The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology最新文献

Early synapsids neurosensory diversity revealed by CT and synchrotron scanning 通过 CT 和同步辐射扫描揭示早期突眼动物神经感觉的多样性

The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25445

J. Benoit, R. Araujo, E. S. Lund, A. Bolton, T. Lafferty, Z. Macungo, V. Fernandez

{"title":"Early synapsids neurosensory diversity revealed by CT and synchrotron scanning","authors":"J. Benoit, R. Araujo, E. S. Lund, A. Bolton, T. Lafferty, Z. Macungo, V. Fernandez","doi":"10.1002/ar.25445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25445","url":null,"abstract":"Non‐mammaliaform synapsids (NMS) represent the closest relatives of today's mammals among the early amniotes. Exploring their brain and nervous system is key to understanding how mammals evolved. Here, using CT and Synchrotron scanning, we document for the first time three extreme cases of neurosensory and behavioral adaptations that probe into the wide range of unexpected NMS paleoneurological diversity. First, we describe adaptations to low‐frequency hearing and low‐light conditions in the non‐mammalian cynodont Cistecynodon parvus, supporting adaptations to an obligatory fossorial lifestyle. Second, we describe the uniquely complex and three‐dimensional maxillary canal morphology of the biarmosuchian Pachydectes elsi, which suggests that it may have used its cranial bosses for display or low‐energy combat. Finally, we introduce a paleopathology found in the skull of Moschognathus whaitsi. Since the specimen was not fully grown, this condition suggests the possibility that this species might have engaged in playful fighting as juveniles—a behavior that is both social and structured. Additionally, this paper discusses other evidence that could indicate that tapinocephalid dinocephalians were social animals, living and interacting closely with one another. Altogether, these examples evidence the wide range of diversity of neurological structures and complex behavior in NMS.","PeriodicalId":22308,"journal":{"name":"The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140560353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Action Sites of Propofol in the Normal Human Brain Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 异丙酚在正常人大脑中的作用部位的功能磁共振成像研究

The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2010-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21289

Hui Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhijing Zhao, Y. Ge, Jinsong Zhang, Daihua Yu, W. Chai, Shengxi Wu, Lixian Xu

{"title":"The Action Sites of Propofol in the Normal Human Brain Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Hui Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhijing Zhao, Y. Ge, Jinsong Zhang, Daihua Yu, W. Chai, Shengxi Wu, Lixian Xu","doi":"10.1002/ar.21289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21289","url":null,"abstract":"Propofol has been used for many years but its functional target in the intact brain remains unclear. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate blood oxygen level dependence signal changes in the normal human brain during propofol anesthesia and explored the possible action targets of propofol. Ten healthy subjects were enrolled in two experimental sessions. In session 1, the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale was performed to evaluate asleep to awake/alert status. In session 2, images with blood oxygen level dependence contrast were obtained with echo‐planar imaging on a 1.5‐T Philips Gyroscan Magnetic Resonance System and analyzed. In both sessions, subjects were intravenously administered with saline (for 3 min) and then propofol (for 1.5 min) and saline again (for 10.5 min) with a constant speed infusion pump. Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale scoring showed that the subjects experienced conscious–sedative–unconscious–analepsia, which correlated well with the signal decreases in the anesthesia states. Propofol induced significant signal decreases in hypothalamus (18.2% ± 3.6%), frontal lobe (68.5% ± 11.2%), and temporal lobe (34.7% ± 6.1%). Additionally, the signals at these three sites were fulminant and changed synchronously. While in the thalamus, the signal decrease was observed in 5 of 10 of the subjects and the magnitude of decrease was 3.9% ± 1.6%. These results suggest that there is most significant inhibition in hypothalamus, frontal lobe, and temporal in propofol anesthesia and moderate inhibition in thalamus. These brain regions might be the targets of propofol anesthesia in human brain. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":22308,"journal":{"name":"The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80983214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Errata: Imaging and Quantitative Assessment of Long Bone Vascularization in the Adult Rat Using Microcomputed Tomography 勘误:成年大鼠长骨血管化的成像和定量评估

The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21270

J. Fei, F. Peyrin, L. Malaval, L. Vico, M. Lafage-Proust

引用次数: 2

Erratum: Expression of Calcium‐Sensing Receptor in Quail Granulosa Explants: A Key to Survival During Folliculogenesis 在鹌鹑颗粒外植体中钙敏感受体的表达:卵泡发育过程中存活的关键

The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2010-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21177

A. Diez-Fraile, S. Mussche, T. Berghe, M. Espeel, P. Vandenabeele, K. D’Herde

引用次数: 0

List of officers and members 高级职员及委员名单

The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 1916-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0075426900090789

D. LITT., Vice-Presidents

引用次数: 0

List of officers and members 高级职员及委员名单

The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 1915-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0075426900096993

D. LITT., Vice-Presidents

引用次数: 0