Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"A Prospective Biopsychosocial Repeated Measures Study of Stress and Dropout from Substance Addiction Treatment.","authors":"Kari Bøhle,&nbsp;Eli Otterholt,&nbsp;Stål Kapstø Bjørkly","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S376389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S376389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This prospective, repeated-measures observational study tested biopsychosocial variables as risk factors for dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment. Substance use disorder (SUD) is viewed as a chronic relapsing disease caused by an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. However, there is a lack of prospective studies that combine biopsychosocial variables when assessing dropout. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there was 1) An association between biopsychosocial factors and dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment, 2) An interaction with SUD diagnosis and cortisol, and 3) Different dropout rates between short-term and long-term institutions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients (n = 173) were recruited from two inpatient treatment centers in Norway between 2018 and 2021. The following biopsychosocial variables were measured at four timepoints: ward atmosphere (Ward Atmosphere Scale, WAS), psychological distress (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10, HSCL-10), motivation (M-scale of the Circumstances, Motivation, Readiness, and Suitability questionnaire), and concentration of salivary cortisol (CORT- nmol/L). Cortisol levels were measured for two consecutive days at each timepoint and calculated by two cortisol indices, daytime cortisol slope (DCS) and area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUC_G). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find an association between dropout rates and the biopsychosocial variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results suggest a lower dropout odds for patients with high motivation (OR = 0.76, p = 0.022) and patients admitted to short-term treatment (OR = 0.06, p = 0.005). An interaction with stimulant SUD and DCS (OR = 13.74, p = 0.024) also revealed higher dropout odds. No statistical significance was found for psychological distress, WAS, and cortisol AUC_G.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results support monitoring motivation during treatment and further investigating biopsychosocial variables when assessing dropout risk together with SUD diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/14/sar-14-61.PMC10351681.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9836331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Psycho-Social Profile of People with Substance Use Disorders Treated in Locally Assigned Treatment Facilities in Kandahar, Afghanistan.","authors":"Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai,&nbsp;Mohammad Wahid Wahidi","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S412821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S412821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use and its associated bio-psycho-social problems are public health concerns with harmful individual and social consequences.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the bio-psycho-social profile of people with substance use disorders (SUD) treated at locally assigned treatment facilities in Kandahar, Afghanistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted this facility-based cross-sectional study among 621 substance users receiving care at three locally assigned treatment facilities in November-December 2022. We performed multiple linear regression to determine factors associated with psychological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 34.41 (± 10.10 SD) years. The majority of our subjects (81.2%) perceived their physical health as very good or fair. More than two-thirds (73.4%) rated their social support as high. Of all participants, 541 (87.1%) had symptoms of depression, 569 (91.6%) of anxiety, and 442 (71.2%) of stress. The prevalence of severe depression, anxiety, and stress was 34.8%, 65.8%, and 27.3%, respectively. The multiple linear regression showed that several attributes of people with substance use disorders [ie, having a low level of education (β=0.12, p=<0.001), being unemployed (β=0.31, p=<0.001), having a low level of social support (β=-0.35, p=<0.001), had a pre-existing medical condition (β=-0.28, p=<0.001), and having lived abroad in the past ten years (β=0.10, p=0.001)] were significantly associated with higher DASS-21 total scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the importance of providing bio-psycho-social support programs and implementing therapeutic interventions to help people with substance use disorders, particularly those who are most susceptible to higher levels of bio-psycho-social problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/a7/sar-14-89.PMC10417592.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10352043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Addiction in Binge-Eating Disorder: Considerations for Screening and Treatment.","authors":"Alexandra Paul,&nbsp;Aleena Ghanta,&nbsp;Ariana M Chao","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S391636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S391636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Similarities have been reported between the diagnostic and associated characteristics of binge-eating disorder (BED) and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders. This has resulted in interest in using addiction models to inform clinical care for people with BED. The purpose of this paper was to review features of addiction in BED with a focus on clinical implications. First, we briefly summarize similarities and differences in diagnostic and mechanistic features and symptoms for BED and food addiction, substance-related disorders, and non-substance-related disorders. Then we review aspects of addiction in BED that have clinical implications for screening and treatment of this condition. Similarities in diagnostic criteria between BED and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders include loss of control, greater use than intended, continued use despite adverse consequences, and marked distress. Addiction models may help inform aspects of clinical care of BED, particularly for shared antecedents and mechanisms underlying both disorders and to enhance engagement in treatment. Yet, there are large gaps in evidence regarding the effects of many aspects of addiction models to BED. More research is needed to examine the safety and efficacy of using addiction theories and frameworks for clinical strategies for BED.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/5c/sar-14-77.PMC10408689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated Perspectives on the Neurobiology of Substance Use Disorders Using Neuroimaging.","authors":"Kevin S Murnane,&nbsp;Amber N Edinoff,&nbsp;Elyse M Cornett,&nbsp;Alan D Kaye","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S362861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S362861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use problems impair social functioning, academic achievement, and employability. Psychological, biological, social, and environmental factors can contribute to substance use disorders. In recent years, neuroimaging breakthroughs have helped elucidate the mechanisms of substance misuse and its effects on the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are all examples. Neuroimaging studies suggest substance misuse affects executive function, reward, memory, and stress systems. Recent neuroimaging research attempts have provided clinicians with improved tools to diagnose patients who misuse substances, comprehend the complicated neuroanatomy and neurobiology involved, and devise individually tailored and monitorable treatment regimens for individuals with substance use disorders. This review describes the most recent developments in drug misuse neuroimaging, including the neurobiology of substance use disorders, neuroimaging, and substance use disorders, established neuroimaging techniques, recent developments with established neuroimaging techniques and substance use disorders, and emerging clinical neuroimaging technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/2f/sar-14-99.PMC10424678.