Power engineering: research, equipment, technology最新文献

{"title":"Axial distribution of gas temperature and sound speed in a pipe with a swirled flame","authors":"A. Malahov, V. Larionov, N. V. Konstantinov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-63-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-63-71","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier, an experimental and theoretical study of pulsating combustion in a pipe with a tangential supply of a mixture of propane-butane fuel with air was carried out. It was found that the results of calculating the frequencies of gas oscillations differ significantly from the experimental data. One of the reasons is the hypothetical nature of the axial distribution of the speed of sound in the combustion chamber. In this work, this distribution is found on the basis of calculated and experimental data on the gas temperature at the ends of the pipe.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117354030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the operating mode of a squirrel-cage induction motor","authors":"D. A. Vasiliev, L. A. Panteleeva, E. Gracheva","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-92-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-92-101","url":null,"abstract":"THE PURPOSE. The presented work aims to optimize the operating mode of an asynchronous motor (AM) with a short-circuited rotor. To implement energy-efficient modes of operation of AM, operating in the resources of a rational electric drive, it is necessary to determine the numerical values of the parameters of the AM equivalent circuit, the currents flowing through the circuit element. There is no significance to this important definition of squirrel-cage currents, in accordance with the identification of the allocation of squirrel-cage rotor currents, which requires a solution along with the determination of the parameters of the IM equivalent circuit.METHODS. To analyze the work of AM in technical and educational formulations, equivalent circuits are presented, which turn into circuits with serial and analytical connections of active and inductive connections. For the established and transient operating modes of AM, it is important to determine the stator and rotor currents, their active and reactive components. In this regard, it is proposed to present the IM equivalent circuit in the form of conductivities connected in parallel, which will allow determining the components of IM currents without complex mathematical models. The replacement circuit of AM consisting of a series and parallel connection of active and inductive resistances has been converted into a circuit consisting of conductances. When converting the AM equivalent circuit, no additional dependencies and coefficients were introduced, and all assumptions that are accepted for IM equivalent circuits refer to the circuit under consideration. RESULTS. It was decided to use the equivalent circuit of one phase of AM, expressed in terms of the conductivities of the stator and rotor. According to the found dependences of conductivities, for the proposed equivalent circuit, the corresponding currents and powers of the AM phase are determined. Formulate the basic principle of optimal frequency control of AM, according to the criterion of energy saving. As an indicator of the efficiency of AM operation in steady-state operating modes, the minimum value of the total losses of the engine, the value of which is determined by the ratio of the product of the active conductivity of the rotor circuit q2s and the active conductivity of the phase q to the square of total conductivity y.CONCLUSION. Based on the results of the analysis of the characteristics of an asynchronous motor, the following conclusion was drawn: the motor will operate with minimal losses if the amplitude of the supply voltage is changed so that the slip of the asynchronous motor is equal to the critical value sξ for a given frequency. For the investigated engine AIR100S4, the critical value is sξ=0.0613 at a network frequency of 50 Hz. The method proposed in the work allows to reduce the loss of active power by 3-5% in the motor windings.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123012334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian experience in the use of chemical water treatment waste in economic activity: prospects for use in the treatment of sewage sludge (review article)","authors":"V. I. Korolev, E. Zvereva","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-47-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-47-62","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. To consider the experience of using chemical water treatment waste in economic activity. To analyze scientific publications of Russian and foreign authors in order to determine the most popular industries in this waste and information about projects already implemented in Russia and abroad. To provide a brief analysis of the main areas of processing and disposal of sewage sludge in the world and in Russia. To assess the prospects for the use of chemical water treatment waste in the treatment of sewage sludge.METHODS. To achieve this goal, an assessment of the environmental impact of chemical water treatment waste on the environmental situation and human health was carried out on the example of Kazan CHP-1 (KTEC-1). A number of studies of KTEC-1 carbonate sludge have been carried out to determine the granulometric and elemental composition. results. The physico-chemical composition of carbonate sludge depends on a number of parameters of the water treatment system at an energy facility: the process of liming and coagulation of water, the amount of insoluble salts, the dewatering technology used, etc. Carbonate sludge is insoluble in water, has a typical chemical composition containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), magnesium oxide (MgO), iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), etc.CONCLUSION. The use of this type of technological process makes it possible to reduce the amount of calcium oxide used and replace it with calcium oxide from carbonate sludge. The use of carbonate sludge as a sediment stabilizer due to the CaO content is confirmed by laboratory studies. Due to these data, the disposal of chemical water treatment waste is ensured, less pollution of environmental objects is achieved.