German Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"A survey on the occupational exposure of veterinarians to brucellosis in Algeria","authors":"Nedjma Lounes, Djamila Yahiaoui, Dihya Taftaf, S. Zenia","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2022.2.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2022.2.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is an endemic disease in north African countries, including Algeria. To evaluate the infection of veterinarians by brucellosis in Algeria and to study the associated epidemiological factors, we created a survey consisting of 21 questions that were distributed in paper and digital versions. We collected responses from 100 veterinarians spread over 30 wilayas in the different regions of Algeria, i.e., East, Centre, West, and South. The survey revealed that 15% of veterinarians got infected with brucellosis during their practice. Almost half (47%) contracted the disease through direct contact with diseased animals and/or their products, mostly during intervention for the retained placenta. In addition, 20% became infected during vaccination campaigns against brucellosis due to unprotected hands, while 13% were infected by consuming raw milk. 74% of veterinarians agreed to work on farms with brucellosis. Factors such as the frequency of encountering brucellosis farms, negligence in wearing protective equipment, lack of training in handling the vaccine, and lack of work hygiene were reported by the surveyed professionals. Therefore, increasing awareness and educational programs are required among occupational in Algeria.","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126294084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in food and options for intervention","authors":"A. Buschulte, P. Hammer","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2022.2.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2022.2.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Paratuberculosis in cattle and other domestic ruminants. Due to similarities in pathophysiology, there is an ongoing discussion on whether MAP may be a causative agent for Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans as well. One aspect of this discussion includes the significance of food as a possible vector for transmission. The aim of this review was to collect information on the occurrence of MAP in food and on available intervention options for reduction or elimination during processing to follow precautionary principles in case a zoonotic role of MAP would be evidenced. Except for research on the occurrence and treatment of cow’s milk, studies for MAP in food are rare. Investigations dealing with intervention measures are often based on very few or even single studies with a few number of test strains and repetitions. As an essential research need, the development and validation of accurate and robust detection methods for live MAP cells in food and human samples were identified. Such methods are needed to i) conduct systematic and representative surveys on the occurrence of MAP in food, ii) assess the risk of MAP transmission via food, and iii) evaluate experimental or commercial food processing for their efficacy in controlling MAP. Furthermore, for experimental setup, standardized protocols and technologies are crucial.","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114977621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of invA and blaCTM-genes in Salmonella spp isolated from febrile patients in Lagos hospitals, Nigeria","authors":"K. O. Akinyemi, C. Fakorede, R. Abegunrin, S. Ajoseh, Abdul-Azeez A. Anjorin, K. O. Amisu, B. Opere, D. Moro","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2021.3.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2021.3.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella infections remain a global challenge. The culture method is the gold standard for the detection of genus Salmonella. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has become an effective tool for the detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella by culture and detection of invA gene and blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 gene markers by PCR. A total of 612 blood samples were collected from hospitalized febrile patients between March 2020 and April 2021. The samples were cultured, isolates identified by standard method with Analytical Profile Index (API 20-E) kits and were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) using disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection was carried out by double-disc synergy test. Detection of invA gene and antibiotic-resistant genes makers was done by qPCR. A total of 24 Salmonella isolates were identified given a prevalence of 3.9% Salmonella-associated bacteraemia. Children within 1-10 years with persistent pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) accounted for 50% of the Salmonella isolated with a mean age of 5.299 years. Specifically, 75% (18/24) Salmonella isolates and their corresponding samples of positive Salmonella culture were positive for the invA gene. The AST results indicated 100% Salmonella isolates developed resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime , augmentin, ampicillin, ertapenem, and doripenem. None of drug resistant-Salmonella isolates expressed ESBL enzyme phenotypically. Seven resistance patterns were observed, and the pattern CAZ-CTX-OFL-AUG-NIT-AMP-ETR-DOR was the most encountered pattern. Twelve (50%) Salmonella isolates harbored the blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes and were mostly from children. The study has added to the growing knowledge on the suitability of the invA gene primer set as a PCR target for the detection of Salmonella. It also revealed a paradigm shift in the occurrence of invasive Salmonella harboring blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes in PUO cases. There is a need for judicious use of cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics to preserve their efficacies.","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128565095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of exopolysaccharides from acetic acid bacteria isolates originating from apple cider vinegars","authors":"Tadeja Vajdič","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2022.1.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2022.1.