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10015605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Epidemiology as a Critical Subject of Global Health, Mental Health, and Health Equity: Advances, Trends, and Contemporary Issues.","authors":"Joshua Owolabi","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S384987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S384987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug epidemiology basically involves the methodical study of the incidence, distribution, and impact of drug or substance abuse in populations and associated factors with a view to proffering solutions or interventions. Drug epidemiology has significantly evolved over the years. The nature of substances that are being used or abused has also drastically evolved, just as the factors that are associated are also evolving. Populations appear to have observable trends or patterns and characteristic underlying factors that are primarily responsible for the trends. Unfortunately, there have not been adequate efforts to appreciate the evolutions that have characterized the patterns of drug or substance abuse or the factors that are responsible for these trends. This is also because drug epidemiology has arguably not been given the attention that it probably deserves worldwide. Judging by recent developments and data on prevalence, drug epidemiology warrants significant attention. This article provides insights into drug epidemiology, not just as a concept but a subject of public and global health, and health equity. It also highlights challenges and matters arising in drug epidemiology, sheds light on contemporary issues, and attempts to suggest solutions. Finally, it advocates for policies and practices that are in line with global realities and trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/a1/sar-13-111.PMC9719394.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35259813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Community-Based Study of Level and Determinants of Substance Use: Findings from Children Experiencing Homelessness in Major Cities of Northern Ethiopia.","authors":"Zinabu Asfaw,&nbsp;Mengistu Mitiku,&nbsp;Haftom Temesgen Abebe,&nbsp;Mussie Tesfay Atsbeha","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S381768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S381768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Homelessness among children is a significant problem in most nations of the world. Children who experienced homelessness are most often unable to get secured and adequate housing. Such problems expose them to a range of destructive practices such as substance use. This study, therefore, was designed to evaluate the level and determinants of substance use by children who experienced homelessness in major cities of Northern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was undertaken from October 1, 2019 to February 30, 2020. We conducted street-based outreach searching to get a representative sample of the city's children who experienced homelessness and a total of 422 were recruited. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with substance use and statistical significance was declared at <i>p</i> < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than 80% of the children who experienced homelessness use alcohol, cigarette or chat. Marriage status of parents before the child experiences homelessness being divorce (AOR = 8.53, 95% CI: 1.87-38.89), occupational status of mother being a daily laborer (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI: 0.83, 9.31), child relationship status with parents before child experiences homelessness (AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.30) and parents' residential status before child experiences homelessness being rural (AOR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.77-17.89) are the independent variables that established statistically significant association with the outcome variable, substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>The majority of the children who experienced homelessness are exposed to substance use, particularly alcohol and cigarette. Efforts are needed by concerned bodies of the region to work on factors that predispose to homelessness and strategically safeguard the health and wellbeing of the children.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/5d/sar-13-101.PMC9718496.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35208027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Umbrella Review of the Links Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Misuse: What, Why, and Where Do We Go from Here?","authors":"Lucinda Grummitt,&nbsp;Emma Barrett,&nbsp;Erin Kelly,&nbsp;Nicola Newton","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S341818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S341818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>A wealth of research has identified adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; abuse, neglect, violence or disorder in the home) as a strong risk factor for substance misuse. Synthesis of the existing evidence is critical to shape policy and inform directions for future research. Existing reviews have focused on specific substances or substance use outcomes (eg, disorder), and do not include discussion of the mechanisms that operate between ACEs and substance misuse. The current umbrella review aims to synthesize reviews on the relationship between ACEs and substance misuse, review the evidence on the mechanisms linking these, identify existing gaps in our knowledge, and discuss critical directions for future research, practice, and public policy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two electronic databases (PsycINFO and Medline) were searched for reviews published between 1998 and 2022 on the link between ACEs and substance misuse. Twenty articles met eligibility criteria and were qualitatively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results overwhelmingly demonstrated an elevated risk of substance misuse or disorder, among adolescents and adults exposed to ACEs. Research on the mechanisms that explain this link highlights a multitude of potential intervention targets, with childhood stress propelling a cascade of effects across neurobiological, endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems, impacting psychosocial and cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, the literature is subject to limitations surrounding potential unmeasured cofounders and causality, as well as decontextualizing childhood adversity from broader structural issues that influence the link between ACEs and substance misuse. Research, policy, and practice that seek to holistically understand and address the relationship between ACEs and substance misuse within the broader social determinants of health is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/01/sar-13-83.PMC9675346.