The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik最新文献

Experiment Human – On early concentration camp testimony 实验人类-关于早期集中营的证词

The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53100/thsvncghhg

Daniel Krochmalnik

{"title":"Experiment Human – On early concentration camp testimony","authors":"Daniel Krochmalnik","doi":"10.53100/thsvncghhg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53100/thsvncghhg","url":null,"abstract":"The atrocities that the prisoners in the concentration and extermination camps\u0000 actually suffered in the 20th century can hardly be understood by outsiders like us\u0000 today, especially if one takes a closer look at the experiences of the survivors, who\u0000 offer cruel testimony on the human beast. This is also the case with the concentration\u0000 camp testimonies in Daniel Krochmalnik’s contribution, which tell of the deadly\u0000 experiments of the so-called ›Overman‹ and how he, inspired by the National Socialist\u0000 master-race ideology, assumed an almost divine mission to exterminate everything human\u0000 in his victims, so that death often seemed to be the only salvation. In view of such\u0000 descriptions, which pervade the entire concentration camp literature, one inevitably has\u0000 to ask oneself, as the author does, about the human condition and whether one can still\u0000 place hope in people after all this – because the shocking experiences of the homo\u0000 carceris in the concentration camps and gulags of the last century fundamentally shake\u0000 the self-understanding of the human as a moral being, who can in fact transform into an\u0000 angry beast at any time, especially under the influence of totalitarian systems of\u0000 thought and rule as that Chapter »Homo homini lupus« shows. Nevertheless, in the end the\u0000 author does not want to give up all hope in ›humanistic moral resources‹, even if the\u0000 very existence of the »camp man« seems to contradict this.","PeriodicalId":222541,"journal":{"name":"The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und\n Mystik","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115362839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adam as vicegerent of God 亚当是上帝的代理人

The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53100/nstlvyhcyf

M. Nestler

{"title":"Adam as vicegerent of God","authors":"M. Nestler","doi":"10.53100/nstlvyhcyf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53100/nstlvyhcyf","url":null,"abstract":"Ibn ʿArabī is considered to be one of the best-known and most influential mystics\u0000 within the Islamic tradition with an extremely extensive and complex oeuvre, which to\u0000 this day has been the subject of numerous studies in both East and West. The present\u0000 contribution is also dedicated to one of these writings, namely the work Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam,\u0000 and examines in the chapter on Adam his role as a vicegerent of God (ḫalīfat Allāh), who\u0000 in Ibn ʿArabī’s mystical doctrine of being is ascribed the status of a »perfect human«\u0000 (al-insān al-kāmil). Starting from Q 2:30-34, where Adam is presented as ḫalīfat Allāh,\u0000 the author presents a precise textual analysis of this first chapter in Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam\u0000 based on three levels of relationship which Adam has to the world, to the angels and to\u0000 God, showing how the perfection of Adam can be recognized and measured. In Ibn ʿArabī,\u0000 Adam is by no means only considered to be the first man and forefather of mankind, as\u0000 one could claim for the Koran and the Bible; first and foremost, he embodies the\u0000 prototype of man or the essence of human being itself, which basically has the ability\u0000 to manifest the attributes of God in such a way that it can attain the status of\u0000 perfection and vicegerency. This fundamental potential testifies to a special human\u0000 dignity, which is already expressed in the Koran using the figure of Adam and which is\u0000 also the subject of this study.","PeriodicalId":222541,"journal":{"name":"The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und\n Mystik","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121951074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adam – the first man or symbol of mankind? 亚当——第一个人还是人类的象征?

