Journal of Science Policy & Governance最新文献_第5页

SDG 13-Climate Action & Open Science: Accelerating Practices 可持续发展目标13:气候行动与开放科学:加速实践

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210206

I. Johnstone

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Open Science Policy Recommendations Proposed in India’s 5th Science, Technology & Innovation Policy Draft 印度第五次科技创新政策草案开放科学政策建议分析

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210208

Moumita Koley

{"title":"Analysis of Open Science Policy Recommendations Proposed in India’s 5th Science, Technology & Innovation Policy Draft","authors":"Moumita Koley","doi":"10.38126/jspg210208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38126/jspg210208","url":null,"abstract":"One of the core principles of science is to aid socio-economic growth. Open science is a movement that reinforces the primacy of science in the direction of economic and social welfare. UNESCO's recommendation on open science aims to provide an international framework for open science policy and practice. It endorses unrestricted access to scholarly publications and data, the use of digital technologies to drive scientific processes, more collaboration and cooperation among the actors in the scientific ecosystem, sharing of research infrastructure, acknowledgment of diverse knowledge systems, and science for society. Open science could enable a productive science ecosystem in global south countries through efficient knowledge circulation, resource sharing, and collaboration. Analysis of open science policy from a global south country can provide valuable insights. India is preparing to adopt an open science framework recommended in the 5th Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (STIP) draft, released in December 2020. The STIP draft recommends open access to articles and research data from publicly funded projects, access to research infrastructure beyond the boundary of academic and research institutions, strengthening of Indian journals, and open educational resources. However, the draft lacks an exhaustive implementation plan. The draft falls short in devising strategies to foster collaboration between actors of the STI ecosystem, the inclusion of traditional knowledge systems, and society's role in knowledge creation processes. The science policymakers and advisers of the Department of Science and Technology and the government of India should probe these areas to develop a more effective and inclusive open science framework.","PeriodicalId":222224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science Policy & Governance","volume":"42 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114042972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pirates of Privacy: How Companies Profit Off Your Personal Data by Using Capital Surveillance Methods in Criminal Prosecution 隐私的海盗:公司如何在刑事起诉中利用资本监控方法从你的个人数据中获利

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210106

Shayna Koczur

{"title":"Pirates of Privacy: How Companies Profit Off Your Personal Data by Using Capital Surveillance Methods in Criminal Prosecution","authors":"Shayna Koczur","doi":"10.38126/jspg210106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38126/jspg210106","url":null,"abstract":"Surveillance involves monitoring an individual as a method of obtaining information for future use, and is defined as continuous observation of a place, person, group, or ongoing activity in order to gather information. Governments are normally restricted by judicial safeguards such as warrants and common law when it comes to surveillance methods of obtaining an individual’s private data. However, private companies are not. When users agree to terms and conditions on technology apps they often are not aware that they are consenting to being monitored and their information could easily be sold, even to the government. This process of capturing and commodifying personal data for profit-making is commonly referred to as “surveillance capitalism”. Surveillance capitalism poses a threat to privacy rights because the methods by which users’ online data is collected are overly intrusive due to the nature of how the data is stored on these apps. Additionally, the data collected by private companies can be sold, distributed, and used against the user’s legal interests and liberties. However, both International Law and the United States Constitutional Law recognize the right to privacy. This raises the question: How do we protect privacy rights when much of our personal data is now stored digitally and on technological applications that society is becoming reliant on for everyday tasks? Privacy laws have not yet adapted to address this modern day challenge. This article discusses the legal understanding of privacy rights, the threat modern-day surveillance capitalism poses to those rights, and possible solutions for updating outdated privacy laws.","PeriodicalId":222224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science Policy & Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130215241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experiential Learning for Training Future Science Policy and Diplomacy Experts 培养未来科学政策和外交专家的体验式学习