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116391314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of the development of the technology of light-weight concrete based on diatomite rocks and instrument study of its thermal conductivity","authors":"A. A. Sinitsin, O. Soloveva, I. Akhmetova, Y. Vankov, L. Zakrevskaya, M. Ananiev, R. Shakurova","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-124-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-124-132","url":null,"abstract":"THE PURPOSE. One of the directions of energy saving and energy efficiency improvement is the reduction of consumption of fuel and energy resources. A large amount of thermal energy is spent on heating buildings and structures during the heating season. To reduce heat losses through the building envelope, various heat-insulating materials with low thermal conductivity are used. The purpose of this research was to study the problem of developing the technology of lightweight concrete based on diatomite rocks, as well as uneven inclusions of filler from microspherical granules arising during its creation, assessing the effect of the presence of zones not occupied by microgranules on the insulating properties of the composite material, as well as determining the effect of the volume content of microspherical granules on the value of thermal conductivity.METHODS. In this work, we studied the production of lightweight structural concrete with porous aggregate synthesized from diatomite  rocks of the Vladimir region, as well as the effect of the presence of zones not occupied by microgranules on the insulating properties of the composite material. RESULTS. The results showed that the distribution of microgranules in the matrix has a significant effect on the insulating properties of the composite, and the presence of voids in the material contributes to heat losses and a decrease in the thermal resistance of the material.CONCLUSION. The technology for obtaining the developed concrete does not differ from the technology for the production of high-class concrete, which allows the use of widely used concrete equipment.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124876481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of carcinogenic pahs in boiler flue gases thermal capacity up to 1 Mw","authors":"M. Ivanitskiy","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-83-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-83-91","url":null,"abstract":"THE PURPOSE. In accordance with the new requirements of domestic environmental legislation, technological principles of state regulation of the negative impact of energy enterprises on the environment have been introduced. The established principles of environmental protection activities provide for technological regulation of emissions based on the introduction of the best available technologies, as well as differentiation of state regulatory measures to ensure the environmental safety of thermal power facilities. Within the framework of the current environmental legislation, it is shown that it is necessary to determine emission standards for highly toxic substances that have carcinogenic properties. The main representatives of carcinogenic PAHs found in the flue gases of boilers of low power up to 1 MW are considered.METHODS. The research methods included the generalization of experimental data and thecalculated assessment of the content of carcinogenic emissions, including benz(a)pyrene in the flue gases of boilers using statistical data processing methods.RESULTS. The necessity of taking into account the contribution of the harmfulness of carcinogenic PAHs in the system of industrial environmental control at thermal power facilities during the operation of low-power boilers is determined.CONCLUSION. The results of the study can be used at energy enterprises to implement the requirements of the new environmental legislation in terms of technological regulation of carcinogenic emissions, including for the development of measures to improve environmental performance indicators.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"365 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113983221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current state of the problems of functioning of relay protection and automation complexes used in an active adaptive network","authors":"I. Ivanov, V. Novokreshchenov, V. Ivanova","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-102-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-102-123","url":null,"abstract":"THE PURPOSE. To analyze the influence of series compensation devices on the operating modes of power transmission lines. To identify problems of functioning of relay protection and automation complexes when they are used on power transmission lines with a series compensation device.METHODS. The analysis of literature data and data of international information exchange is carried out.RESULTS. The study describes the relevance of the topic, considers the main elements of an electric power system with an active adaptive network; reveals the current state of affairs on the use of elements of an active adaptive network in the Unified Energy System of Russia, as well as prospects for further implementation of these elements in the Unified Energy System of the Russian Federation. The study shows the scope of application of series compensation devices with the inductive resistance for their placement on power transmission lines, and the optimal distance between series compensation devices, as well as the optimal parameters of the capacitive resistance relative to the resistance of the network. The study discloses problems of functioning of various types of relay protection and automation on power transmission lines with a series compensation device.CONCLUSION. The use of a reactance series compensation device on the line causes problems of functioning for all types of relay protection and automation devices, namely: current, remote, differential and reclosing automation. At the moment, for the listed types and kinds of protection, there are scientific developments to solve these problems with their inherent advantages and disadvantages. The study indicates the most acute disadvantages of the differential relay protection.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114508951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental characteristics of thermal utilization of waste with external and internal supply of thermal energy","authors":"A. V. Demin, G. Demina","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-143-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-143-152","url":null,"abstract":"THE PURPOSE. Identification of optimal regimes for autothermal and allothermic methods of gasification of plant biomass in terms of energy parameters of generator gases, as well as determination of environmental indicators during subsequent combustion of generator gases to obtain thermal energy.METHODS. When modeling gasification processes, a nonstoichiometric model was used, based on the assumption that a chemically reacting multicomponent mixture is in a state of thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium, which corresponds to the minimum value of the isobaric-isothermal potential. When modeling the combustion of generator gas in a mixture with air, a kinetic model of a perfectly mixed flow reactor was used and the detailed mechanism of chemical interaction for the C-H-O-N-S reacting system was taken into account. The calorific value of generator gas obtained by steam gasification and external supply of thermal energy is significantly higher than the calorific value of gas obtained by internal supply of thermal energy. However, the values of the energy potential and