the software contains models for calculating various properties of aerogels based on their structure, such as pore size distribution and mechanical properties. Models have been implemented that allow the description of various processes in porous structures—hydrodynamics of multicomponent systems, heat and mass transfer processes, dissolution, sorption and desorption. With the models implemented in this software, various digital models for different types of aerogels can be developed. As a comparison parameter, pore size distribution is chosen. Deviation of the calculated pore size distribution curves from the experimental ones does not exceed 15%, which indicates that the obtained digital model corresponds to the experimental sample. The software contains both the existing models that are used for porous structures modeling and the original models that were developed for different studied aerogels and processes, such as the dissolution of active pharmaceutical ingredients and mass transportation in porous media.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generating Mathematical Expressions for Estimation of Atomic Coordinates of Carbon Nanotubes Using Genetic Programming Symbolic Regression 利用遗传编程符号回归生成估算碳纳米管原子坐标的数学表达式

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060185

N. Anđelić, Sandi Baressi Baressi Šegota

{"title":"Generating Mathematical Expressions for Estimation of Atomic Coordinates of Carbon Nanotubes Using Genetic Programming Symbolic Regression","authors":"N. Anđelić, Sandi Baressi Baressi Šegota","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies11060185","url":null,"abstract":"The study addresses the formidable challenge of calculating atomic coordinates for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using density functional theory (DFT), a process that can endure for days. To tackle this issue, the research leverages the Genetic Programming Symbolic Regression (GPSR) method on a publicly available dataset. The primary aim is to assess if the resulting Mathematical Equations (MEs) from GPSR can accurately estimate calculated atomic coordinates obtained through DFT. Given the numerous hyperparameters in GPSR, a Random Hyperparameter Value Search (RHVS) method is devised to pinpoint the optimal combination of hyperparameter values, maximizing estimation accuracy. Two distinct approaches are considered. The first involves applying GPSR to estimate calculated coordinates (uc, vc, wc) using all input variables (initial atomic coordinates u, v, w, and integers n, m specifying the chiral vector). The second approach applies GPSR to estimate each calculated atomic coordinate using integers n and m alongside the corresponding initial atomic coordinates. This results in the creation of six different dataset variations. The GPSR algorithm undergoes training via a 5-fold cross-validation process. The evaluation metrics include the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and the depth and length of generated MEs. The findings from this approach demonstrate that GPSR can effectively estimate CNT atomic coordinates with high accuracy, as indicated by an impressive R2≈1.0. This study not only contributes to the advancement of accurate estimation techniques for atomic coordinates but also introduces a systematic approach for optimizing hyperparameters in GPSR, showcasing its potential for broader applications in materials science and computational chemistry.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing Classical and Quantum Generative Learning Models for High-Fidelity Image Synthesis 比较用于高保真图像合成的经典和量子生成学习模型

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060183

Siddhant Jain, Joseph Geraci, Harry E. Ruda

{"title":"Comparing Classical and Quantum Generative Learning Models for High-Fidelity Image Synthesis","authors":"Siddhant Jain, Joseph Geraci, Harry E. Ruda","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies11060183","url":null,"abstract":"The field of computer vision has long grappled with the challenging task of image synthesis, which entails the creation of novel high-fidelity images. This task is underscored by the Generative Learning Trilemma, which posits that it is not possible for any image synthesis model to simultaneously excel at high-quality sampling, achieve mode convergence with diverse sample representation, and perform rapid sampling. In this paper, we explore the potential of Quantum Boltzmann Machines (QBMs) for image synthesis, leveraging the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer. We undertake a comprehensive performance assessment of QBMs in comparison to established generative models in the field: Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs). Our evaluation is grounded in widely recognized scoring metrics, including the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID), Kernel Inception Distance (KID), and Inception Scores. The results of our study indicate that QBMs do not significantly outperform the conventional models in terms of the three evaluative criteria. Moreover, QBMs have not demonstrated the capability to overcome the challenges outlined in the Trilemma of Generative Learning. Through our investigation, we contribute to the understanding of quantum computing’s role in generative learning and identify critical areas for future research to enhance the capabilities of image synthesis models.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Holby–Morgan Model of Platinum Catalyst Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells: Range of Feasible Parameters Achieved Using Voltage Cycling PEM 燃料电池中铂催化剂降解的 Holby-Morgan 模型：利用电压循环实现的可行参数范围