The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53100/zbcnbtryuigjnh

Maassouma Dabbous

引用次数: 0

Hindu worldviews 印度教的世界观

The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53100/nnmnozhfhqw

Liane Wobbe

{"title":"Hindu worldviews","authors":"Liane Wobbe","doi":"10.53100/nnmnozhfhqw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53100/nnmnozhfhqw","url":null,"abstract":"In Hinduism, animals are generally given great importance, which extends to\u0000 religious worship; humans and animals have a special relationship to one another\u0000 according to Hindu ideas, which is the subject of this treatise. To explain these in\u0000 more detail, the author first offers an exemplary look into the understanding of the\u0000 essence of humans and animals by explaining some important theological-philosophical\u0000 foundations and terms of the Hindu religion and describing how the eternal divine,\u0000 called brahman, relates to the world of matter, to humans and to animals. According to\u0000 the idea, the divine self is the epitome of all living beings, so that the animals also\u0000 have a soul which, out of respect for the divine, is to be treated with respect and\u0000 dignity like humans. With this, Hinduism formulates a special animal ethic which, as the\u0000 second chapter illustrates, considers humans and animals together, since both are, as it\u0000 were, integrated into the rebirth cycle and subject to the principle of karma. Another\u0000 aspect of the relationship between humans and animals is shown in the religious cult of\u0000 the Hindus, which is the subject of the third and final chapter. Here the author goes\u0000 into the numerous mythological and iconographic depictions of animals that are worshiped\u0000 as symbols of the divine and that can ultimately also be understood as signs of the\u0000 substantial bond between humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":222541,"journal":{"name":"The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und\n Mystik","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127652793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The known unknown: Revelation and the unconscious 已知的未知:启示与无意识

The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53100/plyxcvfdgr

Nora B. Schmidt

{"title":"The known unknown: Revelation and the unconscious","authors":"Nora B. Schmidt","doi":"10.53100/plyxcvfdgr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53100/plyxcvfdgr","url":null,"abstract":"With this essay, the author attempts a depth-psychological interpretation of\u0000 knowledge of religious revelation by examining two narrative parables (amṯāl) from the\u0000 Koran on the ›subject level‹, which in Sura 36 and Sura 18 belong to the oldest Koranic\u0000 examples listed under the generic term maṯal. Following in the footsteps of Eugen\u0000 Drewermann, who with his work Tiefenpsychologie und Exegese opened the doors wide for a\u0000 depth-psychological interpretation of the Bible and at the same time rejected the\u0000 promise of salvation of historical-critical interpretations, the author also goes into\u0000 the wide field of the unconscious to uncover mental images of individuation processes\u0000 hidden behind the often allegorical Koranic ›experiences of revelation‹. In the context\u0000 of psychoanalysis and with a view to the genre of the maṯal, she discusses the epistemic\u0000 function of parables, as they also appear in the Old and New Testaments, and describes\u0000 them as a special form of teaching that, due to its pictorial nature, always reveal an\u0000 »abyss to not-knowing«. The aim of the parable is therefore not to convey a\u0000 predetermined and teachable knowledge; rather the intended act of understanding lies in\u0000 not knowing or the unconscious, so that psychological developments can be set in motion\u0000 on the basis of subjective human experiences and inner processes can be made\u0000 recognizable. Using the example of the parable from Sura 36, she also shows that a\u0000 depth-psychological interpretation is likewise a part of the Islamic exegesis tradition,\u0000 especially if one takes into account the Sufi commentaries, which also contain\u0000 interpretations on the subject level, as can be seen in the Tafsīr of Pseudo-Ibn ʿArabī\u0000 from the 12th century.","PeriodicalId":222541,"journal":{"name":"The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und\n Mystik","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130643854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Animal rights – Jewish perspectives 动物权利——犹太人的观点

