Tectonophysics最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative estimation of earthquake effects on aquifer structure and vulnerability","authors":"Daian Chen ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Lan ,&nbsp;Hongbiao Gu ,&nbsp;Lixiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquakes not only cause direct surface damage but also induce significant perturbations in subsurface aquifer systems. This study developed water level-barometric pressure/tide response models for three observation wells located in the Huaying Mountain Fault Zone, with the aim of quantitatively assessing the effects of the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes on both the structure and vulnerability of the aquifer. The results indicate that when there is a strong coherence between water level and barometric pressure/tide signals, the degree of model fitting is significantly improved, thereby enhancing the reliability of parameter inversion. Well B demonstrates greater suitability for the barometric model (BE = 0.907), while Wells A and C align more closely with tidal response characteristics. Overall, it was found that strong earthquakes lead to an increase in vertical leakage coefficients by 15 % to 50 %, whereas transmissivity decreases by 30 % to 50 %. Additionally, following these seismic events, the average fracture dip angle shifts by 15° to 25°, becoming more vertical; concurrently, there is a significant reduction in the aquifer vulnerability index (Cts) ranging from 20 % to 50 %. These findings suggest that earthquakes facilitate reorganization within fracture networks, enhance vertical permeability, and create new seepage channels while simultaneously diminishing pollution prevention capacity—thereby significantly elevating pollution risk. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the post-earthquake assessment of groundwater resources, as well as for the sustainable protection and targeted prevention of hydrogeological hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"919 ","pages":"Article 230987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cretaceous–Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the central Qiangtang terrane and implications for the initial growth of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Xiaohui Liu ,&nbsp;Yimin Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Rao ,&nbsp;Yangrui Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Guo ,&nbsp;Xingfu Huang ,&nbsp;Huilin Li ,&nbsp;Lin Ding ,&nbsp;Rui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Qiangtang terrane in the central Tibetan Plateau records critical evidence for understanding the early stages of plateau growth. However, the timing, mechanisms, and paleotopographic evolution of the central Qiangtang terrane remain controversial, which limits our understanding of closure of the Tethys Ocean and related uplift of Tibet. This study focuses on the Shuanghu basin of the central Qiangtang terrane, where we integrated new detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and clumped isotope (<em>Δ</em>₄₇) thermometry. Our results demonstrate that the detrital zircon age spectra of the Eocene strata in the Shuanghu basin are dominated by populations at 240–190 Ma, 675–500 Ma and 1040–770 Ma, consistent with those from the Cretaceous strata in the same basin. This suggests a persistent sediment source from Late Triassic granitic rocks and pre-Jurassic metamorphic basements within the central Qiangtang, rather than from the northern or southern Qiangtang terranes. Clumped isotope results of ca. 90–120 °C indicate that the primary formation temperatures of terrestrial carbonates have been reset, precluding paleoelevation reconstruction, most likely due to recrystallization and vein formation during Neogene east-west extension. Collectively, our new data, together with existing structural, thermochronological, and magmatic evidence, indicate that the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision before the Late Cretaceous triggered widespread crustal shortening, exhumation, and outward-propagating deformation from the central Qiangtang terrane. These processes led to significant surface uplift of the central Qiangtang terrane, establishing a proto-plateau prior to the Cenozoic India-Asia collision. These findings highlight the central Qiangtang terrane's role as an initial growth nucleus of the Tibetan Plateau, with its uplift predating Cenozoic continental collision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145434942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the uplift mechanism of Gongga Shan, Eastern Tibetan Plateau: From the perspective of geomorphic and exhumation characteristics","authors":"Xueling Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Shen ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan He ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Yuan ,&nbsp;Paul R. Eizenhöfer ,&nbsp;Yukui Ge ,&nbsp;Xuemin Pan ,&nbsp;Xiong Wu ,&nbsp;Yingying Jia ,&nbsp;Yanglin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Gongga Shan (main peak of Gongga Mountain at 7556 m) on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a key area for studying plateau tectonic evolution owing to its remarkable topographic relief and rapid uplift, with a local relief