Space Weather最新文献_第9页

Horizontal Spatial Correlation of the Ionospheric Day-To-Day Variations at Low Latitudes Based on GOLD Nmax Data 基于 GOLD Nmax 数据的低纬度电离层日间变化的水平空间相关性

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003627

Jiawen Chen, Jiahao Zhong, Yongqiang Hao, Xin Wan, Qiaoling Li, Zijing Tang, Xingyan Song, Hao Han, Kang Wang, Jiawei Kuai, Aojun Ren

{"title":"Horizontal Spatial Correlation of the Ionospheric Day-To-Day Variations at Low Latitudes Based on GOLD Nmax Data","authors":"Jiawen Chen, Jiahao Zhong, Yongqiang Hao, Xin Wan, Qiaoling Li, Zijing Tang, Xingyan Song, Hao Han, Kang Wang, Jiawei Kuai, Aojun Ren","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003627","url":null,"abstract":"Peak electron density data derived from GOLD measurements during 2018–2022 are used to analyze the magnitudes and correlations of ionospheric diurnal variability at low latitudes. The correlation distance describes the correlations between spatial locations and is defined in this paper as the angular separation at which the correlation coefficient decreases from 1 to 0.7. Variations in correlation distance with local time, season, magnetic latitude, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity are discussed in this study. The average value of the zonal correlation distance is approximately 8.55° and 3.56° for the meridional direction at low geomagnetic latitudes (magnetic latitudes <30°). The statistical results indicate that both zonal and meridional correlation distances vary little with local time premidnight, while they show pronounced seasonal and latitudinal variations. Both zonal and meridional correlation distances increase with increasing solar activity and decrease with enhancing geomagnetic activity. The EIA strength and gradient mainly modulate the distributions of correlation distances related to magnetic latitude, season, and solar flux level. An empirical model is constructed to describe the temporal and spatial variations in the correlation distance at low latitudes. The study of correlation distances would contribute to a better understanding of ionospheric variability and improvements in data assimilation.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RAM-SCB Runs on Request at CCMC RAM-SCB 应要求在 CCMC 运行

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003771

Steven K. Morley, Vania K. Jordanova, Yihua Zheng, Maksym Petrenko

引用次数: 0

Modeling Pipe to Soil Potentials From Geomagnetic Storms in Gas Pipelines in New Zealand 新西兰天然气管道地磁暴引起的管道到土壤电位建模

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003601

Tim Divett, Malcolm Ingham, Gemma Richardson, Mark Sigley, Craig J. Rodger

{"title":"Modeling Pipe to Soil Potentials From Geomagnetic Storms in Gas Pipelines in New Zealand","authors":"Tim Divett, Malcolm Ingham, Gemma Richardson, Mark Sigley, Craig J. Rodger","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003601","url":null,"abstract":"Gas pipelines can experience elevated pipe to soil potentials (PSPs) during geomagnetic disturbances due to the induced geoelectric field. Gas pipeline operators use cathodic protection to keep PSPs between −0.85 and −1.2 V to prevent corrosion of the steel pipes and disbondment of the protective coating from the pipes. We have developed a model of the gas pipelines in the North Island of New Zealand to identify whether a hazard exists to these pipelines and how big this hazard is. We used a transmission line representation to model the pipelines and a nodal admittance matrix method to calculate the PSPs at nodes up to 5 km apart along the pipelines. We used this model to calculate PSPs resulting from an idealized 100 mVkm−1 electric field, initially to the north and east. The calculated PSPs are highest are at the ends of the pipelines in the direction of the applied electric field vector. The calculated PSP follows a characteristic curve along the length of the pipelines that matches theory, with deviations due to branchlines and changes in pipeline direction. The modeling shows that the PSP magnitudes are sensitive to the branchline coating conductance with higher coating conductances decreasing the PSPs at most locations. Enhanced PSPs produce the highest risk of disbondment and corrosion occurring, and hence this modeling provides insights into the network locations most at risk.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radio Absorption in the Nightside Ionosphere of Mars During Solar Energetic Particle Events 太阳高能粒子事件期间火星夜侧电离层的无线电吸收

