{"title":"Building information modelling for construction productivity measurement","authors":"S. Archchana, W. Pan","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity is a critical performance indicator of the construction industry, and thus warrants effective and efficient construction productivity measurement (CPM). Building information modelling (BIM), a digital representation of the building process, plays a significant role in effective and efficient CPM. Considering the high mandatory requirements for enhancement in construction productivity measurement, this paper aims to review the state-of-the-art literature on BIM-integrated CPM, to identify gaps in the existing body of knowledge and explore future research trends. The aim is achieved through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis where the data are retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar and proposes future research directions. In total 260 publications were identified from the initial search, and 56 were shortlisted for full-text analysis after several levels of screening including duplication, title and abstract checking. Finally, 21 were narrowed yielded for detailed review for this study. The results mapped the yearly publication trend, publications by source and the co-occurrence of terms. The findings help to identify a suite of BIM-integrated CPM methods used in the construction industry and provide a foundation for future research in CPM. A framework is developed to illustrate the knowledge gap and future directions identified in this study. Accordingly, the findings revealed that existing studies on utilising BIM for CPM are limited to only 3D and 4D BIM. Further, there is a lack of studies on the feasibility of using BIM for CPM, fully automated BIM integrated CPM tools and real-time CPM through BIM.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116992257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sridarran, S. Jayakodi, S. Peiris, N. de Silva, J. Lai, U. Rathnayake, P. Dissanayake
{"title":"Exploring the facilities management education needs in Sri Lanka","authors":"P. Sridarran, S. Jayakodi, S. Peiris, N. de Silva, J. Lai, U. Rathnayake, P. Dissanayake","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.42","url":null,"abstract":"Facilities Management (FM) is a multidisciplinary profession at the core of building operations management. As such, it requires a wide range of skills that differ significantly from region to region due to variable industry sizes, maturity levels, characteristics of building stocks and services, and occupant cultures. Consequently, it is essential to cultivate the necessary knowledge and skills to produce competent FM professionals to cater to the demand of the FM industry. Worldwide, various professional bodies have specified essential competencies for the FM profession. This study aims to reveal the current state of such competencies in the FM industry in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, a scrupulous literature review was conducted to identify the FM competencies. Twelve competency attributes germane to the Sri Lankan context were identified, and subsequently, a web-based questionnaire survey was conducted to analyse their importance and competence levels. The mean ratings were calculated using the received responses and were used to develop an Importance-Competence Analysis (ICA) matrix. The results indicated that ‘operations and maintenance’, ‘leadership’ and ‘technology’ are the prioritised competencies that need improvements through appropriate education and training.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131394315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Bandara, M. Gowsiga, A. Asmone, R.A.A. Dilogini
{"title":"Applicability of recycling and resource recovery for solid waste of Sri Lankan supermarkets","authors":"K. Bandara, M. Gowsiga, A. Asmone, R.A.A. Dilogini","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"Every day, supermarkets create municipal solid waste, which makes up about 25% of all solid waste made in urban areas of Sri Lanka. Poor waste management in Sri Lankan supermarkets can have a big effect on greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and public health by contaminating water, soil, and the air. To address this challenge, recycling, and resource recovery are two of the best sustainable waste management practices. Hence, the study aims to investigate the applicability of recycling and resource recovery techniques for Sri Lankan supermarket solid wastes. The research choice adopted in this study was a mixed method with a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. A questionnaire survey with 70 participants from top-level management, middle management, and the front-line staff was conducted to identify waste types and management practices, and a semi-structured interview with three professionals who have experience in this field was conducted to validate the survey. Further statistical analysis and manual content analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the main waste types generated by Sri Lankan supermarkets are food, plastic, polythene, paper, and cardboard. Biogas and composting were found to be the most applicable on-site resource recovery techniques for these types of waste, and other techniques such as gasification, deinking for paper recycling, and recycling of plastic and polythene waste required the involvement of third-party resource recovery plants. The study can aid researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in coming up with and using waste management policies, laws, and guidelines for Sri Lankan supermarkets and other similar contexts.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127639225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Anuradha, K.K. Ambagala, Samitha Nanayakkara, S. Perera