exceeding 6500 m within a horizontal distance of ∼30 km. This study investigates the topographic growth history and driving mechanisms of Gongga Shan since the late Miocene through quantitative geomorphic analyses (hypsometric integral, <span><math><mi>HI</mi></math></span>, and normalized river steepness index, <span><math><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>sn</mi></msub></math></span>), combined with low-temperature thermochronology and cosmogenic nuclide datasets. Our results show exceptionally large values for <span><math><mi>HI</mi></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> near the main peak while spearman statistics further reveal a significant positive relationship between <span><math><mi>HI</mi></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, supporting their tectonic significance, while the influence of precipitation and lithology only shows a weak correlation. Modeling constrained by the thermochronologic dataset indicates that rapid exhumation commenced in the late Miocene (∼10–8 Ma), with the exhumation center migrating southward along the Xianshuihe Fault and localizing near the main peak around 2 Ma with exhumation rates exceeding 3 mm/yr. Integrating previous geological and geophysical evidence, we propose that underthrusting of the Yangtze Craton (YZC) beneath the Songpan-Garzê Terrane (SGT) laid the deep tectonic foundation for uplift, while lithospheric-scale deformation along the geometric bend of the Xianshuihe Fault promoting rock uplift. Climatic factors (precipitation and glaciation) further accelerated surface erosion and, in turn, facilitating rock uplift. Our findings reveal a tectonically dominated, surface evolution model for Gongga Shan's uplift history, providing new insights into the tectonic-geomorphic coupling processes along the eastern Tibetan Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quantitative reassessment of the 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and its seismotectonic implications","authors":"Laurent Bollinger ,&nbsp;Emile A. Okal","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake is the largest instrumental earthquake to strike Nepal. However, its moment magnitude is still associated with considerable uncertainty in the literature, with a wide range of values between 8.0 ± 0.3 and as high as 8.4. In this paper we re-evaluate its seismic moment using teleseismic surface wave records from 6 stations. A total of 10 independent measurements lead to a seismic moment of 3.8 × 10²¹ N.m (M_w = 8.3 ± 0.1), releasing more than 4 times the seismic moment of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake.</div><div>Given this seismic moment release, we consider several rupture scenarios with different length-width-slip estimates for the mainshock. We compare them with slip estimates derived from field observations and show that the average slip is likely to have been between 8 and 16 m, a value significantly larger than previous estimates. We compare the dimensions obtained with those of other intercontinental thrust earthquakes. The results reduce the uncertainties associated with the assessment of the deficit of the seismic moment accumulated since the great earthquakes of the medieval period in Nepal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismotectonic implications for the Peloponnese (SW Greece) region based on geodetic crustal deformation analysis","authors":"Ilias Lazos ,&nbsp;Sotirios Sboras ,&nbsp;Sotirios Kokkalas ,&nbsp;Vassilios Karastathis ,&nbsp;Georgios Xiroudakis ,&nbsp;Kyriaki Iordanidou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Galanakis ,&nbsp;Christos Pikridas ,&nbsp;Spyridon Bellas ,&nbsp;Ioannis Karamitros ,&nbsp;Evaggelos Mouzakiotis ,&nbsp;Christos Kanellopoulos ,&nbsp;Stylianos Bitharis ,&nbsp;Alexandros Chatzipetros ,&nbsp;Spyros Pavlides","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peloponnese is a seismotectonically active region in Greece (Eastern Mediterranean) located just north of the Hellenic Subduction Zone, along which the Aegean and Nubian continental plates converge, and south of the Corinth Gulf, a rapidly extending rift. In addition to these highly tectonically active margins, the crust of the Peloponnese is undergoing deformation, which has locally generated significant earthquakes. In this paper, an upper crustal deformation analysis has been performed in order to comprehend i) how much and under which mechanism this region is deforming, ii) whether our results can explain the past seismicity, and iii) whether areas of low recorded seismic activity till recently are prone to a possible future increase of activity, a vital piece of information in terms of seismic hazard assessment. This analysis was based on primary geodetic raw data, collected by 32 permanent GPS/GNSS stations, which monitor the wider Peloponnese region. Considering these measurements, the geodetic strain parameters were estimated by implementing triangulation and interpolation methodologies, providing the qualitative and quantitative deformation properties of Peloponnese. The results show a wide-spread low deformation, mostly shear, with local highs in areas where seismic activity is evident; the 2008 Andravida earthquake is a typical example, as it is related to a right-lateral blind strike-slip