{"title":"Strategies for using NMR spectroscopy to determine absolute configuration","authors":"Thomas J. Wenzel","doi":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>General strategies by which NMR spectroscopy can be used to assign </span>absolute configuration<span> are discussed. These include the use of chiral derivatizing and chiral solvating agents. Areas that are well developed and areas of need in this field are described. The future potential of using aligning media such as chiral liquid crystals and odd-parity effects that may make it possible to determine absolute configuration without the need for an enantiomerically pure reagent are discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":22237,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron, asymmetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90617663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amber L. Thompson , Sarah F. Jenkinson , George W.J. Fleet
{"title":"Some experimental aspects of absolute configuration determination using single crystal X-ray diffraction","authors":"Amber L. Thompson , Sarah F. Jenkinson , George W.J. Fleet","doi":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Students of single crystal X-ray diffraction are often give advice as to how best to collect their data when attempting absolute configuration determination. These ‘rules’ often have more grounding in gut-feeling than evidence. Thus, in an effort to provide advice and evidence that today’s crystallographers can pass onto to tomorrow’s young scientists, we present a systematic study of 1-deoxy-</span><span>l</span>-arabinitol, a straight chain sugar which crystalises well in the space group <span><math><mrow><mtext>I</mtext><msub><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22237,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron, asymmetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.08.016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89068103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some new protocols for the assignment of absolute configuration by NMR spectroscopy using chiral solvating agents and CDAs","authors":"Sandeep Kumar Mishra, Nagarajarao Suryaprakash","doi":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The utility of enantiopure BINOL (1,10-Bi-2-naphthol), in a ternary ion-pair complex, which is obtained using a carboxylic acid and an organic base, as a versatile chiral solvating agent (CSA) has been demonstrated for chiral analysis and the </span>absolute configuration<span> assignment of hydroxy acids. Another protocol where the utility of NOBIN as a CSA has been developed for discrimination and absolute configuration assignment of acids, hydroxy acids and their derivatives with a distinct strategy where a third ingredient, </span></span><em>p</em>-toluenesulfonic acid (<em>p</em><span><span>-TsOH) serves as a linker. In addition some three component chiral derivatization protocols have been introduced, such as the use of 2-formylphenylboronic acid and enantiopure </span>mandelic acid<span> or a primary amine for the determination of the configuration of primary amines and hydroxy acids, respectively. A simple, rapid and highly efficient three component chiral derivatizing protocol has also been discussed which was developed for assigning the absolute configuration of chiral α-hydroxy acids and their derivatives, which involves the coupling of 2-formylphenylboronic acid with (</span></span><em>R</em>)-[1,1-binaphthalene]-2,2-diamine, and (<em>S</em>)-[1,1-binaphthalene]-2,2-diamine separately. In a few examples, the DFT based theoretical calculations have been carried out to determine the geometry optimized structures of the complexes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22237,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron, asymmetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88605905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special Issue in memory of Howard D Flack, who died suddenly in February 2017","authors":"David J. Watkin","doi":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Howard Flack made significant contributions to many branches of crystallography (<em>J. Appl. Cryst</em>. <strong>2017</strong>, 50, 666–667), but he was probably best known for his derivation of an expression for the robust determination of the absolute structure of crystals, and hence of the absolute configuration of the molecules from which they were made (<em>Acta Cryst</em>. <strong>1983</strong>, A39, 876–881). This expression included a parameter which Flack called ‘<em>x</em>’, but which the rest of the world called ‘<em>The Flack Parameter</em>’.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22237,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron, asymmetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83829867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elvia Becerra-Martínez , Francisco Ayala-Mata , Pedro Velázquez-Ponce , Manuel E. Medina , Hugo A. Jiménez-Vazquez , Pedro Joseph-Nathan , L. Gerardo Zepeda