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210103

F. Doole, Shelley Littin, Samuel Myers, Gowri Somasekhar, J. Steyaert, K. Lansey

{"title":"Experiential Learning for Training Future Science Policy and Diplomacy Experts","authors":"F. Doole, Shelley Littin, Samuel Myers, Gowri Somasekhar, J. Steyaert, K. Lansey","doi":"10.38126/jspg210103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38126/jspg210103","url":null,"abstract":"Experiential Learning is a useful tool to prepare negotiators and politicians in the art of diplomacy and can have a unique value in Science Policy and Diplomacy training. This workshop review summarizes two EL activities undertaken in a University of Arizona SPD course. The first was a semester-long project in conjunction with graduate and undergraduate students from a UA climate change adaptation course and the United States Department of State’s Diplomacy Lab. For this project, students researched issues and potential policies to address climate change effects on water, energy, and food resources in the Lower Mekong river basin. The second activity was the Mercury Game, a negotiation simulation that challenged students to represent interests of various countries to tackle an international environmental issue. Student survey results and other feedback demonstrate that EL is a valuable tool for SPD education and preparation for practice. Insights into how faculty, staff and students can facilitate EL in coursework are also discussed. This paper is authored by the student participants and documents their outcomes and perceptions after completing these activities.","PeriodicalId":222224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science Policy & Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129565294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of COVID-19 on Remote Work Policies COVID-19对远程工作政策的影响

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210101

Peter-John Damon

引用次数: 0

To ban or not to ban. Analyzing the banning process of autonomous weapon systems 禁止还是不禁止。自主武器系统禁制过程分析

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210102

Celien De Stercke

{"title":"To ban or not to ban. Analyzing the banning process of autonomous weapon systems","authors":"Celien De Stercke","doi":"10.38126/jspg210102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38126/jspg210102","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, autonomous weapon systems (AWS), also known as ‘killer robots’, have been the subject of widespread debate. These systems impose various ethical, legal, and societal concerns with arguments both in favor and opposed to the weaponry. Consequently, an international policy debate arose out of an urge to ban these systems. AWS are widely discussed at the Human Rights Council debate, the United Nations General Assembly First Committee on Disarmament and International Security, and at gatherings of the Convention of Conventional Weapons (CCW), in particular the Expert Meetings on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). Early skepticism towards the use of AWS brought a potential ban to the forefront of policy making decisions with the support of a campaign to 'Stop Killer Robots' launched by the Human Rights Watch (HRW) in 2013. The movement is supported by Amnesty International, Pax Christi International, and the International Peace Bureau, among others. This campaign has catalyzed an international regulation process on the level of the United Nations (UN). Both a new protocol to the Convention on Conventional Weapons or a new international treaty have been considered. However, a lack of consensus stalls the process, and as such, leaves AWS in a regulatory gray zone.","PeriodicalId":222224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science Policy & Governance","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132649943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving STEM Museum Accessibility in Pennsylvania for Diverse Communities 为不同社区改善宾夕法尼亚州STEM博物馆的可访问性

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210109

Amanda Weiss, Sophia Villiere

{"title":"Improving STEM Museum Accessibility in Pennsylvania for Diverse Communities","authors":"Amanda Weiss, Sophia Villiere","doi":"10.38126/jspg210109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38126/jspg210109","url":null,"abstract":"A baseline of scientific literacy among the general population is crucial for laypersons to be able to understand and evaluate data-driven recommendations for addressing public health and environmental crises. While updated formal education standards can help improve knowledge gaps for upcoming generations, they do not reach beyond K-12 students. Informal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) public learning spaces, including museums, can potentially have broader impacts; however, the benefits are limited by accessibility. Notably, there is a lack of policy regarding sociocultural barriers that may exclude underrepresented communities from science museums. The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) has demonstrated a willingness to support museum research and resource development throughout Pennsylvania (PA). However, resource availability alone does not guarantee the capability to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups in STEM learning spaces. Thus, there is a need for policy to establish standards to make science museums both more accessible and culturally aware to effectively serve their purposes of public learning and engagement. We recommend that the PHMC requires museums to form diversity and inclusion committees to collect and implement community input about museum content and establishes a requirement for exhibit information to be available in multiple languages to increase visitor diversity and improve public learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":222224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science Policy & Governance","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121631936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overcoming State-Level Preemption to Electrify New Buildings: a Philadelphia Case Study 克服州一级的优先电气化新建筑:费城案例研究