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060184

V. A. Kovtunenko

{"title":"The Holby–Morgan Model of Platinum Catalyst Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells: Range of Feasible Parameters Achieved Using Voltage Cycling","authors":"V. A. Kovtunenko","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies11060184","url":null,"abstract":"Loss of electrochemical surface area in proton-exchange membrane is of large practical importance, since membrane degradation largely affects the durability and life of fuel cells. In this paper, the electrokinetic model developed by Holby and Morgan is considered. The paper describes degradation mechanisms in membrane catalyst presented by platinum dissolution, platinum diffusion, and platinum oxide formation. A one-dimensional model is governed by nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations given in a cathodic catalyst layer using Butler–Volmer relationships for reaction rates. The governing system is endowed with initial conditions, mixed no-flux boundary condition at the interface with gas diffusion layer, and a perfectly absorbing condition at the membrane boundary. In cyclic voltammetry tests, a non-symmetric square waveform is applied for the electric potential difference between 0.6 and 0.9 V held for 10 and 30 s, respectively, according to the protocol of European Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking. Aimed at mitigation strategies, the impact of cycling operating conditions and model parameters on the loss rate of active area is investigated. The global behavior with respect to variation of parameters is performed using the method of sensitivity analysis. Finding feasible and unfeasible values helps to determine the range of test parameters employed in the model. Comprehensive results of numerical simulation tests are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-Enabled Compressive Spectrum Classification for Wideband Radios 宽带无线电的人工智能压缩频谱分类

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060182

Tassadaq Nawaz, Ramasamy Srinivasaga Naidu

{"title":"AI-Enabled Compressive Spectrum Classification for Wideband Radios","authors":"Tassadaq Nawaz, Ramasamy Srinivasaga Naidu","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies11060182","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive radio is a promising technology that emerged as a potential solution to the spectrum shortage problem by enabling opportunistic spectrum access. In many cases, cognitive radios are required to sense a wide range of frequencies to locate the spectrum white spaces; hence, wideband spectrum comes into play, which is also an essential step in future wireless systems to boost the throughput. Cognitive radios are intelligent devices and therefore can be opted for the development of modern jamming and anti-jamming solutions. To this end, our article introduces a novel AI-enabled energy-efficient and robust technique for wideband radio spectrum characterization. Our work considers a wideband radio spectrum made up of numerous narrowband signals, which could be normal communications or signals disrupted by a stealthy jammer. First, the receiver recovers the wideband from significantly low sub-Nyquist rate samples by exploiting compressive sensing technique to decrease the overhead caused by the high complexity analog-to-digital conversion process. Once the wideband is recovered, each available narrowband signal is given to a cyclostationary feature detector that computes the corresponding spectral correlation function and extracts the feature vectors in the form of cycle and frequency profiles. Then profiles are concatenated and given as input features set to an artificial neural network which in turn classifies each NB signal as legitimate communication with a specific modulation or disrupted by a stealthy jammer. The results show a classification accuracy of about 0.99 is achieved. Moreover, the algorithm highlights significantly high performances in comparison to recently reported spectrum classification techniques. The proposed technique can be used to design anti-jamming systems for military communication systems.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Multiple Properties of a Multicomponent Mg-Based Alloy Using a Sinterless Turning-Induced Deformation Technique 利用无烧结车削诱导变形技术提高多组分镁基合金的多种性能

