2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers最新文献

{"title":"Inrush currents and their effect on protective relays","authors":"R. Cimadevilla","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822058","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains in detail the phenomena of inrush in single-phase transformers during three conditions: transformer energization, external fault clearing and sympathetic inrush. It then focuses on the inrush in three-phase transformers, explaining the phenomena that occurs when there is a delta winding and analyzing the types of transformer configurations that allows the flow of zero-sequence current. The paper describes the influence of the inrush current on different types of protection functions as transformer differential, overcurrent, distance, busbar and line differential. It focuses mainly on the transformer differential describing the most common methods used for maintain the security during the inrush condition: harmonic restraint and harmonic blocking. Their differences are explained. It then explains the different crossed logics used and selects the most appropriate one. It finally describes a logic to inhibit the harmonic restraint / blocking based on an external fault detector. This logic reduces the tripping time of the differential unit mainly during internal faults with CT saturation. Different cases are considered based on RTDS simulations and real events.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115372743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical considerations of applying IEC61850 GOOSE based zone selective interlocking scheme in industrial applications","authors":"T. Zhao, L. Sevov","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives an overview on the practical considerations when IEC61850 GOOSE messaging based Zone Selective Interlocking (ZSI) scheme is applied in industrial applications. Considerations are extended from normal instantaneous overcurrent (IOC) protection elements coordination, to timed overcurrent (TOC) protection elements coordination for both phase and ground protection, from one voltage level to multiple voltage levels, from ZSI schemes to fast bus tripping schemes. When transformer feeders are involved with a ZSI scheme, avoiding nuisance trip caused by transformer inrush current is a major concern that makes timed overcurrent protection to be used over IOC only. When motor feeders are involved with a ZSI scheme, motor lockout current need be considered, so timed overcurrent is also used instead of IOC element. The impact of different protection devices used in different motor circuits, breaker or contactor fuse combination is also discussed in the paper. Communication network plays an important role in IEC61850 GOOSE messaging based ZSI schemes. In consideration of ZSI blocking time, all influencing factors have to be taken into account. This includes breaker or contractor opening time, relay I/O response time and messages traveling time in the communication network. Reducing and separating network traffic by using advanced network technology is a key for the success. Communication network redundancy needs to be carefully considered and implemented as an important step in each stage of the project: in the early planning, the setup and the execution. Detailed arrangement and configuration of the switchgear and the motor control center is another factor to consider, in terms to accommodate the number of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), which communicate using the technology available today.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124701679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated synchronous motor protection and control","authors":"P. Ostojic, C. Stinson","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822039","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses different options of integrating protection and control functions of a synchronous motor in a single electronic device. A basic concept of synchronous motor design and operation is presented along with a comparison to the induction motor. Synchronous motors have been used for large drive applications at constant speed, such as in oil rig pumping, cement mills, ship propulsion, etc. The main advantage of a synchronous motor is that it can produce reactive power and improve the stability of the power system in general. This paper also presents control and protection features specific to synchronous motors. The control functions relate to the starting sequence, synchronization and power factor regulation. Essentially, the rotor current and voltage need to be controlled in order to secure a steady motor operation. Typically, the output of an external direct current amplifier supplies the rotor coil current, so its gain and response time influence the parameters of the entire control loop. Monitoring and protection of the rotor is very important. Special care has to be taken when designing a field undercurrent protection feature. The monitoring and protection features of the stator are very similar to those of an induction motor. The evaluation includes describing the main hardware components that need to be added to assure a successful design.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130031609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive testing of generator protection systems","authors":"M. Kanabar, Z. Zhang, V. Muthukrishnan, I. Voloh, W. Wang, M. Southwood, J. Momic, M. Das","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822061","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on considerations and field experiences while testing a typical multifunctional generator protection IED. The comprehensive generator testing is classified in four major stages: 1) certification/functional/type testing; 2) commissioning; 3) periodic maintenance; and 4) troubleshooting. First of all, the paper presents different aspects of the certification/ functional testing, and demonstrates example of transient simulation based protection element testing using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Further, the important attributes of commissioning testing, in order to verify the deployed generator protection scheme is working as designed after field installation, are discussed with field examples. The regulatory, technical and economic considerations for periodic-maintenance testing are further described in this paper. Finally, the troubleshooting is discussed with field examples by utilizing state-of-the-art diagnosis tools available from today's modern multifunctional generator protection IEDs.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116264644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realistic testing of power swing blocking and out-of-step tripping functions","authors":"Quintin Verzosa","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822056","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden changes in the power system, such as faults, network changes due to line trip outs, and disconnection of large loads or a generating plant, causing oscillations until remaining generators adjust and settle to new stable conditions. In some cases these power oscillations or swings are so large that some generators run out of step and lose synchronism. With generators having different frequencies these power swings result in voltages and currents in different parts of the networks to swing in amplitude and phase angle. The impedance measurements based on these varying voltages and currents will also oscillate. If the measured impedance becomes very small and enters the distance relay zones it can lead to an undesired trip of the distance relay. Distance relays have power swing blocking features to detect these conditions and prevent a misoperation for stable power swings. However, during the blocking period a fault can occur on the line and the distance relay must detect this condition and unblock the distance zones.