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40489224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged Codeine Administration Causes Degeneration of Myelinated Axons and Motor Dysfunction in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Victor Bassey Archibong,&nbsp;Ibe Michael Usman,&nbsp;Ann Monima Lemuel","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S365982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S365982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Over-the-counter (OTC) anti-cough medications which contain codeine (an opioid) are extensively available in Nigeria, and hence prone to overuse or abuse. The study aimed to understand the effects of oral codeine administration on the integrity of neurons of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum and its behavioral implications in male Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty adult male Wistar rats of comparable weights were obtained and randomly allocated into 5 groups: A, B, C, D, and E (n = 6). Drugs used for the study were Archilin^TM with codeine and dihydrocodeine 30mg. Group A served as control and was administered 0.5mL/kg of normal saline. Groups B and C were treated with 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg of dihydrocodeine, respectively; Group D and E received 2mL/kg and 4mL/kg of Archilin^TM codeine syrup, respectively. The Archilin^TM codeine syrup and dihydrocodeine solutions were administered to the animals based on their body weight, orally and daily with the aid of oropharyngeal tubes for 21 days. The experimental animals were subjected to neurobehavioral studies using beam walk and open field. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine-hydrochloride intraperitoneally. The brains were quickly dissected out, rinsed with normal saline, and tissue processed for myelin studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The beam walking and open field result revealed that prolonged codeine administration interfered with motor function in the experimental animals. Sections of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of rats given normal saline showed normal myelin sheaths, whereas animals in the treatment group showed degenerating myelin compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged consumption of prescription codeine causes degeneration of the myelin sheaths and this may affect the conduction of electrical impulses in myelinated axons thus resulting in motor function insufficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/3b/sar-13-73.PMC9664999.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40482425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of Delirium Tremens in AUD Patients in Treatment: Relationship to AUD Severity and Other Factors.","authors":"Jørgen G Bramness,&nbsp;Susmita Pandey,&nbsp;Jenny Skumsnes Moe,&nbsp;Helge Toft,&nbsp;Lars Lien,&nbsp;Ingeborg Bolstad","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S361810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S361810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Delirium tremens (DT) occurs after stopping prolonged, high alcohol intake and may be life-threatening if untreated. We need to know about clinical correlates of DT in order to provide the best clinical care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At admission to inpatient treatment a cohort of 114 alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients were interviewed and examined concerning psychiatric diagnosis and symptoms, trauma experiences and alcohol related measures and if they had experienced DT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four percent of the patients reported a life-time experience of DT. These patients were predominantly males and had lower educational level. More of the patients in the DT than the non-DT group reported at least one suicide attempt, were diagnosed with PTSD, and dropped out of treatment. Also, having parents with alcohol problems was more common among these patients, and they reported a longer duration of problematic drinking and a higher number of drinks needed to feel an effect of drinking. In the multivariable adjusted analysis only a diagnosis of PTSD (OR=5.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-24.31) and duration of problematic drinking with a 6% increase in risk for every year (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11) remained significant risk factors for having DT experience.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Having experienced DT was more prevalent in the current investigation than in earlier studies. Patients that had experienced DT seemed to have more serious AUD, especially signified by a longer duration of drinking. These patients seemed to have many clinical disadvantages including more drop-out and higher suicide rate. PTSD could be a risk factor for DT but may also follow the DT experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/d2/sar-13-65.PMC9482447.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40370588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Services Available at United States Addiction Treatment Facilities That Offer Medications versus Behavioral Treatment Only: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Analysis.","authors":"Andrea Weber,&nbsp;Benjamin Miskle,&nbsp;Alison Lynch,&nbsp;Stephan Arndt,&nbsp;Laura Acion","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S356131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S356131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Substance use disorders (SUDs) are widespread and cause significant morbidity and mortality, yet most people in the United States with a SUD do not receive treatment. Recommendations call for widespread use of pharmacotherapy, including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). However, many facilities do not offer a full array of medication treatments. This study aims to characterize programs that do and do not offer pharmacotherapy as part of addiction treatment services. We hypothesized that the availability of pharmacotherapy would predict the existence of other recommended components of treatment.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We analyzed characteristics regarding treatment facilities (n = 15,782) recorded by the 2019 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) to determine how many SUD treatment facilities offer any pharmacotherapy. We compared facilities that offer any pharmacotherapy to facilities that offer none.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 65% of SUD treatment facilities that responded to the N-SSATS survey provided at least one pharmacotherapy, while 35% of SUD treatment facilities did not. The facilities that provided at least one pharmacotherapy offered, on average, 6 additional treatment options (Cohen's d = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.84-0.91). Psychiatric medications were the most commonly available pharmacotherapy, followed by buprenorphine/naloxone and naltrexone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results support that pharmacotherapy availability, such as MOUD, at SUD treatment facilities is associated with an increased number of recommended treatment components. Since MOUD has been shown elsewhere to reduce mortality for people with OUD, it should be universally available at SUD treatment facilities. Further efforts are needed to make pharmacotherapy more widely available.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/c2/sar-13-57.PMC9464624.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40359282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}