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060181

M. Johanes, Amirin Adli Bin Gombari, M. Gupta

{"title":"Enhancing Multiple Properties of a Multicomponent Mg-Based Alloy Using a Sinterless Turning-Induced Deformation Technique","authors":"M. Johanes, Amirin Adli Bin Gombari, M. Gupta","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies11060181","url":null,"abstract":"A magnesium-based multi-component alloy (MCA), Mg70Al18Zn6Ca4Y2, was successfully synthesized using the Turning-Induced Deformation (TID) method, with promising improvements in multiple properties such as damping capabilities, hardness (11% to 34% increase), and strength (5% to 15% increase) over its conventional cast and extruded equivalent which has already been established as a high-performance MCA exhibiting superior mechanical properties over other Mg-based materials while retaining acceptable ductility. This new TID-based MCA comes only at a slight compromise in the aspects of ductility, ignition resistance, and corrosion resistance, which was previously observed in other TID-based materials. In addition, the general microstructure and secondary phases of this MCA were retained even when using the TID method, with only minimal porosity (<1%) incurred during the process. Furthermore, the ignition temperature of the TID Mg70Al18Zn6Ca4Y2 remained very high at 915 °C, positioning it as a potential Mg-based material suitable for aerospace applications with a high ignition resistance. This is tantamount to a successful application of TID to yet another class of Mg-based materials and opening the door to future explorations of such materials.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Tamadon et al. Influence of WC-Based Pin Tool Profile on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA1100 FSW Welds. Technologies 2020, 8, 34 更正：Tamadon 等人. 基于 WC 的针状工具轮廓对 AA1100 FSW 焊缝微观结构和机械性能的影响.技术，2020，8，34

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060180

A. Tamadon, A. Baghestani, M. E. Bajgholi

引用次数: 0

Cost-Effective 3D Printing of Silicone Structures Using an Advanced Intra-Layer Curing Approach 采用先进的层内固化方法，经济高效地三维打印硅树脂结构

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060179

Cormac D. Fay, Liang Wu

{"title":"Cost-Effective 3D Printing of Silicone Structures Using an Advanced Intra-Layer Curing Approach","authors":"Cormac D. Fay, Liang Wu","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies11060179","url":null,"abstract":"We present an advanced, low-cost 3D printing system capable of fabricating intricate silicone structures using commercially available off-the-shelf materials. Our system used a custom-designed, motorised syringe pump with a driving lead screw and excellent control of material extrusion to accommodate the high viscosity of silicone printing ink, which is composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), diluent, and a photo-initiator (LAP). We modified an open-source desktop 3D printer to mount the syringe pump and programmed it to deposit controlled intricate patterns in a layer-by-layer fashion. To ensure the structural integrity of the printed objects, we introduced an intra-layer curing approach that fused the deposited layers using a custom-built UV curing system. Our experiments demonstrated the successful fabrication of silicone structures at different infill percentages, with excellent resolution and mechanical properties. Our low-cost solution (costing less than USD 1000 and requiring no specialised facilities or equipment) shows great promise for practical applications in areas such as micro-fluidics, prosthesis, and biomedical engineering based on our initial findings of 300 μm width channels (with excellent scope for smaller channels where desirable) and tunable structural properties. Our work represents a significant advance in low-cost desktop 3D printing capabilities, and we anticipate that it could have a broad impact on the field by providing these capabilities to scholars without the means to purchase expensive fabrication systems.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Door-Opening Technologies: Search for Affordable Assistive Technology 开门技术：搜索经济实惠的辅助技术

Technologies Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.3390/technologies11060177

Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed, Yousef Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alqahtani

{"title":"Door-Opening Technologies: Search for Affordable Assistive Technology","authors":"Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed, Yousef Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alqahtani","doi":"10.3390/technologies11060177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies11060177","url":null,"abstract":"To the authors’ knowledge, currently, there is no review covering the different technologies applied to opening manual doors. Therefore, this review presents a summary of the various technologies available on the market as well as those under research and development for opening manual doors. Four subtopics—doorknob accessories, wheelchair-mounted door-opening accessories, door-opening robots, and door-opening drones—were used to group the various technologies for manually opening doors. It is evident that opening doors is a difficult process, and there are different ways to solve this problem in terms of the technology used and the cost of the end product. The search for an affordable assistive technology for opening manual doors is ongoing. This work is an attempt to provide wheelchair users and their healthcare providers with a one-stop source for door-opening technologies. At least one of these door-opening solutions could prove beneficial to the elderly and some wheelchair users for increased independence. The ideal option would depend on an individual’s needs and capabilities, and occupational therapists could assess and recommend the right solutions.","PeriodicalId":22341,"journal":{"name":"Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0