fault. However, normal faulting with a dip-slip component also contributes to upper-crustal deformation in the study area, as demonstrated by seismic events such as the Sparta and Kalamata earthquakes. These results suggest that several seismically ‘quiet’ regions of Peloponnese (such as the eastern-northeastern part) show significant deformation, since the accumulated strain in these regions appears not to be released by smaller frequent events; therefore, they might have the potential of hosting moderate to strong earthquakes along localized zones of deformation in the future, indicated as areas with recorded higher strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Paleogene to Early Miocene deep-water provenance sources in Sabah, northern Borneo reveals changing Proto-South China Sea paleogeography","authors":"H. Tim Breitfeld ,&nbsp;Marco W.A. van Hattum ,&nbsp;Robert Hall ,&nbsp;Stuart Burley ,&nbsp;Juliane Hennig-Breitfeld ,&nbsp;Max Franzel ,&nbsp;Simon M. Suggate ,&nbsp;Pieter Vermeesch ,&nbsp;Max Webb","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of Sabah in northern Borneo is covered with Paleogene to Lower Miocene deep marine turbidite sequences that were deposited along the southern side of the Proto-South China Sea (PSCS). They include the Sapulut and Trusmadi formations of central-south Sabah, the Labang and Kulapis formations of eastern Sabah, the Kudat Formation of NW Sabah and the Crocker Formation of western Sabah. Sandstone petrography, heavy mineral analysis and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology reveals changing sources associated with the evolution of the PSCS. Volcanic lithic fragments in some Labang Formation samples and Middle Eocene zircons in a lower Crocker Formation sample, as well as unstable heavy minerals such as apatite and epidote indicate input from contemporaneous volcanism, likely derived from the PSCS subduction arc to the north. By contrast, abundant ultra-stable heavy minerals and Mesozoic zircons indicate multi-recycling from southern sources.</div><div>Changes in provenance are seen across key stratigraphies. The lower part of the Crocker Formation has similar provenance as the Rajang Group in Sarawak and is interpreted as a more distal equivalent. While the upper Crocker Formation has a similar provenance as the Nyalau Formation in Sarawak and is interpreted as its deeper marine continuation. Parts of the Labang and Kulapis formations suggest an extension of this depositional system into eastern Sabah. In the Early Miocene the Palawan microcontinental fragment collided with the Cagayan Arc, resulting in uplift of a forearc high and formation of mélanges in eastern Sabah. The uplifted forearc was most likely the provenance source for the Temburong Formation in western Sabah.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faults in CO2 storage: Anisotropy in flow and irregular displacement gradients informing reactivation","authors":"Alvar Braathen ,&nbsp;Elin Skurtveit","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current understanding of extensional faults, which are essential for subsurface CO2 storage, reveals that fault risk assessment and modeling are significantly hindered by uncertainty. This underscores the need for insights into the datasets and methodologies used for evaluating fault sealing and reactivation. Data on fault architecture from outcrops, combined with mechanical insights, indicate the presence of hydraulic anisotropy and varying strength relationships within faults that influence their potential for reactivation. We propose that large portions of faults may yield through minor slip events or creep, while sticky spots are responsible for larger fault slip events. Enhancing our detection and understanding of these sticky spots – primarily characterized by abrupt displacement gradients that require further investigation - could improve risk assessment, monitoring, and mitigation strategies related to fault reactivation and inform seismic activity in CO2 storage initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation pattern and slip rate of the Karakorum-Jiali Fault Zone in Southeastern Tibet from Sentinel-1 InSAR","authors":"Yunfeng Tian ,&nbsp;Jing Liu-Zeng ,&nbsp;Wanpeng Feng ,&nbsp;Jingfa Zhang ,&nbsp;Baoqi Ma ,&nbsp;Wenliang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of the en echelon Karakorum-Jiali fault zone (KJFZ) in accommodating eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau remains a subject of ongoing debate. To clarify the present-day strain accumulation along its eastern section (encompassing the Gyaring Co, Beng Co, and Jiali faults), we integrated Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS velocities to derive a comprehensive three-dimensional crustal deformation field. Our analysis revealed distributed dextral shear across the Lhasa terrane east of the Yadong-Gulu rift, a sharp contrast to the concentrated shear west of this rift. Both the Beng Co fault and the Gyaring Co fault exhibit a dextral slip rate of ∼3 mm/yr and extend beyond their previously mapped traces. Quantifying the slip rate of the Jiali fault proved challenging due to the smooth deformation gradient across it; the shear strain is primarily concentrated to its south along the western segment (from Nagqu to Xiama), yet shifts to