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003755

Y. Harada, Y. Nakamura, B. Sánchez-Cano, M. Lester, N. Terada, F. Leblanc

{"title":"Radio Absorption in the Nightside Ionosphere of Mars During Solar Energetic Particle Events","authors":"Y. Harada, Y. Nakamura, B. Sánchez-Cano, M. Lester, N. Terada, F. Leblanc","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003755","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization, understanding, and prediction of the Martian radio environment are of increasing importance to the forthcoming human exploration of Mars. Here we investigate 3–5 MHz radio absorption in the nightside ionosphere of Mars caused by enhanced ionization at <100 km altitudes during solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We conduct a quantitative analysis of radio absorption and SEP flux data that have been accumulated by two spacecraft currently orbiting Mars, thereby demonstrating that radio absorption is clearly correlated with SEP fluxes. A comparison of the observations with radio absorption properties predicted by a numerical model indicates that the relative temporal changes, radio frequency dependence, and SEP energy dependence of the observed radio absorption are in agreement with the model prediction. Meanwhile, the model systematically overestimates the radio absorption in the ionosphere by a factor of 3.7. We explore several sources of uncertainty, including the electron-neutral collision frequency, absolute sensitivity of the SEP instrument, and limited transport of SEPs to the atmosphere, but the ultimate cause of the systematic discrepancy between the measured and modeled radio absorption is yet to be identified. Further efforts should be put into the development of a comprehensive and observationally validated model of radio absorption in the Martian ionosphere to assist the future crew and spacecraft activities on the surface of Mars.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topside Electron Density Modeling Using Neural Network and Empirical Model Predictions 利用神经网络和经验模型预测进行顶层电子密度建模

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003501

S. Dutta, M. B. Cohen

{"title":"Topside Electron Density Modeling Using Neural Network and Empirical Model Predictions","authors":"S. Dutta, M. B. Cohen","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003501","url":null,"abstract":"We model the electron density in the topside of the ionosphere with an improved machine learning (ML) model and compare it to existing empirical models, specifically the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and the Empirical-Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E-CHAIM). In prior work, an artificial neural network (NN) was developed and trained on two solar cycles worth of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program data (113 satellite-years), along with global drivers and indices to predict topside electron density. In this paper, we highlight improvements made to this NN, and present a detailed comparison of the new model to E-CHAIM and IRI as a function of location, geomagnetic condition, time of year, and solar local time. We discuss precision and accuracy metrics to better understand model strengths and weaknesses. The updated neural network shows improved mid-latitude performance with absolute errors lower than the IRI by 2.5 × 109 to 2.5 × 1010 e−/m3, modestly improved performance in disturbed geomagnetic conditions with absolute errors reduced by about 2.5 × 109 e−/m3 at high Kp compared to the IRI, and high Kp percentage errors reduced by >50% when compared to E-CHAIM.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139029985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Space Weather in the Popular Media, and the Opportunities the Upcoming Solar Maximum Brings 大众媒体中的太空天气，以及即将到来的太阳活动高峰带来的机遇

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003819

Brett A. Carter, Noé Lugaz, Steven K. Morley, Jennifer Gannon, Shasha Zou, Huixin Liu

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the Physical Mechanisms of the Formation and Evolution of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles During a Moderate Storm on 17 September 2021 2021 年 9 月 17 日中等强度风暴期间赤道等离子体气泡形成和演变的物理机制研究

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003673

Kun Wu, Liying Qian, Wenbin Wang, Xuguang Cai, Joseph M. Mclnerney

引用次数: 0

Validating Ionospheric Models Against Technologically Relevant Metrics 根据技术相关指标验证电离层模型