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) produce acetic acid but are also gaining importance as safe microorganisms for producing extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). The best-known homopolysaccharides among them are cellulose and levan. In addition, acetic acid bacteria also produce heteropolysaccharides, water-soluble acetans. Isolates from the broth of organic and conventional apple cider vinegar production were screened for biofilm production. Phenotypic and genomic diversity of EPS-producing isolates was assessed. The diversity of phenotypically different EPSs of apple cider vinegar isolates was investigated at the gene level for the following novel strains: Komagataeibacter (K.) melomenusus SI3083, K. oboediens SI3053, K. pomaceti SI3133, and Gluconacetobacter (Ga.) entanii SI2084. Strain K. melomenusus SI3083 possesses cellulose operons bcs1, bcs2, and bcs4 together with the type I acetan cluster in the absence of the levan operon, strain K. oboediens SI3053 has the operons bcs1, bcs2, bcs3, and bcs4, the levan operon, and the acetan cluster (type I), and the strains K. pomaceti SI3133 and Ga. entanii SI2084 both contain recently described novel ace-type II cluster in addition to the incomplete operon bcs1. A comparison of the genetic diversity of these EPSs to those of the reference strains suggests that the studied EPSs are not species-descriptive. The results of this study deepen our understanding of the genetic variability of the EPS genes in AAB, thereby enabling us to better characterize and exploit the various insoluble and soluble exopolysaccharides produced by AAB for biotechnological applications in the future","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123887817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging carbapenem resistance in ESKAPE organisms in sub-Saharan Africa and the way forward","authors":"J. Njeru","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2021.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2021.002","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemiology of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) and their role in the development and spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) is not well characterized in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Carbapenems possess a broad spectrum of activity and are often reserved for the treatment of MDR infections in developed countries. However, the emergence of carbapenem resistance is increasingly being reported and therefore presents a significant public health threat. Although carbapenems are generally unavailable in African hospitals due to high cost, a small number of studies have reported the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) in SSA. This, therefore, shows that carbapenem resistance (CR) is emerging in Africa. Thus, there is a critical need for deploying robust national and regional multidisciplinary, collaborative, and regulatory approaches aiming at elucidating the epidemiology of CR, its burden on the health care system, and strategies for compacting the development and spread of CR. This report hopes to highlight the epidemiology of carbapenem resistance and the main drivers of antibiotic resistance in SSA and proposes future strategies that can be used to combat the emergence of carbapenem resistance in the region","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115065887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular docking study of Lens culinaris L. phytochemicals to NS3-NS2B protease of dengue virus serotype 2","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2021.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2021.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-three phytochemicals present in Lens culinaris were evaluated through in-silico molecular docking studies for their binding affinities to the NS2B-NS3 activator-protease complex of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). Among the various compounds tested, \u0000flavonoids (flavanols,favonols, proanthocyanidins, flavanones, flavones, and anthocyanins) demonstrated high binding affinities for the protease complex. Eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside showed the least predicted binding energy at -9.1 kcal/mol followed by luteolin-7-O-glucoside at -8.8 kcal/mol. Glycosidic linkages appeared to enhance the binding affinities of flavonoids, aldohexoses being more potent than aldopentoses. Besides flavonoids, other classes of compounds demonstrating high binding affinities for the protease were carotenoids, phytosterols, and polyphenolic compounds like resveratrol and trans-resveratrol 3-O-b-glucoside (piceid), the latter showing predicted binding energy of -8.5 kcal/mol versus predicted binding energy of -7.2 kcal/mol for resveratrol. The 2D interactions of four high binding affinity compounds like eriodictyol, eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside, catechin gallate, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside showed that all four compounds bound to the active site of the NS3 protease and not to the activator NS2B. Lys74 of NS3 was the common amino acid interacting with all four phytochemicals. Analysis of physicochemical properties of the compounds (Lipinski's Rule of 5) showed that the high binding affinity compounds have less than two violations, indicating that they can serve as useful lead compounds or as dengue virus serotype 2 therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129681526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkeypox virus: A comprehensive review of taxonomy, evolution, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and control regiments so far","authors":"R. Parvin, Ahmed Ali, A. Nagy, Zheng Zhu, Suhui Zhao, A. Paul, H. Hafez, A. Shehata","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2022.2.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2022.2.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Poxviruses as a group have variable levels of host ranges and virulence. For example, smallpox, which is caused by the variola virus, only infects humans with fatal outcomes, whereas related viruses, such as cowpox viruses can infect multiple hosts, but only cause mild disease in humans. Recently, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) re-emerged and infected over 780 human cases in over 20 countries worldwide at the time of writing this review. It has been shown before not only monkeys play a role in the transmission of MPXV to humans, but also rodents (Cricetomys gambianus, and Graphiurus murinus) and squirrels (Heliosciurus spp, Funisciurus spp). In addition, anthropogenic actions, such as deforestation, climatic changes, animal-human interfacing, globalization, and the cessation of smallpox vaccination, could contribute to the re-emergence of MPXV. Herein, we review the current nomenclature, epidemiology, genetic diversity of poxviruses, particularly MPXV, and the control regiments, including available antivirals and vaccines. We further highlight the genetic relatedness of the emergent MPXV viruses to know viral lineage using phylogenetic analysis.","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130943241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae to Roundup","authors":"M. Krüger, S. Basiouni, Ines B. Eder, A. Rodloff","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2021.