The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53100/bvnmxbhgbhgjb

Ronen Pinkas

{"title":"Animal rights – Jewish perspectives","authors":"Ronen Pinkas","doi":"10.53100/bvnmxbhgbhgjb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53100/bvnmxbhgbhgjb","url":null,"abstract":"This article raises the question why is it that, despite Jewish tradition devoting\u0000 much thought to the status and treatment of animals and showing strict adherence to the\u0000 notion of preventing their pain and suffering, ethical attitudes to animals are not\u0000 dealt with systematically in the writings of Jewish philosophers and have not received\u0000 sufficient attention in the context of moral monotheism. What has prevented the\u0000 expansion of the golden rule: »Love your fellow as yourself: I am the LORD« (Lev 19,18)\u0000 and »That which is hateful to you do not do to another« (BT Shabbat 31a:6; JT Nedarim\u0000 30b:1) to animals? Why is it that the moral responsibility for the fellow-man, the\u0000 neighbor, or the other, has been understood as referring only to a human companion? Does\u0000 the demand for absolute moral responsibility spoken from the face of the other, which\u0000 Emmanuel Levinas emphasized in his ethics, not radiate from the face of the non-human\u0000 other as well? Levinas’s ethics explicitly negates the principle of reciprocity and\u0000 moral symmetry: The ›I‹ is committed to the other, regardless of the other’s attitude\u0000 towards him. Does the affinity to the eternal Thou which Martin Buber also discovers in\u0000 plants and animals not require a paradigmatic change in the attitude towards\u0000 animals?","PeriodicalId":222541,"journal":{"name":"The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und\n Mystik","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127160655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The image of man in the Koran 《古兰经》中的人的形象

The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53100/zhgnvikgoljnj

M. Esfahani

{"title":"The image of man in the Koran","authors":"M. Esfahani","doi":"10.53100/zhgnvikgoljnj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53100/zhgnvikgoljnj","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an insight into Koranic anthropology and looks at the\u0000 essence of man in his relationship with God. Here the author starts from the term insān\u0000 as one of several terms for »man« occurring in the Koran, which, according to the\u0000 representation of the Arabic lexicographer al-Ḫalīl ibn Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī (d. ca. 791)\u0000 in the Kitāb al-ʿain, refers back to the three-radical root n-s-y with the basic meaning\u0000 »forget«. With the term insān al-ʿain, literally »the man of the eye«, which in Arabic\u0000 denotes the pupil, he shows that seeing, perceiving and cognizing are essential\u0000 characteristics of human beings which, on closer examination, include forgetting, since\u0000 human beings can only see and recognize what they are actually looking at, while\u0000 everything else is inevitably forgotten. The author considers this meaning in the\u0000 context of some fundamental verses of the Koran, which clarify the complex dimensions of\u0000 the human being in his relationship to God and the world, in order to finally show that\u0000 man is capable of assuming the highest and lowest levels of being, depending on his\u0000 degree of perception and knowledge.","PeriodicalId":222541,"journal":{"name":"The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und\n Mystik","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123926894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The image of man in the creation narratives of the Bible 《圣经》创造叙事中的人的形象

The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und Mystik Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.53100/opqiirhjrhnmb

Birgit Zweigle

{"title":"The image of man in the creation narratives of the Bible","authors":"Birgit Zweigle","doi":"10.53100/opqiirhjrhnmb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53100/opqiirhjrhnmb","url":null,"abstract":"How self-images, the perceptions of others, and caricatures can fundamentally\u0000 shape human existence and what role the image of man plays in the Bible are discussed by\u0000 the author with her examination of the two creation narratives in Gen 1,1-2,4a and Gen\u0000 2,4b-3,24. After a brief introduction to the origins and the differences between the\u0000 Priestly and Jahwist accounts of creation, she first analyzes the Priestly account,\u0000 which focuses on the creation of the world as a whole. The idea expressed here of the\u0000 human being as an ›image of God‹, which includes women and men equally, initially paints\u0000 an exceedingly positive picture of people and the world, so that the author asks herself\u0000 whether ultimately this story doesn’t seem almost naive, since there is no evil in it at\u0000 all and everything is given the predicate ›good‹. With this question she goes into the\u0000 analysis of the second account of creation, which focuses more on the creation of man\u0000 and describes him as a kind of »in-between being made of divine breath and matter«. Here\u0000 it becomes clear that it is man who gives existence to evil by reaching for the fruits\u0000 of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil without authority, obeying the voice of\u0000 Satan more than that of God. This turns his salvific state into an unsalvific one, which\u0000 according to this idea continues to this day. Divided into a before and after, the\u0000 author examines this biblical account of ›the Fall‹ in detail in order to summarize\u0000 subsequently what constructive and destructive meanings can be read out of these two\u0000 accounts of creation for our present image of man.","PeriodicalId":222541,"journal":{"name":"The Turn - Zeitschrift fuer islamische Philosophie, Theologie und\n Mystik","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129333034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0