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210104

Maura Gibbs, Zakaria Hsain, Erin K. Reagan, Shannon Wolfman, Anne-Marie Zaccarin

引用次数: 1

Hyde and Seek: Searching for Solutions to The Hyde Amendment’s Financial Barriers to Abortion 海德和寻求:寻找解决海德修正案对堕胎的财政障碍

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210105

Lauren Hutnik, Ashley Zimmermann, Lauren Naliboff, K. Brandi

{"title":"Hyde and Seek: Searching for Solutions to The Hyde Amendment’s Financial Barriers to Abortion","authors":"Lauren Hutnik, Ashley Zimmermann, Lauren Naliboff, K. Brandi","doi":"10.38126/jspg210105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38126/jspg210105","url":null,"abstract":"The Hyde Amendment (Hyde) hinders abortion access to people who can become pregnant (we will refer to this cohort henceforth as “women” and recognize that not all people who can become pregnant identify as such) whose health insurance is funded by the federal government. In the forty-five years since its inception, the Hyde Amendment has disproportionately affected marginalized women. The conservative movement has augmented disparities in healthcare by passing incremental laws to restrict abortion access, including but not limited to, gestational age and specific procedure limitations, waiting periods, parental consent, and Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) laws. With Roe V. Wade overturned with the Dobbs V. Jackson ruling (Dobbs), access to abortion is more restricted than it has been in the past 50 years. Eight states have completely banned abortion and many other states offer very limited exceptions to the ban. Now, more than ever, it is essential that funding is not a barrier to care in the states that continue to protect abortion rights. Our first recommendation calls for states to be held accountable to the minimal federal requirements set forth by Hyde and create a confidential forum for women to report informal barriers to care. Furthermore, we endorse the passing of the Equal Access to Abortion Coverage in Health Insurance Act (EACH Act), which would permanently end the renewal of Hyde. Our final recommendation calls on the government to create legislation that permanently institutes national mandatory guidelines for emergency obstetric care. These steps could counteract the increasingly restrictive encroachment on abortion rights.","PeriodicalId":222224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science Policy & Governance","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132647846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ARPA-H: Risky or Revolutionary? The Challenges and Opportunities of Biden’s New Biomedical Research Agency ARPA-H:风险还是革新?拜登新生物医学研究机构的挑战与机遇

Journal of Science Policy & Governance Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.38126/jspg210107

Soumya Somani

{"title":"ARPA-H: Risky or Revolutionary? The Challenges and Opportunities of Biden’s New Biomedical Research Agency","authors":"Soumya Somani","doi":"10.38126/jspg210107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38126/jspg210107","url":null,"abstract":"The acceleration of COVID-19 testing platforms and vaccine development has demonstrated the possibility of expediting research for similar biomedical breakthroughs. However, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) lacks a framework to regularly sustain this type of research. A new federal agency, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H), offers a unique opportunity to capitalize on the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and drive federal investment into high-risk, high-reward biomedical research. ARPA-H will mirror the flat bureaucratic structure of the successful Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) through the employment of independent project managers. ARPA-H is also unique in how it centers equity in the agency's core mission. These unique traits could enable the agency to fill the gaps in current biomedical research under the NIH. Nonetheless, ARPA-H’s implementation is not without challenges: its incorporation within the NIH has raised concerns regarding its ability to specialize in high-risk research and the diversion of funding away from the rest of the NIH. These worries can be mitigated through the separation of ARPA-H and the NIH. Successful implementation of the ARPA-H framework would supplement current NIH work, diversify the US federal research strategy, accelerate promising breakthroughs, promote equity in health, and transform the nature of biomedical research in the US.","PeriodicalId":222224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science Policy & Governance","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Journal of Science Policy &amp; Governance最新文献

Journal of Science Policy & Governance最新文献