Tappi Journal最新文献

{"title":"Causes of back-trap mottle in lithographic offset prints on coated papers","authors":"G. Engström","doi":"10.32964/TJ15.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ15.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Back-trap mottle is a common and serious print quality problem in lithographic offset printing of coated papers. It is caused by nonuniform ink retransfer from an already printed surface when it passes through a subsequent printing nip with the print in contact with the rubber blanket in that nip. A nonuniform surface porosity gives rise to mottle. A key parameter in mottling contexts is the coating mass distribution, which must be uniform. Good relationships between mottle and mass distribution have also been reported; the mottle pattern coincides with that of the coating mass distribution. High blade pressures, compressible base papers, and high water pick-up between application and metering, which plasticizes the paper, yield uniform mass distributions, but these parameters might have a detrimental effect on the runnability in blade coating in terms of web breaks. The general opinion has been that nonuniform surface porosity is caused by binder migration and enrichment of binder in the coating surface, more in the high coat weight areas and less in the low coat weight areas. Recent research has suggested that a more probable mechanism is depletion of binder in the coating surface. Nonuniform shrinkage of the pigment matrix (filter cake) formed during the consolidation between the first critical concentration (FCC) and the second critical concentration (SCC) is another possible mechanism. Relevant relaxation times for latex and the time scales for consolidation show that the high coat weight areas shrink more than the low coat weight areas in the coating layer. A recent pilot-scale experiment has shown that the drying strategy did not affect the differences in shrinkage between high and low coat weight areas. The drying strategy has a pronounced impact on mottle. A high evaporation rate at the beginning of the evaporation results in less mottle than a low evaporation rate. The least mottle is obtained if the drying is performed with a gap in the course of evaporation between the FCC and the SCC.","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical methane potential of kraft bleaching effluent and codigestion with other in-mill streams","authors":"T. Fitamo, O. Dahl, E. Master, T. Meyer","doi":"10.32964/TJ15.2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ15.2.80","url":null,"abstract":"A biochemical methane potential assay was conducted to investigate the anaerobic digestibility of bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping and the potential of codigestion with other effluents from an integrated pulp and paper mill. Four in-mill streams were tested individually and in combination: total bleaching effluent, alkaline bleaching effluent, kraft evaporator condensate, and chemithermomechanical pulping effluent. The total bleaching effluent, consisting of the chlorine dioxide bleaching and alkaline bleaching effluents, exhibited the highest potential for organic matter degradation and methane generation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ranged from 57%-76%, and methane generation was 220-280 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater, depending on the degree of dilution. When codigestion was tested, the composite consisting of total bleaching effluent, chemithermomechanical pulping effluent, and kraft condensate was most efficient in terms of COD removal (51%) and methane generation (200 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater). The total bleaching effluent is the largest contributor to the overall amount of wastewater at this mill; it contains relatively low concentrations of anaerobic inhibitors such as adsorbable organic halogens (36 mg/L), total sulfur (170 mg/L), and resin and fatty acids (3.2 mg/L). Therefore, the total bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping may be considered for full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment, either as a singular stream or as part of a composite stream including other in-mill effluents.","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconciling material balances with laboratory test results: The case of the inorganic-to-organic ratio in black liquor","authors":"J. D. Andrews, E. G. Alexander, P. Hart","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"593-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eucalyptus fiber modification using dielectric-barrier discharge","authors":"C. M. Jardim, R. C. Oliveira, J. Hsieh, A. Ragauskas, T. Elder","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.585","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"585-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned: Designing the forest biorefinery","authors":"F. Clerc, V. Chambost, P. Stuart","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"609-616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number","authors":"Yucheng Peng, D. Gardner","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"565-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheology of pulp suspensions of bleached sugarcane bagasse: Effect of consistency and temperature","authors":"Jorge H. Sánchez, German C. Quintana, Mery E. Fajardo","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"601-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case studies on sugar production from underutilized woody biomass using sulfite chemistry","authors":"J. Zhu, M. S. Chandra, R. Gleisner, William Gilles, Johnway Gao, G. Marrs, Dwight Anderson, J. Sessions","doi":"10.32964/TJ14.9.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ14.9.577","url":null,"abstract":"We examined two case studies to demonstrate the advantages of sulfite chemistry for pretreating underutilized woody biomass to produce sugars through enzymatic saccharification. In the first case study, we evaluated knot rejects from a magnesium-basedsulfite mill for direct enzymatic sugar production.We found that the sulfite mill rejects are an excellent feedstock for sugar production. In the second study, we presented SPORL (sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses),a sulfite pretreatment process based on modified sulfite pulping for robust bioconversion of softwood forest residues. Sulfite pulping technology is well developed, with proven commercial scalability, and sulfite pretreatment is a strong contender for commercial adoption. woody biomass through enzymatic saccharification. Application: Mills can consider sulfite chemistry, which has the advantage of high-yield sugar production from roducing sugars from underutilized woody biomass for pretreating woody biomass for sugar production using Pcan be a potential revenue stream for pulp mills enzymes. Unlike pulping, where the goal is to achieve without competing with feedstock for pulp production. as much as delignification as possible while preserving To efficiently release sugar from woody biomass through hemicelluloses, pretreating biomass for sugar production enzymatic saccharification, a pretreatment step is does not need to achieve complete delignification required to remove the strong recalcitrance of wood but requires significant dissolution of hemicelluloses polymer matrix to biological deconstruction [1]. Several [8] to produce a porous substrate to improve cellulose chemical-including pulping processes have been studied accessibility to cellulase. The dissolution of hemicelluloses for pretreating woody biomass [2-6]. However, limited can also fractionate hemicelluloses into the form of successes were achieved in terms of good sugar yield. monomeric sugars, which is very desirable for biomass Sulfite chemistry has several unique characteristics that biorefining. The ability of delignification by sulfite under are considered disadvantages for pulping; for example, acidic conditions can facilitate hemicellulose dissolution at deploymerization of hemicelluloses often results in pulps high temperatures to reduce reaction time while partially with low strength and yield [7]. Furthermore, acidic or solubilizing and sulfonating lignin. Table I lists the utility bisulfite pulping requires low temperature and prolonged of the characteristics of sulfite chemistry for enzymatic time for delignification to avoid lignin condensation at saccharification of woody biomass by comparing with low pH. However, these disadvantages can be beneficial their effects on wood pulping [9-13]. SEPTEMBER 2015 I VOL. 14 NO. 9 I TAPPI JOURNAL 577 9 We have demonstrated the robust performance of sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL), based on mod","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"577-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of strain rate and pulp properties on the stress-strain curve and relaxation rate of wet paper","authors":"Jarmo Kouko, E. Retulainen","doi":"10.32964/TJ14.8.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ14.8.515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New challenges regarding nonprocess elements in the liquor and lime cycle","authors":"M. Bialik, A. Jensen, Mikael Ahlroth","doi":"10.32964/tj14.7.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.7.421","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal performance of the green liquor plant, recausticizing plant, and lime cycle is vital for adequate white liquor availability and quality as well as for a mill's energy efficiency. Recently, ...","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"421-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}