Surfaces最新文献_第4页

Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators Si(211)基摩擦纳米发电机运行过程中的氧化损伤

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6030020

Carlos Hurtado, S. Ciampi

{"title":"Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators","authors":"Carlos Hurtado, S. Ciampi","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6030020","url":null,"abstract":"Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on sliding metal–semiconductor junctions are an emerging technology that can efficiently convert mechanical into electrical energy. These miniature autonomous power sources can output large direct current (DC) densities, but often suffer from limited durability; hence, their practical scope remains uncertain. Herein, through a combination of conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and photocurrent decay (PCM) experiments, we explored the underlying cause of surface wear during the operation of DC-TENGs. Using monolayer-functionalized Si(211) surfaces as the model system, we demonstrate the extent to which surface damage develops during TENG operation. We reveal that the introduction of surface defects (oxide growth) during TENG operation is not caused by the passage of the rather large current densities (average output of ~2 × 106 A/m2); it is instead mainly caused by the large pressure (~GPa) required for the sliding Schottky diode to output a measurable zero-bias current. We also discovered that the drop in output during operation occurs with a delay in the friction/pressure event, which partially explains why such deterioration of DC-TENG performance is often underestimated or not reported.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89872095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biodegradable Zn−1wt.%Mg(−0.5wt.%Mn) Alloys: Influence of Solidification Microstructure on Their Corrosion Behavior 可生物降解Zn - 1wt.%Mg(- 0.5wt.%Mn)合金:凝固组织对其腐蚀行为的影响

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6030019

Talita A. Vida, Clarissa Cruz, A. Barros, N. Cheung, C. Brito, Amauri Garcia

引用次数: 0

Spectra of Low Energy Electrons Emitted in the Interaction of Slow Ne+ Ions with Mg Surfaces 慢Ne+离子与Mg表面相互作用的低能电子谱

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6030018

P. Riccardi, C. Dukes

引用次数: 0

Acetylation of Scaled-Down Chitin Nanofiber Films to Improve Mechanical Properties 缩小几丁质纳米纤维薄膜的乙酰化以改善力学性能

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6030017

J. Kadokawa, Chiharu Iiyama, Aoi Nakashima

引用次数: 0

Using Highly Flexible SbSn@NC Nanofibers as Binderless Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries 利用高柔性SbSn@NC纳米纤维作为钠离子电池的无粘结阳极

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6030016

Jiaojiao Liang, Gengkun Fang, Xinmiao Niu, Zhi Zhang, Yufei Wang, Lingyuan Liao, Xiaoming Zheng, Di Huang, Yuehua Wei

{"title":"Using Highly Flexible SbSn@NC Nanofibers as Binderless Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Jiaojiao Liang, Gengkun Fang, Xinmiao Niu, Zhi Zhang, Yufei Wang, Lingyuan Liao, Xiaoming Zheng, Di Huang, Yuehua Wei","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6030016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6030016","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible and binderless electrodes have become a promising candidate for the next generation of flexible power storage devices. However, developing high-performance electrode materials with high energy density and a long cycle life remains a serious challenge for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The main issue is the large volume change in electrode materials during the cycling processes, leading to rapid capacity decay for SIBs. In this study, flexible electrodes for a SnSb alloy–carbon nanofiber (SnSb@NC) membrane were successfully synthesized with the aid of hydrothermal, electrospinning and annealing processes. The as-prepared binderless SnSb@NC flexible anodes were investigated for the storage properties of SIBs at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C (SnSb@NC-500, SnSb@NC-600 and SnSb@NC-700), respectively. And the flexible SnSb@NC-700 electrode displayed the preferable SIB performances, achieving 240 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. In degree-dependent I-V curve measurements, the SnSb@NC-700 membrane exhibited almost the same current at different bending degrees of 0°, 45°, 90°, 120° and 175°, indicating the outstanding mechanical properties of the flexible binderless electrodes.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83886499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitrogen- and Fluorine-Doped Carbon Nanohorns as Efficient Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Catalyst: Role of the Nitrogen Groups 氮和氟掺杂碳纳米角作为高效的无金属氧还原催化剂:氮基团的作用

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6030015

Elisa Tosin, T. Gatti, S. Agnoli, L. Calvillo, E. Menna

引用次数: 0

Thin Luminous Tracks of Particles Released from Electrodes with A Small Radius of Curvature in Pulsed Nanosecond Discharges in Air and Argon 在空气和氩气中脉冲纳秒放电时，小曲率半径电极释放的粒子的薄发光轨迹