the north along the central segments (from Jiali to Yigong). This spatial variation suggests that the Bianba Lhorong fault to the north is likely the easternmost strand of the KJFZ. Furthermore, we identified focused uplift of 2–3 mm/yr along the central segments of the Jiali fault, potentially driven by reverse faulting and/or deglaciation unloading. Such a present-day strain partitioning pattern indicates that the Tibetan crust's eastward-increasing lateral extrusion is collectively accommodated by the approximately <em>E</em>-W trending dextral strike-slip active faults situated between the KJFZ and the Himalayan arc, implying lower slip rate than the previously proposed 10–20 mm/yr for the KJFZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magma transfer and pluton growth: Modelling short- and long-term processes by thermo-mechanical two-phase flow including the heat pipe mechanism","authors":"Harro Schmeling ,&nbsp;Gabriele Marquart ,&nbsp;Herbert Wallner ,&nbsp;Roberto Weinberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the conditions sustaining long-lived molten plutons in the middle to upper crust, driven by lower crustal melting due to magmatic underplating and episodic melt extraction. Using 2D two-phase flow models solving conservation equations for mass, composition, momentum, and energy, and assuming a simplified melting law, we examine the interplay between long-term magmatic processes (e.g., lower crust heating, melt generation, segregation, diapiric ascent) and short-term dynamics (e.g., magma extraction, dyke ascent, emplacement). A novel melt extraction and intrusion formulation is introduced, varying parameters such as melt extraction volume threshold, intrusion depth, size, and geometry. Results indicate that smaller extraction thresholds lead to more frequent intrusions, increasing total melt volume in the intrusion and prolonging pluton lifespan. Intrusion geometry strongly influences melt accumulation: small radii (∼2 km) favor significant melt volumes, while larger zones (&gt;4 km) promote rapid freezing. Circular intrusions retain heat longer than dyke- or sill-like intrusions. Frequent intrusions promote vertical stacking of melt batches, pluton floor subsidence, and compositional stratification. Model-derived magma supply rates (0.15–0.3 km³/yr per extraction pulse; 0.001–0.002 km³/yr averaged over the total time extraction events) align with observed Central Andean magmatic systems. Melt extraction accelerates heat transport, producing early heat flux peaks (0.5–2 Myr) via the heat pipe mechanism, introduced in geoscience literature as a rapid transport of heat and mass through the lithosphere. This effect, quantified by a Nusselt number, increases with greater extracted melt volumes and shallower intrusions. Comparison with Central Andean heat flux data suggests a heat pipe Nusselt number of ∼3.5, indicating extraction and intrusion enhance heat transport by this factor. These findings provide insights into the interplay between magmatism, heat transfer, and pluton evolution in continental crust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active fault map and paleoseismology results from the Aceh Fault in North Sumatra, Indonesia: Unravelling faulting dynamics along the Great Sumatran Fault system","authors":"Gayatri Indah Marliyani ,&nbsp;Yann Klinger ,&nbsp;Aulia Kurnia Hady ,&nbsp;Agung Setianto ,&nbsp;Wenqian Yao ,&nbsp;Hurien Helmi ,&nbsp;Telly Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Retno Agung Prasetyo Kambali ,&nbsp;Zulham Sugito ,&nbsp;Abdi Jihad ,&nbsp;Yosi Setiawan ,&nbsp;Andi Azhar Rusdin ,&nbsp;Jimmi Nugraha ,&nbsp;Supriyanto Rohadi ,&nbsp;Rahmat Triyono ,&nbsp;Dwikorita Karnawati","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.230990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Aceh Fault, a major strike-slip fault forming the northernmost segment of Great Sumatran Fault, exhibits recent faulting through prominent scarps along its 250-km length. Running northwest-southeast, it traverses northwestern Sumatra from Tripa to Banda Aceh, a city of over 268,000 residents that is more commonly associated with the 2004 tsunami, but also lies directly on this active fault zone. Understanding the earthquake rupture history, including pre-instrumental events, is essential to characterize long-term seismic patterns and to assess associated hazards. We investigated the fault using 8-m resolution DEM (DEMNAS) for the entire fault zone, 15-cm resolution lidar DEM for selected areas, field mapping, and paleoseismology. Two paleoseismic trenches excavated in the Geumpang area reveal evidence of at least three ground-rupturing earthquakes over the past ∼1000 years. Event timing was constrained by radiocarbon analysis of detrital charcoal, providing sufficient chronological control to identify two well-dated events and one older event with lower precision. These results confirm that the Aceh Fault is active, delineate its surface trace, and offer the first detailed record of prehistoric earthquakes along this fault. This information contributes to improved seismic hazard mapping and a clearer understanding of tectonic risk in the Banda Aceh region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"918 ","pages":"Article 230990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}