{"title":"Adaptation of blockchain and smart contracts to the construction industry of developing countries","authors":"I. Anuradha, K.K. Ambagala, Samitha Nanayakkara, S. Perera","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is often criticised due to its inherited challenges. Lack of trust and transparency, inadequate collaboration and complex structure have plagued the construction sector. Blockchain is a technology that has the potential to address these issues by automating procedures and enhancing traceability and transparency with its salient features. Whereas adaptation of blockchain within the construction industry is still at its inception. The situation is bleak in developing countries and there are numerous barriers and limitations that impact the implementation process. Therefore, this paper aimed to distinguish the barriers that affect the adaptation of blockchain and smart contracts for the construction industry of developing countries. The study used a mixed research approach. The barriers were ranked based on the data collected through a questionnaire survey and strategies to overcome them were identified through expert interviews. Findings derived from the analysis indicate that having a limited number of construction related software applications (powered by blockchain), the reluctance of the companies to bear additional costs to adapt blockchain and sluggish adaptation to new technologies as the significant barriers. As per the identified strategies, conducting an industry-wide digitalisation analysis, developing an industry-wide digitalisation strategy and recruiting skillful staff can be pointed out as the weighty strategies. The outcomes of this research were gained through the data collected from Sri Lanka, which is a limitation of this study. Eventually, a framework was developed as a guideline to implement blockchain and smart contracts for the construction industry of developing countries.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114243820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issues caused by employment of migrant workers in the Sri Lankan construction industry","authors":"W.G.H.K. Nawarathna, M. Abeynayake, I. Illeperuma","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.53","url":null,"abstract":"Construction is one of the industries with a very high growth rate in Sri Lanka. With this growth, recent decades have seen a considerable rise in the number of migrant workers because of globalisation, wars, conflicts, poverty, and economic developments. While this wave offers the construction industry, organisations, and migrants many benefits, it also has drawbacks. Due to several reasons, migration has an impact on the Sri Lankan construction industry. However, this migration has several negative consequences and difficulties for the industry. Therefore, it is vital to recognise them and offer solutions. This paper discussed issues caused by the employment of migrant workers in the Sri Lankan construction industry, and research aimed to develop strategies to mitigate the issues caused by migrant workers in the Sri Lankan Construction Industry. The study used a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews. Through a questionnaire survey, the research findings identified the top 13 issues brought on by the employment of migrant workers in Sri Lanka. \"Communication issues,\" \"Language barriers,\" \"Competition for jobs,\" \"Outflow of currency,\" and \"Spread of Diseases\" are the top five most important issues. Through expert interviews, the definitive significant management methods for those identified significant concerns were developed. The suggested solutions are divided into two categories: Strategies that construction organisations can use to overcome the issues and Strategies that the Sri Lankan government can use to overcome the issues Implementing training sessions, forming support groups, improving visual communication, modifying Sri Lankan government rules and regulations, and promoting an open Health and safety culture are the key strategies suggested in this study.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122015477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applicability of blockchain technology in the Sri Lankan construction industry","authors":"K.M.N.S. Bandara","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"Construction is one of the most significant drivers of economic growth for any nation. In addition to contributing heavily to economic development, it is one of the world's biggest industries. The industry's productivity or effectiveness has often been in doubt whether the industry is productive or effective. To upgrade the standards of the construction industry, different digital tools and software have been introduced. Among numerous innovative technologies spreading across the construction industry, blockchain is emerging as a breakthrough in streamlining the structure and development of various processes. Therefore, this research tends to study how blockchain technology can improve the key performance indicators in the construction industry via various blockchain applications that can be utilized in the construction industry. The correlation and the impact between the applications of blockchain and the construction industry performance were analysed through statistical analysis via SPSS software. A qualitative expert opinion survey with ten construction experts who have experience in blockchain technology, selected through purposive sampling to collect data in Sri Lankan context, was conducted to collect suggestions and recommendations to implement blockchain in the Sri Lankan construction industry. The gathered data was analysed using the content analysis method. The barriers that Sri Lanka must overcome to adopt blockchain technology and the way to mitigate them were included in the study. How can Sri Lanka be prepared to adopt blockchain technology and what applications can be applied in the Sri Lankan construction industry were discussed in this study.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124248010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of economic crisis on employees of contractors’ organisations in the Sri Lankan construction industry","authors":"S. S. De Silva, W. Wijekoon, C. Kalugala","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.46","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry contributes more than 6% of the GDP of the Sri Lankan economy, employing workers at different levels of the value chain. The economic crisis in the country from 2019-2022 has had a significant impact on contractors’ organisations in the Sri Lankan construction industry, resulting in job losses, pay cuts, and reduced working hours. Hence this study aims to investigate the impact of the economic crisis on the employees of contractors’ organisations in the Sri Lankan construction industry, the most affected level of employees, and propose strategies to minimise the impact on the most affected level of employees. This study has been done using the mixed-method approach. Thirty-three (33) employees participated in a questionnaire survey and seven (7) managerial-level professionals were interviewed who are currently engaged in construction projects. This study has explored the levels of employees including technical, supervisory, and similar levels, professional level, administration, and managerial level. Further, this study provides the strategies adopted by the employees and the contractors to overcome the impact of the crisis, including measures to enhance productivity, cost reduction strategies, and access to financial support. The findings of the study will provide insights into the impact of the economic crisis on the construction industry in Sri Lanka and inform policy recommendations to support affected workers and ensure the long-term sustainability of the industry in a resilient way.