{"title":"Nucleophilic additions on acetyldioxanes derived from (−)-(1R)-myrtenal used as chiral auxiliaries: substituent effects on the stereochemical outcome","authors":"Elvia Becerra-Martínez , Francisco Ayala-Mata , Pedro Velázquez-Ponce , Manuel E. Medina , Hugo A. Jiménez-Vazquez , Pedro Joseph-Nathan , L. Gerardo Zepeda","doi":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis of acetyldioxanes <strong>4</strong> and <strong>9a</strong> starting from (−)-(1<em>R</em><span>)-myrtenal is described. The products were treated with a representative series of nucleophilic reagents (RMgX, RLi, NaBH</span><sub>4</sub> and LiAlH<sub>4</sub><span>) to assess the effect of the substituent at C-3 on the stereochemical outcome. It was observed that the nucleophiles preferred the </span><em>re</em>-face of the C<img><span>O group when the equatorial substituent at C-3 was a methyl group<span>, whereas a phenyl group at the same position induced the addition through the </span></span><em>si</em><span>-face, thus allowing access to either desired stereochemistry<span> of a final product. This behavior suggests that the formation of the expected Cram-chelated coordination complex takes a coplanar orientation with the C-3 equatorial substituent. Moreover, Grignard reagents were the most stereoselective nucleophiles. The stereochemistry of the addition was established by X-ray diffraction and chemical correlation.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":22237,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron, asymmetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.07.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76879328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Verification study for an empirical rule in diverse helical conformational behaviors of asymmetric 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols in the solution state","authors":"Yoshihiro Nishida , Yuan Mengfei , Kaito Fujisawa , Sakura Kitagawa , Hirofumi Dohi , Hirotaka Uzawa","doi":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Cell-membrane glycerophospholipids and </span>glycolipids have a common asymmetric skeleton of 1,2-diacyl-</span><em>sn</em><span>-glycerols. The 1,2-diacyl moiety in solutions permits a rapid equilibrium among three helical conformers, namely gt(+), gg(−), and tg, to display diverse conformational properties. The conformational property changes variably not only by head groups at the </span><em>sn</em><span>-3 position, but also by the solvent conditions applied. Recently, we came across an empirical rule in the conformational diversity in the solution state when we assumed the term of ‘helical disparity’ for the equilibrium between gt(+) and gg(−) conformers with reversed helical signs for each other. The sign and magnitude of the helical disparity (%) governs the (+)- or (−)-chirality around the lipid tail and corresponds to the magnitude of the exciton couplet CD (circular dichroism) bands. The empirical rule expresses that the disparity (%) changes linearly by the function of gt(+) population (%). Herein, the rule was verified by </span><sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy using different types of 1,2-diacyl-<em>sn</em>-glycerols as model compounds. The present paper describes that the rule is formulated with a general equation (Eq-1): ‘helical disparity (%)’ = [gt(+)−gg(−)] (%) = A[gt(+)−B], in which A and B are constants taking values around 1.3 and 38, respectively. This rule is maintained regardless of the 1,2-diacyl and <em>sn</em>-3 substituent groups as far as examined here, while affording several exceptions. With Eq-1 (A = 1.3, B = 38), a conformational diagram can be obtained. This allows us to overview the diverse helical conformational properties of the asymmetric 1,2-diacyl-<em>sn</em>-glycerols in the solutions state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22237,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron, asymmetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76294121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philipp M. Holstein , Julian J. Holstein , Eduardo C. Escudero-Adán , Olivier Baudoin , Antonio M. Echavarren
{"title":"Ferrocene derivatives of liquid chiral molecules allow assignment of absolute configuration by X-ray crystallography","authors":"Philipp M. Holstein , Julian J. Holstein , Eduardo C. Escudero-Adán , Olivier Baudoin , Antonio M. Echavarren","doi":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The present study investigates a synthetically simple ferrocene </span>derivatization<span> of natural products<span> and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Seven new crystal structures are analyzed together with 16 structures of ferrocene derivatives reported previously. In all cases, the unambiguous determination of the absolute structure was established from anomalous dispersion using the methods of Flack and Parsons. A comparison with other derivatization approaches shows the advantage of the described ferrocene derivatization for establishing the absolute configuration of novel compounds.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":22237,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron, asymmetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74069962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}