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6020014

V. Tarasenko, D. Beloplotov, A. N. Panchenko, D. Sorokin

{"title":"Thin Luminous Tracks of Particles Released from Electrodes with A Small Radius of Curvature in Pulsed Nanosecond Discharges in Air and Argon","authors":"V. Tarasenko, D. Beloplotov, A. N. Panchenko, D. Sorokin","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6020014","url":null,"abstract":"Features of the nanosecond discharge development in a non-uniform electric field are studied experimentally. High spatial resolution imaging showed that thin luminous tracks of great length with a cross-section of a few microns are observed against the background of discharge glow in air and argon. It has been established that the detected tracks are adjacent to brightly luminous white spots on the electrodes or in the vicinity of these spots, and are associated with the flight of small particles. It is shown that the tracks have various shapes and change from pulse to pulse. The particle tracks may look like curvy or straight lines. In some photos, they can change their direction of movement to the opposite. It was found that the particle’s track abruptly breaks and a bright flash is visible at the break point. The color of the tracks differs from that of the spark leaders, while the bands of the second positive nitrogen system dominate in the plasma emission spectra during the existence of a diffuse discharge. Areas of blue light are visible near the electrodes as well. The development of glow and thin luminous tracks in the gap during its breakdown is revealed using an ICCD camera. Physical reasons for the observed phenomena are discussed.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73248274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface Treatment of Biochar—Methods, Surface Analysis and Potential Applications: A Comprehensive Review 生物炭表面处理方法、表面分析及潜在应用综述

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6020013

Marlena Gęca, A. Khalil, Mengqi Tang, A. Bhakta, Y. Snoussi, P. Nowicki, M. Wiśniewska, M. Chehimi

引用次数: 2

Fabrication of Electroplated Nickel Composite Films Using Cellulose Nanofibers Introduced with Carboxy Groups as Co-Deposited Materials 引入羧基的纤维素纳米纤维共沉积制备电镀镍复合薄膜

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6020012

M. Iioka, W. Kawanabe, Tatsuya Kobayashi, I. Shohji, Kota Sakamoto

{"title":"Fabrication of Electroplated Nickel Composite Films Using Cellulose Nanofibers Introduced with Carboxy Groups as Co-Deposited Materials","authors":"M. Iioka, W. Kawanabe, Tatsuya Kobayashi, I. Shohji, Kota Sakamoto","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6020012","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the fabrication of nickel (Ni)-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite electroplating films was attempted using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized CNF as CNF introduced with carboxy groups. As a result, co-deposition was confirmed for both CNFs, and the former showed 82% improvement in surface Vickers hardness compared to the plated film deposited from a conventional Watts bath without CNF. Although the latter showed slightly inferior 71% improvement, the surface roughness measurement showed a smoother surface than that of the plated copper material C1100. On the other hand, the film with CMC had a rough surface. The image analysis showed that the distance between co-deposited CNF on the surface of the plated film was 40% shorter on the specimen with TEMPO CNF than CMC, indicating that a fine dispersion was obtained. In addition, a co-deposition model was proposed in which Ni is deposited from the chelate complex formed between the carboxylate of CNF and Ni ions. CNF is fixed to the plated film surface by Ni deposition and the simultaneous bond of hydrogen ions to the carboxylate, resulting in a return to the carboxy group.","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"763 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76919486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Range ACEO Phenomena in Microfluidic Channel 微流控通道中的远距离ACEO现象

Surfaces Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.3390/surfaces6020011

D. Dutta, K. Smith, X. Palmer

{"title":"Long-Range ACEO Phenomena in Microfluidic Channel","authors":"D. Dutta, K. Smith, X. Palmer","doi":"10.3390/surfaces6020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces6020011","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic devices are increasingly utilized in numerous industries, including that of medicine, for their abilities to pump and mix fluid at a microscale. Within these devices, microchannels paired with microelectrodes enable the mixing and transportation of ionized fluid. The ionization process charges the microchannel and manipulates the fluid with an electric field. Although complex in operation at the microscale, microchannels within microfluidic devices are easy to produce and economical. This paper uses simulations to convey helpful insights into the analysis of electrokinetic microfluidic device phenomena. The simulations in this paper use the Navier–Stokes and Poisson Nernst–Planck equations solved using COMSOL to determine the maximum attainable fluid velocity with an electric potential applied to the microchannel and the most suitable frequency or voltage to use for transporting the fluid. Alternating current electroosmosis (ACEO) directs and provides velocity to the ionized fluid. ACEO can also mix the fluid at low frequencies for the purpose of dispersing particles. DC electroosmosis (DCEO) applies voltage along the microchannel to create an electric field that ionizes fluid within the microchannel, making it a cost-effective method for transporting fluid. This paper explores a method for an alternate efficient utilization of microfluidic devices for efficient mixing and transportation of ionized fluid and analyzes the electrokinetic phenomena through simulations using the Navier–Stokes and Poisson Nernst–Planck equations. The results provide insights into the parameters at play for transporting the fluid using alternating current electroosmosis (ACEO) and DC electroosmosis (DCEO).","PeriodicalId":22129,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78703060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0