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2021.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria and other microorganisms have several mechanisms to react to stress in the environment. Exposure of bacteria to antibiotics, biocides, or selective pressure may favor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance by several mechanisms as an evolution principle. Bacteria may possess cross-tolerance or cross-resistance to other environmental toxic substances present in soil, water, foods, and feeds. Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine), one of these substances used in modern agriculture might change the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. The present study aimed to investigate the tolerance of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients with nosocomial infections to glyphosate. Therefore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicides (Roundup) of ESBL-positive and ESBL-negative Enterobacteriaceae were determined. Results showed that ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae exhibited a higher tolerance to Roundup compared with non-ESBL. To investigate the putative link between ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and the resistance to glyphosate, a non-ESBL E. coil strain was used for development of glyphosate-resistant mutants using high concentrations of Roundup. Nine Roundup-resistant mutants were developed and characterized using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight. One Roundup-resistant mutant (Mut-A) exhibited different antibiotic susceptibility profiles compared with wild type strain. The Mut-A developed resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin, and streptomycin. Overall herbicides resistant Enterobacteriaceae might render resistant to β-lactam antibiotics as well. Further studies are urgently needed to investigate the mechanism of the putative link between antibiotic resistance and the herbicide-based glyphosate","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126022549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of the ongoing challenges in SARS-CoV-2 global control","authors":"Awad A. Shehata1, R. Parvin, A. Nagy, Y. Wang, Turki Maher Azhar, Y. Attia, E. Azhar, A. Paul, M. Rahmatullah","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2021.2.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2021.2.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a severe global pandemic with major public health issues. Public health sectors implemented several control strategies, such as social distancing, hygienic measures, and the development of anti-viral drugs and vaccines. However, the situation is still critical due to several challenges facing the global control strategy. SARS-CoV-2 has undergone several mutations that will drive viral evolution, which might impact the virus’s transmissibility and pathogenicity and the immune escape and development of resistance to therapeutics. Moreover, although the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved several vaccines, however, some vaccines, especially vector-based vaccines, have rarely induced severe fatal side effects. These side effects led to widespread doubts about the safety of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines, which in turn dragged a certain proportion of the public from getting vaccinated. This review highlights some of the ongoing challenges in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, including side effects of the developed vaccines, potential mechanisms for the development of thrombocytopenia, and the clinical impacts of the emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants on the pathogenesis of the virus and vaccine efficacy. Additionally, we discuss the comorbidity and the potential role of gastrointestinal microbiota in controlling SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we shed light on the substantial collateral health damage and unprecedented economic disaster caused by the lockdown.","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131459491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae in Germany: An overview on spatiotemporal distribution and resistance development in humans","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjm.2021.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2021.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is increasing worldwide. Rapid dissemination and increase of its incidence in Germany are observed and becoming a significant challenge for clinical laboratories and physicians. The current review highlights its chronological sequence of appearance and resistance development in humans in the past two decades in Germany. Emerging resistance problems of K. pneumoniae to the vast majority of available antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems and those of the ß-lactam group, were observed since the end of the last century and strains carrying diverse resistance patterns have emerged in most federal states of Germany. Still, several aspects of resistance development and pathogenesis are not fully understood. To date, hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) isolates have been rarely isolated from German patients. The most frequent resistance genes identified are blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-5 blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-14, blaVIM-1 and the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene. One Health genomic surveillance of K. pneumoniae strains from different reservoirs is required. This would help to understand in great detail the mechanisms leading to resistance development, spread and transmission, and developing alternative treatment regimens","PeriodicalId":222095,"journal":{"name":"German Journal of Microbiology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125653403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}