thermochemical efficiency are very close for both types of gasification.RESULTS. For plant biomass with a given averaged elemental composition, gasification conditions are determined that increase the degree of conversion of initial materials into generator gas. In particular, for the autothermal gasification method, the maximum calculated values of the energy potential of dry ash-free generator gas and thermochemical efficiency were obtained at an excess air coefficient α ≈ 0.32. For the allothermic gasification method, the maximum calculated values of the energy potential of the generator gas and the thermochemical efficiency correspond to the gasification temperature range T ≈ 1050 -1100 K and the mass fraction of the supplied steam gH2O ≈ 0.217. To ensure these conditions, it will be necessary to supply thermal energy through combustion of ≈ 37 wt. % generator gas. Generator gas produced by the allothermic method has higher energy performance, and the negative impact on the environment during its subsequent combustion is characterized by lower specific CO and CO2 emissions in terms of a ton of reference fuel.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132487992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engine room thermal density specials in heating systems shutdow process","authors":"M A Razakov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-133-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-133-142","url":null,"abstract":"THE PURPOSE. Consider the effect of heating system turning off process on the engine room thermal density in a high-voltage city sewage pumping station. Determine how the heating system shutdown affects to the considered room thermal regimes with unchanged requirements for the indoor air microclimate thermal and moisture parameters. Do a numerical experiment which simulates the stationary thermal regime of engine room and taking into account the main technological process in this room of a high-voltage city sewage pumpingstation. Perform adaptation of thermal regime developed model to simulate the heating system turning off process. Describe the distribution of heat losses in the engine room while maintaining a constant air temperature. METHODS. When solving the task, author has used the method of calculating the engine room design stationary mode.RESULTS. Researcher describes the relevance of the topic, considers the specials of the change in the engine room thermal density when the heating system is turned of and other factors. Author has presented the results of the thermal excesses calculation for different numbers of operating pumps and changes in wastewater temperature.CONCLUSION. The turning off process of the heating system reduces the thermal density of the engine room by an average of 0.3 - 0.4 W/m3. This method of energy saving helps to reduce the consumption of thermal energy and could be used in this part of sewage pumping station. The economical effect of proposed energy saving measurement will be in economical index reducing. It will be 890 000 rubles saving per year for this type of sewage pumping station in designed mode.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130424389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction and analysis of power consumption and power loss at industrial facilities","authors":"E. Y. Abdullazyanov, E. Gracheva, A. Alzakkar, M. Nizamiev, O. Shumikhina, S. Valtchev","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-3-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-3-12","url":null,"abstract":"THE PURPOSE. Conduct a study to improve the reliability of forecasting the magnitude of power consumption and power losses at an industrial enterprise.METHODS. Methods are used to determine and predict the parameters of consumption and losses of electricity at industrial facilities.RESULTS. To clarify the magnitude of electricity losses, it is proposed to use coefficients that take into account the type of load curves and show the ratio of the values of the sum of the squares of currents (powers) of the variable load curve and the values of the sum of average currents (powers), that is. the ratio of power losses during load operation according to variable and uniform schedules (Kgraph), as well as a coefficient that takes into account the topology of the circuit (Ktop). The study of radial and main circuits of networks was carried out and the losses of electricity were determined using the proposed coefficients. The values of equivalent resistances of shop circuits of networks of various topologies are calculated. The operational data of the section of the workshop network are given. It was revealed that with a constant technological process, an increase in the equivalent resistance of the network circuit is due to an increase in the resistance of the contacts of switching devices installed on the lines. The value of the estimated supply of electricity was determined using the parameter of the average value of the equivalent resistance. At the same time, the error in calculating the estimated supply in relation to the actual annual supply of electricity amounted to 2,63%. According to the retrospective values of the average equivalent resistance of the circuit, it is possible to determine the predicted value of this parameter using the average value of the coefficient of change in the equivalent resistance. These characteristics of the scheme are recommended to be used in the assessment and forecasting of losses and the estimated supply of electricity, which will increase the reliability of the predicted parameters for industrial facilities.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124452551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the accident at Reftinskaya GRES, which occurred on 08/22/2016","authors":"A. Avetisyan, D. Efimov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-37-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-37-46","url":null,"abstract":"THE PURPOSE. The work is devoted to the study and analysis of the accident on August 22, 2016 at the Reftinskaya GRES, which resulted in the operation of technological protection and, as a result, cascade shutdowns with a violation of the integrity of the UES of Russia. It should be noted that Reftinskaya GRES is one of the largest thermal power plants in Russia, with an installed capacity of 3800 MW.METHODS. Within the framework of the task set, the authors carried out a number of studies aimed at identifying cause-and-effect relationships on the basis of accident investigation acts.RESULTS. The grounds for the occurrence and development of the accident are investigated and the main causes of the accident are identified.CONCLUSION. A unified cause-and-effect diagram of the occurrence and development of an accident was compiled, indicating the events, the time of their occurrence and the links between them.","PeriodicalId":222237,"journal":{"name":"Power engineering: research, equipment, technology","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114531120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}