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122291289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Station integration for reduced costs and improved operational efficiency","authors":"Ryan P. McMahon, B. Winters, Cesar Guerriero, F. Becker","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822048","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-vender protection and control integration has been performed in demonstration projects to show protocol capabilities, but rarely to provide a comprehensive station protection and control system. A new station, feeding power to lower Manhattan, provided an opportunity to use modern communications to reduce costs while providing advanced capabilities. This ConEd substation project applied the IEC 61850 protocol to provide a high reliability peer-to-peer network across fiber optic.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129788032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed fault detection, isolation, and restoration (FDIR) technique for smart distribution system","authors":"P. Parikh, I. Voloh, M. Mahony","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822035","url":null,"abstract":"The power distribution system is an important part of electric power system in order to supply reliable, efficient and safe power to the consumers. Increasing High penetration of distributed energy resources and implementation of adequate performance regulations in distribution system have forced utilities to improve the reliability of their network, and reduce the financial penalties incurred due to system outages. This requires the implementation of various smart strategic applications in the distribution network. Fault Detection, Isolation, and service Restoration (FDIR) application is a key building block for any utility's smart distribution grid solution. FDIR enables utilities to significantly improve their distribution network reliability and gain economic benefits. At the same time, standardized automation system based on IEC 61850 is proliferating in the market. This paper proposes a fast FDIR algorithm using IEC 61850 based Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) technology. The challenges and possible solutions while deploying such smart applications are discussed in further detail.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a multifunctional distance protective IED in a 15KV distribution network","authors":"Jack Chang, Lorne Gara, P. Fong, Yordan Kyosey","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822034","url":null,"abstract":"Distance and over-current (OC) protection functions are the two main relaying principles applied to protect power system transmission and distribution networks. Both principles are considered non-unit schemes in that time coordination with downstream protective devices is required to ensure selective and secure operations. Traditionally OC protection has been applied on medium voltage distribution networks due to the typical radial system configuration, simple relay design, lower cost and easier coordination with fuses. However, OC protection is known to have deficiencies such as variation of sensitivity under different source impedance and long operation time for faults close to the substation due to the coordination requirement. On the contrary distance relays, conventionally applied on medium to long, high voltage transmission lines, provide a constant reach and time delay proportional only to the physical length of the conductor. In this paper, an application combining the advantages of both relaying principles in a modern multifunction intelligent electronic device (IED) on the utility distribution system was adopted. The goal of this project was to improve: Operation time for close-in faults to the substation. Auto-reclose blocking for faults on the cable section of the circuit. Sensitivity and safety on detecting fallen conductors. Safety of personnel performing hot-line work. The project execution was separated into two stages. The first stage involves IED functional verification, procurement, engineering studies, parameter settings and configuration and fma system integration and functional test in the laboratory. The second stage involves online monitoring of live events and alarms of the IEDs applying IEC 61850 client/server services with dedicated gateways installed in the substations. In this paper the discussion emphasizes only on the planning and engineering considerations of Stage 1. Detailed system models leading to the parameter settings and functional configuration of the distance IEDs are presented. The relay application and coordination principles to accomplish the above targets will be explained. The test method used to obtain accurate cable impedance parameters for the distance relay setting is discussed. Detailed network simulation and test results verifying the relay settings and functionality are also provided. Finally an overview of the substation automation system (SAS) envisioned by the utility to produce live and real-time monitoring of this substation will be briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122785387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection issues and solutions for protecting feeder with distributed generation","authors":"Yan Pan, I. Voloh, W. Ren","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822030","url":null,"abstract":"These days the distributed generation (DG) is developing fast because of the benefits it could bring into the system, such as the relief of transmission and distribution burden and usage of the clean energy. However, at the same time, DGs are also bringing some challenges to well-known traditional protections in distribution systems, especially with high penetration level of DGs. One of them is during a fault where DG could contribute to the fault current in addition to the contribution from the existing power grid. This paper will first give an overview of the distributed generators behavior and their current contribution during the fault. Special focus will be given to inverter interfaced DG (IIDG) which has fault behavior significantly different from that of a conventional DG while having not been adequately studied. It will examine the key features of IIDGs' fault behavior with respect to interference with distribution protection. As an example, current and voltage waveforms from a commercially available photovoltaic converter will be shown through a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation setup using real-time digital simulator (RTDS). Then impact and complications of such fault behavior of DG on the traditional feeder overcurrent protection performance will be analyzed as well. Finally, possible application solutions are presented and analyzed for the feeder protection with a considerable penetration of DGs. This includes usage of directional comparison and distance protection and partial differential protection.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125334737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case studies: Designing protection systems that minimize potential hidden failures","authors":"Xiaofei Gao, J. Thorp, D. Hou","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2013.6822053","url":null,"abstract":"Historical data indicate that protection system hidden failures contribute to cascading power system disturbances. There are many types of hidden failures in protection systems, including in instrument transformers, primary equipment such as breakers, secondary system hardware and firmware, and relay settings. Most of the hidden failures can be traced to protection system maintenance issues. With advanced digital relays and communications, protection systems can be designed with much improved mechanisms that monitor protection system conditions and minimize potential hidden failures. This paper analyzes the key requirements of condition-based maintenance for protection systems. The paper proposes a relay supervisory system (RSS) as a part of protection systems to improve condition-based maintenance and mitigate hidden failures. The paper illustrates the structure and functions of the RSS with several real-world projects.","PeriodicalId":221348,"journal":{"name":"2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114248148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}