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003590

A. T. Chartier, J. Steele, G. Sugar, D. R. Themens, S. K. Vines, J. D. Huba

{"title":"Validating Ionospheric Models Against Technologically Relevant Metrics","authors":"A. T. Chartier, J. Steele, G. Sugar, D. R. Themens, S. K. Vines, J. D. Huba","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003590","url":null,"abstract":"New, open access tools have been developed to validate ionospheric models in terms of technologically relevant metrics. These are ionospheric errors on GPS 3D position, HF ham radio communications, and peak F-region density. To demonstrate these tools, we have used output from Sami is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3) driven by high-latitude electric potentials derived from Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment, covering the first available month of operation using Iridium-NEXT data (March 2019). Output of this model is now available for visualization and download via https://sami3.jhuapl.edu. The GPS test indicates SAMI3 reduces ionospheric errors on 3D position solutions from 1.9 m with no model to 1.6 m on average (maximum error: 14.2 m without correction, 13.9 m with correction). SAMI3 predicts 55.5% of reported amateur radio links between 2–30 MHz and 500–2,000 km. Autoscaled and then machine learning “cleaned” Digisonde NmF2 data indicate a 1.0 × 1011 el. m3 median positive bias in SAMI3 (equivalent to a 27% overestimation). The positive NmF2 bias is largest during the daytime, which may explain the relatively good performance in predicting HF links then. The underlying data sources and software used here are publicly available, so that interested groups may apply these tests to other models and time intervals.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Surrogate Model for Studying Solar Energetic Particle Transport and the Seed Population 研究太阳高能粒子传输和种子群的替代模型

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003593

Atilim Guneş Baydin, Bala Poduval, Nathan A. Schwadron

{"title":"A Surrogate Model for Studying Solar Energetic Particle Transport and the Seed Population","authors":"Atilim Guneş Baydin, Bala Poduval, Nathan A. Schwadron","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003593","url":null,"abstract":"The high energy particles originating from the Sun, known as solar energetic particles (SEPs), contribute significantly to the space radiation environment, posing serious threats to astronauts and scientific instruments on board spacecraft. The mechanism that accelerates the SEPs to the observed energy ranges, their transport in the inner heliosphere, and the influence of suprathermal seed particle spectrum are open questions in heliophysics. Accurate predictions of the occurrences of SEP events well in advance are necessary to mitigate their adverse effects but prediction based on first principle models still remains a challenge. In this scenario, adopting a machine learning approach to SEP modeling and prediction is desirable. However, the lack of a balanced database of SEP events restrains this approach. We addressed this limitation by generating large data sets of synthetic SEP events sampled from the physics-based model, Energetic Particle Radiation Environment Module (EPREM). Using this data, we developed neural networks-based surrogate models to study the seed population parameter space. Our models, EPREM-S, run thousands to millions of times faster (depending on computer hardware), making simulation-based inference workflows practicable in SEP studies while providing predictive uncertainty estimates using a deep ensemble approach.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"286 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138629176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the LEO Proton Flux During Solar Energetic Particle Events 太阳高能粒子事件期间地磁风暴对低地球轨道质子通量的影响

IF 3.7 2区地球科学

Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003664

Kirolosse M. Girgis, Tohru Hada, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Shuichi Matsukiyo, Viviane Pierrard, Susan W. Samwel

{"title":"Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the LEO Proton Flux During Solar Energetic Particle Events","authors":"Kirolosse M. Girgis, Tohru Hada, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Shuichi Matsukiyo, Viviane Pierrard, Susan W. Samwel","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003664","url":null,"abstract":"During a few solar energetic particle (SEP) events, solar protons were trapped within the geomagnetic field and reached the outer edge of the inner radiation belt. We reproduced this phenomenon by modeling the proton flux distribution at the Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) for different geomagnetic conditions during solar particle events. We developed a three-dimensional relativistic test particle simulation code to compute the 70–180 MeV solar proton Lorentz trajectories in low L-shell range from 1 to 3. The Tsyganenko model (T01) generated the background static magnetic field with the IGRF (v12) model. We have selected three Dst index values: −7, −150, and −210 nT, to define quiet time, strong, and severe geomagnetic storms and to generate the corresponding inner magnetic field configurations. Our results showed that the simulated solar proton flux was more enhanced in the high-latitude regions and more expanded toward the lower latitude range as long as the geomagnetic storm was intensified. Satellite observations and geomagnetic cutoff rigidities confirmed the numerical results. Furthermore, the LEO proton flux distribution was deformed, so the structure of the proton flux inside the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) became longitudinally extended as the Dst index decreased. Moreover, we have assessed the corresponding radiation environment of the LEO mission. We realized that, for a higher inclined LEO mission during an intense geomagnetic storm (Dst = −210 nT), the probability of the occurrence of the Single Event Upset (SEU) rates increased by 19% and the estimated accumulated absorbed radiation doses increased by 17% in comparison with quiet conditions.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0