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129850243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of carbon footprint in apparel industry: a systematic literature review","authors":"I. Sandaruwan, K. Waidyasekara, N. Zainudeen","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.60","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a significant challenge confronting humanity today. Public and private experts in developed and developing countries along with a few non-governmental organisations (NGOs) worldwide are attempting to reconcile monetary expansion with its adverse effects on climate change. The apparel sector is now the second-largest industrial polluter, contributing 10% of the world's carbon emissions. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to investigate potential strategies to minimise carbon footprint (CFP) in the apparel sector. The study selected a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA method methodology and content analysis was used as the analysis technique. The findings spotlight that energy, solid waste, wastewater, packing waste fabric and accessories and fuel are the primary sources in emitting the GHG emission in the apparel sector within various life cycle stages. Therefore, the study found various potential strategies to reduce CFP in the apparel sector, focusing on raw material-based GHG emissions, energy-based GHG emissions, solid waste-based GHG emissions, and waste water-based GHG emissions. Moreover, the study shows common strategies that will lead to reduce CFP in the apparel sector. The results from this study provide a handful of guidance to apparel sector stakeholders, other industry stakeholders, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and other relevant authorities to address the CFP in the manufacturing industry.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134175082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T.N. Liyanawatta, M. Abeynayake, P.M.S.U. Sumanarathna
{"title":"Barriers for implementing dispute review board (DRB) method to Sri Lankan construction industry","authors":"T.N. Liyanawatta, M. Abeynayake, P.M.S.U. Sumanarathna","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.22","url":null,"abstract":"In Sri Lanka, dispute resolution methods in construction contracts are Negotiation, Mediation, Adjudication, and Arbitration. Although the Dispute Review Board (DRB) method has been successfully used internationally for more than 30 years, it has rarely been applied in domestic contractual disputes. Thus, this research was conducted to identify the barriers hindering the implementation of the Dispute Resolution Board (DRB) mechanism in the Sri Lankan construction industry and to provide recommendations to overcome these barriers. This research was deemed necessary because the current dispute resolution methods could not effectively resolve contractual conflicts. Despite introducing DRB through Dispute Adjudication Boards (DAB), its potential benefits have not been fully realised in Sri Lanka. To achieve the purpose of the study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted first, and then a preliminary survey to identify the barriers to the implementation of DRB in the Sri Lankan construction industry. Subsequently, a questionnaire was administered to 44 professionals engaged in client and contracting organisations. The research findings revealed that the main barriers to the implementation of the DRB mechanism are unawareness of the concept of DRB, clients considering DRB as a burden and hassle for them, additional costs to be incurred, and lack of experience. Accordingly, the study recommends increasing the awareness of the DRB at the national level with the support of authorities to utilise it as a valuable alternative for resolving disputes in the Sri Lankan construction industry.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130939450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vidanapathirana, N. Perera, R. Emmanuel, S. Coorey
{"title":"Can Colombo port city high-rise tower and podium morphology improve pollutant dispersion and urban ventilation?","authors":"M. Vidanapathirana, N. Perera, R. Emmanuel, S. Coorey","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid increase in high-rise building clusters within developing cities has led to mounting environmental and climatic issues. This is especially highlighted in Asian cities where extreme tropical climates are accentuated by ad-hoc developments, that in turn create unfavourable urban environments. Traffic emissions and air pollution, directly and indirectly, effect the Urban Heat Island (UHI) factor. Studies show that urban ventilation is a key mechanism to ameliorate UHI, reduce pollution stagnation, improve air quality, and reduce dependence on energy-consuming systems, thereby enhancing future sustainability. A research gap on the effect of the morphology of high-rise towers, and tower and podium forms as clusters on air pollution dispersion was identified. A high-rise cluster in the proposed Port City in Colombo, Sri Lanka was identified, and possible building forms were designed based on guidelines given by the local authority. Simplified three-dimensional building clusters were simulated using Ansys Fluent and a RANS k-epsilon turbulence model. Results suggest the addition of a podium has minimal impact on pollution dispersion when compared with only a tower form. Block podiums were found to concentrate pollution within the podium height, while tiered podiums pushed street pollution upwards along the face of a podium. However, more uniform dispersion was seen in tiered podiums, reducing overall pollution concentrations within the study area. Overall, as per requirement and context, it is highlighted that podium forms can be designed to create better-ventilated urban spaces with good air quality, within a high-rise high-dense environment.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133704945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}